Hye-Ryun Kim

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.4.354

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Research Article
Quality of Diet and Nutritional Intake and Mortality Risk among South Korean Adults Based on 12-year Follow-up Data: Hye-Ryun Kim; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2016;21(4):354-365.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.4.354
Published online: August 31, 2016

Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Korea.

Corresponding author: Hye-Ryun Kim. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Building D, 370 Sicheong-daero, Sejong-si, 30147, Republic of Korea. Tel: (044) 287-8206, Fax: (044) 287-8064, hrkim@kihasa.re.kr

• Received: July 1, 2016 • Revised: August 22, 2016 • Accepted: August 26, 2016

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
Studies that reported the association between diet quality/nutritional intake status and mortality have rarely used long-term follow-up data in Asian countries, including Korea. This study investigated the association between the risk of mortality (all-cause and cause-specific) and the diet quality/nutritional intake status using follow-up 12-year mortality data from a nationally representative sample of South Koreans.
Methods
8,941 individuals who participated in 1998 and 2001 Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were linked to mortality data from death certificates. Of those individuals, 1,083 (12.1%) had died as of December, 2012. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the relative risks of mortality according to the level of diet quality and intakes of major nutrients. Indicators for diet quality index and nutritional intake status were assessed using MAR (mean adequacy ratio) and energy and protein intake level compared with the 2010 Korean DRI.
Results
Higher diet quality/nutritional intake status were associated with lower mortality; the mortality risk (95% confidence interval) from all-cause of lowest MAR group vs highest was 1.66 (1.27 to 2.18) among ≥ 30 year old, and 1.98 (1.36 to 2.86) among 30~64 year old individuals. Those with below 75% of energy and protein intake of Korean DRI had higher mortality risks of all-cause mortality compared to the reference group. Diet quality/nutritional intake status was inversely associated with mortality from cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
Conclusions
Poor Diet quality/nutritional intake status were associated with a higher risk of mortality from all-cause and mortality from cardiovascular diseases and cancer among South Korean adults.
Keywords: diet quality; nutritional intake; mortality risk; follow-up data; Korean

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Table 1

Baseline characteristics of study subjects at the time of 1998 and 2001 KNHANS

1) Excluding missing values

Table 2

Relative risks of mortality from all cause according to diet quality and major nutrients intake level, among ≥ 30 year old individuals

1) Model 1 : Adjusted for age, sex and year of survey

2) Model 2 : Additionally adjusted for educational attainment, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical exercise

Table 3

Relative risks of age-specific mortality from all cause according to diet quality and major nutrients intake level

1) Model 1 : Adjusted for age, sex and year of survey

2) Model 2 : Additionally adjusted for educational attainment, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical exercise

Table 4

Relative risks of mortality from cardiovascular diseases and cancer according to diet quality and major nutrients intake level among ≥ 30 year old individuals

1) Excluding subjects with cancer at survey

2) Excluding subjects with cardiovascular diseases patients at survey

3) Model 1 : Adjusted for age, sex and year of survey

4) Model 2 : Additionally adjusted for educational attainment, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical exercise

Table 5

Relative risks of age-specific mortality from cardiovascular diseases and cancer according to diet quality and major nutrients intake levels

1) Excluding subjects with cancer at survey

2) Excluding subjects with cardiovascular diseases patients at survey

3) Model 1 : Adjusted for age, sex and year of survey

4) Model 2 : Additionally adjusted for educational attainment, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical exercise

Figure & Data

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Quality of Diet and Nutritional Intake and Mortality Risk among South Korean Adults Based on 12-year Follow-up Data

Korean J Community Nutr. 2016;21(4):354-365. Published online August 31, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.4.354

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Quality of Diet and Nutritional Intake and Mortality Risk among South Korean Adults Based on 12-year Follow-up Data

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of study subjects at the time of 1998 and 2001 KNHANS

1) Excluding missing values

Table 2

Relative risks of mortality from all cause according to diet quality and major nutrients intake level, among ≥ 30 year old individuals

1) Model 1 : Adjusted for age, sex and year of survey

2) Model 2 : Additionally adjusted for educational attainment, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical exercise

Table 3

Relative risks of age-specific mortality from all cause according to diet quality and major nutrients intake level

1) Model 1 : Adjusted for age, sex and year of survey

2) Model 2 : Additionally adjusted for educational attainment, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical exercise

Table 4

Relative risks of mortality from cardiovascular diseases and cancer according to diet quality and major nutrients intake level among ≥ 30 year old individuals

1) Excluding subjects with cancer at survey

2) Excluding subjects with cardiovascular diseases patients at survey

3) Model 1 : Adjusted for age, sex and year of survey

4) Model 2 : Additionally adjusted for educational attainment, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical exercise

Table 5

Relative risks of age-specific mortality from cardiovascular diseases and cancer according to diet quality and major nutrients intake levels

1) Excluding subjects with cancer at survey

2) Excluding subjects with cardiovascular diseases patients at survey

3) Model 1 : Adjusted for age, sex and year of survey

4) Model 2 : Additionally adjusted for educational attainment, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical exercise

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study subjects at the time of 1998 and 2001 KNHANS

1) Excluding missing values

Table 2 Relative risks of mortality from all cause according to diet quality and major nutrients intake level, among ≥ 30 year old individuals

1) Model 1 : Adjusted for age, sex and year of survey

2) Model 2 : Additionally adjusted for educational attainment, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical exercise

Table 3 Relative risks of age-specific mortality from all cause according to diet quality and major nutrients intake level

1) Model 1 : Adjusted for age, sex and year of survey

2) Model 2 : Additionally adjusted for educational attainment, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical exercise

Table 4 Relative risks of mortality from cardiovascular diseases and cancer according to diet quality and major nutrients intake level among ≥ 30 year old individuals

1) Excluding subjects with cancer at survey

2) Excluding subjects with cardiovascular diseases patients at survey

3) Model 1 : Adjusted for age, sex and year of survey

4) Model 2 : Additionally adjusted for educational attainment, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical exercise

Table 5 Relative risks of age-specific mortality from cardiovascular diseases and cancer according to diet quality and major nutrients intake levels

1) Excluding subjects with cancer at survey

2) Excluding subjects with cardiovascular diseases patients at survey

3) Model 1 : Adjusted for age, sex and year of survey

4) Model 2 : Additionally adjusted for educational attainment, income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical exercise