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Relationship between the Dietary Behavior of Young Children and Their Mothers in Daejeon, Korea Using the Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers and Adults
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Research Article
Relationship between the Dietary Behavior of Young Children and Their Mothers in Daejeon, Korea Using the Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers and Adults
InYoung Jeong, SuJin Song
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2021;26(1):12-22.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.1.12
Published online: February 28, 2021
1Graduate student, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea
2Assistant professor, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea
Corresponding author:  SuJin Song, Tel: +82-42-629-8791, Fax: +82-42-629-8789, 
Email: sjsong@hnu.kr
Received: 25 January 2021   • Revised: 22 February 2021   • Accepted: 22 February 2021
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Abstract

Objectives
This study examined the association between the dietary behavior and weight status of preschool children and their mothers in Daejeon, Korea. Methods: A total of 301 mother–preschool children (aged 3~6 years) dyads were included in this study. The dietary behavior of children and their mothers was assessed using the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) questionnaire for preschoolers and adults, respectively. The NQ questionnaires were completed by the mothers. The overweight/ obesity status of children and their mothers was determined using data on height and body weight reported by the mothers. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between the dietary behavior and weight status of children and their mothers. Results: The mean NQ score was 58.9 ± 9.7 in children and 55.6 ± 9.2 in mothers. The NQ score was higher in boys than girls but did not vary by age. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 27.5% in children and 46.5% in mothers. The physical activity level of mothers and their NQ scores were positively associated with the NQ scores of the children. After adjustment for covariates, the mothers in the highest tertile of NQ scores showed a lower odds ratio (OR) for the unhealthy dietary behavior of children (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.11~0.53, P< 0.001) compared to those in the lowest tertile. The obese mothers showed a higher OR for children’s overweight/obesity (OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.68~6.80, P = 0.001) compared to normal weight mothers. Conclusions: The dietary behavior and weight status of young children and their mothers were closely linked. Nutrition education programs targeting mothers are necessary for improving maternal and child nutrition. Specifically, these programs need to be tailored to the socioeconomic characteristics or weight status of mothers.


Korean J Community Nutr. 2021 Feb;26(1):12-22. Korean.
Published online Feb 28, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.1.12
Copyright © 2021 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition
Original Article

Relationship between the Dietary Behavior of Young Children and Their Mothers in Daejeon, Korea Using the Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers and Adults

InYoung Jeong,1 and SuJin Song2
    • 1Graduate student, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea.
    • 2Assistant professor, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea.
  • Corresponding author: SuJin Song. Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseonggu, Daejeon 34054, Korea. Tel: +82-42-629-8791, Fax: +82-42-629-8789, Email: sjsong@hnu.kr
Received January 25, 2021; Revised February 22, 2021; Accepted February 22, 2021.

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

This study examined the association between the dietary behavior and weight status of preschool children and their mothers in Daejeon, Korea.

Methods

A total of 301 mother-preschool children (aged 3~6 years) dyads were included in this study. The dietary behavior of children and their mothers was assessed using the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) questionnaire for preschoolers and adults, respectively. The NQ questionnaires were completed by the mothers. The overweight/ obesity status of children and their mothers was determined using data on height and body weight reported by the mothers. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between the dietary behavior and weight status of children and their mothers.

Results

The mean NQ score was 58.9 ± 9.7 in children and 55.6 ± 9.2 in mothers. The NQ score was higher in boys than girls but did not vary by age. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 27.5% in children and 46.5% in mothers. The physical activity level of mothers and their NQ scores were positively associated with the NQ scores of the children. After adjustment for covariates, the mothers in the highest tertile of NQ scores showed a lower odds ratio (OR) for the unhealthy dietary behavior of children (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.11~0.53, P < 0.001) compared to those in the lowest tertile. The obese mothers showed a higher OR for children's overweight/obesity (OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.68~6.80, P = 0.001) compared to normal weight mothers.

Conclusions

The dietary behavior and weight status of young children and their mothers were closely linked. Nutrition education programs targeting mothers are necessary for improving maternal and child nutrition. Specifically, these programs need to be tailored to the socioeconomic characteristics or weight status of mothers.

Keywords
nutrition quotient; dietary behavior; overweight/obesity; preschool children; mothers

Figures

Fig. 1
Prevalence of overweight/obesity in children by the characteristics of children (a) and their mothers (b) P-values were obtained from the chi-square test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Tables

Table 1
Characteristics of the study subjects

Table 2
NQ scores of children and mothers by their characteristics

Table 3
Correlations among NQ scores of children and their mothers

Table 4
NQ scores of children by their mothers' characteristics

Table 5
Associations among dietary behaviors and weight status of children and their mothers1)

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT; Ministry of Science and ICT) (Grant No. NRF-2019R1F1A1059866).

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    Citations

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