Yeonah Jeong; Misung Kim; Saeron Shin; Ahreum Han; Geomsuk Seo; Cheongmin Sohn

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.3.284

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Research Article
Relationship between Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolic Biochemical Markers and Diet Quality Index-International(DQI-I) in Postmenopausal Obese Women: Yeonah Jeong, Misung Kim, Saeron Shin, Ahreum Han, Geomsuk Seo, Cheongmin Sohn; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2016;21(3):284-292.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.3.284
Published online: June 30, 2016

¹Department of Nutrition Services, Wonkwnag University Hospital, Iksan, Korea.

²Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.

³Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea.

⁴Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea.

Corresponding author: Cheongmin Sohn. Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea. Tel: (063) 850-6656, Fax: (063) 850-7301, ccha@wku.ac.kr

• Received: June 13, 2016 • Revised: June 22, 2016 • Accepted: June 22, 2016

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
This study compared the differences of postmenopausal women's bone mineral density in relation to the degree of obesity, metabolism index and dietary factors that affect bone mineral density.
Methods
The subjects included in the study are 39 postmenopausal women of normal weight with body mass index less than 25 kg/m² and 32 postmenopausal who are obese. Anthropometry and biochemical analysis were performed and nutrient intakes and DQI-I were assessed.
Results
Normal weight women were 56.03 ± 3.76 years old and obese women were 58.09 ± 5.13 years old and there was no significant difference in age between the two groups. The T-score of bone mineral density was 0.03 ± 1.06 in normal weight women and −0.60 ± 1.47 in obese women and this was significantly different between the two groups (p<0.05). Blood Leptin concentration was significantly lower in normal weight women (6.09 ± 3.37 ng/mL) compared to obese women in (9.01 ± 4.99 ng/mL) (p<0.05). The total score of diet quality index-international was 70.41±9.34 in normal weight women and 64.93 ± 7.82 in obese women (p<0.05). T-score of bone mineral density showed negative correlations with percentage of body fat (r = −0.233, p=0.05), BMI (r = −0.197, p=0.017), triglyceride (r = −0.281, p=0.020) and leptin (r = −0.308, p=0.011). The results of multiple regression analysis performed as the method of entry showed that with 22.0% of explanation power, percentage of body fat (β =−0.048, p<0.05), triglyceride (β=−0.005, p<0.05) and HDL-cholesterol (β=0.034, p<0.01), moderation of DQI-I (β=−0.231, p<0.05) affected T-score significantly.
Conclusions
The results of the study showed that obese women have less bone density than those with normal weight women. In addition, the factor analysis result that affect bone mineral density showed that intake of fat is a very important factor. Therefore, postmenopausal women need to maintain normal weight and manage blood lipid levels within normal range. They also need to take various sources of protein and reduce consumption of empty calorie foods that have high calories, fat, cholesterol and sodium.
Keywords: bone mineral density; bone metabolic markers; diet quality index-international; postmenopausal; obesity

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (project no.: NRF- 2012R1A1A3012499).

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Table 1

Comparison of anthropometric measurements

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05 Significantly different between postmenopausal normal women and obese women by Student t-test

Table 2

Comparison of biochemical indices of subjects

1) Mean±SD

2) CTx: C-terminal telopeptides of Type l collagen

^*: p < 0.05 Significantly different between postmenopausal normal women and obese women by Student t-test

Table 3

Comparison of bone mineral density of subjects

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05 Significantly different between postmenopausal normal women and obese women by Student t-test

Table 4

Nutrient intakes compared to 1,000 kcal energy intake

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05 Significantly different between postmenopausal normal women and obese women by Student t-test

Table 5

Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I)

1) Mean±SD

2) PUFA: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid, MUFA: Monounsaturated Fatty Acid, SFA: Saturated Fatty Acid

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01 Significantly different between postmenopausal normal women and obese women by Student t-test

Table 6

Correlation of bone mineral density (T-score) with related anthropometric and biochemical index

Table 7

Correlation of bone mineral density (T-score) with related Diet Quality Index-International

Table 8

Multiple regression analysis on bone mineral density (T-score) by anthropometric and biochemical index and Diet Quality Index-International

Adjusted for age, weight, height, dietary supplement, hormonal replacement therapy

Figure & Data

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Relationship between Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolic Biochemical Markers and Diet Quality Index-International(DQI-I) in Postmenopausal Obese Women

Korean J Community Nutr. 2016;21(3):284-292. Published online June 30, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.3.284

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Relationship between Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolic Biochemical Markers and Diet Quality Index-International(DQI-I) in Postmenopausal Obese Women

Table 1

Comparison of anthropometric measurements

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05 Significantly different between postmenopausal normal women and obese women by Student t-test

Table 2

Comparison of biochemical indices of subjects

1) Mean±SD

2) CTx: C-terminal telopeptides of Type l collagen

^*: p < 0.05 Significantly different between postmenopausal normal women and obese women by Student t-test

Table 3

Comparison of bone mineral density of subjects

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05 Significantly different between postmenopausal normal women and obese women by Student t-test

Table 4

Nutrient intakes compared to 1,000 kcal energy intake

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05 Significantly different between postmenopausal normal women and obese women by Student t-test

Table 5

Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I)

1) Mean±SD

2) PUFA: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid, MUFA: Monounsaturated Fatty Acid, SFA: Saturated Fatty Acid

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01 Significantly different between postmenopausal normal women and obese women by Student t-test

Table 6

Correlation of bone mineral density (T-score) with related anthropometric and biochemical index

Table 7

Correlation of bone mineral density (T-score) with related Diet Quality Index-International

Table 8

Multiple regression analysis on bone mineral density (T-score) by anthropometric and biochemical index and Diet Quality Index-International

Adjusted for age, weight, height, dietary supplement, hormonal replacement therapy

Table 1 Comparison of anthropometric measurements

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05 Significantly different between postmenopausal normal women and obese women by Student t-test

Table 2 Comparison of biochemical indices of subjects

1) Mean±SD

2) CTx: C-terminal telopeptides of Type l collagen

^*: p < 0.05 Significantly different between postmenopausal normal women and obese women by Student t-test

Table 3 Comparison of bone mineral density of subjects

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05 Significantly different between postmenopausal normal women and obese women by Student t-test

Table 4 Nutrient intakes compared to 1,000 kcal energy intake

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05 Significantly different between postmenopausal normal women and obese women by Student t-test

Table 5 Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I)

1) Mean±SD

2) PUFA: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid, MUFA: Monounsaturated Fatty Acid, SFA: Saturated Fatty Acid

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01 Significantly different between postmenopausal normal women and obese women by Student t-test

Table 6 Correlation of bone mineral density (T-score) with related anthropometric and biochemical index

Table 7 Correlation of bone mineral density (T-score) with related Diet Quality Index-International

Table 8 Multiple regression analysis on bone mineral density (T-score) by anthropometric and biochemical index and Diet Quality Index-International

Adjusted for age, weight, height, dietary supplement, hormonal replacement therapy