Soyeon Park; Youngmee Lee

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.1.13

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Research Article
Mother's Parenting Style at Meal Time and Their Preschooler's Dietary Behavior: Soyeon Park, Youngmee Lee; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2017;22(1):13-21.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.1.13
Published online: February 28, 2017

¹Department of Food and Nutrition,Graduate School of Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea.

²Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University Global Campus, Sungnam, Korea.

Corresponding author: Youngmee Lee. Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University Global Campus, Sungnam 13120, Korea. Tel: (031) 750-5971, Fax: (031) 7505971, leeym@gachon.ac.kr

• Received: January 4, 2017 • Revised: February 17, 2017 • Accepted: February 17, 2017

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
This study was conducted to evaluate the nutrition quotient (NQ) by mother's parenting style which may influence the NQ in preschool children.
Methods
Subjects were 310 mothers and their 4-6 year old children. The questionnaire composed of demographic characteristics, mother's parenting style at meal time and eating behavior as measured by NQ questions. The NQ questions consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items and all items were grouped into 5 factors: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. Mother's parenting style was classified by using words for nutrition education at meal time. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 23) and the statistical differences in variables were evaluated by Student's t-test, χ²-test, One-way ANOVA.
Results
We observed that in children whose mothers use the parenting style at meal time of ‘explanation’ and ‘compliment & cheer up’ had high dietary regularity, diversity, practice. The children of mothers who use the parenting style at meal time of ‘persuasion’ and ‘reward’ were found to have a lower degree of balance, diversity, and practice. Especially, children of ‘reward’ style mothers had lower moderation of dietary life. On the other hand, among the parenting style at meal time of ‘comparison & demand’, ‘treating’ and ‘faire’, there was no significant difference in the NQ factor by each group. NQ grade was higher among those who used more explanation (p < 0.001) and persuasion (p < 0.01) and with use of less persuasion (p < 0.01) and reward (p < 0.01). The positive association observed between the frequency of dietary education of mothers and higher NQ grade indicated the degree of dietary practices of those children. On the other hand, the children of mothers who rarely practice the dietary education at home had lower NQ grade (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
In order to promote children's proper dietary behaviors, it is important to provide nutrition education to children as well as provide guidance on parenting style at meal time.
Keywords: parenting style; dietary behavior; preschool children; nutrition quotient; nutrition education

REFERENCES

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Fig. 1

Mother's parenting style at meal time (total N = 310)

Table 1

Mother's parenting style at meal time

Table 2

General characteristics of the study subjects

Table 3

Score of nutrition quotient (NQ) of the children

1) Balance Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 3.8)

2) Mean±SD

3) Diversity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 0)

4) Moderation Score: 10 (max: 10, min: 1.2)

5) Regularity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 3.0)

6) Practice Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 2.8)

7) NQ Score: 100 (max: 90.7, min: 34.0)

Table 4

Nutrition quotient (NQ) grade by mother's parenting frequency and message conveyed

1) N (%)

^***: p < 0.001

Table 5

Nutrition quotient(NQ) score by mother's parenting style

1) Balance Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 3.75)

2) Diversity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 0)

3) Moderation Score: 10 (max: 10, min: 1.21)

4) Regularity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 2.97)

5) Practice Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 2.75)

6) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 6

Nutrition quotient(NQ) grade by mother's parenting style

1) N (%)

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Mother's Parenting Style at Meal Time and Their Preschooler's Dietary Behavior

Korean J Community Nutr. 2017;22(1):13-21. Published online February 28, 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.1.13

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Mother's Parenting Style at Meal Time and Their Preschooler's Dietary Behavior

Fig. 1 Mother's parenting style at meal time (total N = 310)

Fig. 1

Mother's Parenting Style at Meal Time and Their Preschooler's Dietary Behavior

Table 1

Mother's parenting style at meal time

Table 2

General characteristics of the study subjects

Table 3

Score of nutrition quotient (NQ) of the children

1) Balance Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 3.8)

2) Mean±SD

3) Diversity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 0)

4) Moderation Score: 10 (max: 10, min: 1.2)

5) Regularity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 3.0)

6) Practice Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 2.8)

7) NQ Score: 100 (max: 90.7, min: 34.0)

Table 4

Nutrition quotient (NQ) grade by mother's parenting frequency and message conveyed

1) N (%)

^***: p < 0.001

Table 5

Nutrition quotient(NQ) score by mother's parenting style

1) Balance Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 3.75)

2) Diversity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 0)

3) Moderation Score: 10 (max: 10, min: 1.21)

4) Regularity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 2.97)

5) Practice Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 2.75)

6) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 6

Nutrition quotient(NQ) grade by mother's parenting style

1) N (%)

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 1 Mother's parenting style at meal time

Table 2 General characteristics of the study subjects

Table 3 Score of nutrition quotient (NQ) of the children

1) Balance Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 3.8)

2) Mean±SD

3) Diversity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 0)

4) Moderation Score: 10 (max: 10, min: 1.2)

5) Regularity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 3.0)

6) Practice Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 2.8)

7) NQ Score: 100 (max: 90.7, min: 34.0)

Table 4 Nutrition quotient (NQ) grade by mother's parenting frequency and message conveyed

1) N (%)

^***: p < 0.001

Table 5 Nutrition quotient(NQ) score by mother's parenting style

1) Balance Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 3.75)

2) Diversity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 0)

3) Moderation Score: 10 (max: 10, min: 1.21)

4) Regularity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 2.97)

5) Practice Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 2.75)

6) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 6 Nutrition quotient(NQ) grade by mother's parenting style

1) N (%)

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001