Taejung Woo; Jihye Yoo; Kyung-Hea Lee

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.2.106

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Research Article
Relationship between the Intake of Children's Favorite Foods and Policy based on Special Act on Safety Control of Children's Dietary Life: Taejung Woo, Jihye Yoo, Kyung-Hea Lee; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2019;24(2):106-116.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.2.106
Published online: April 30, 2019

¹Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Research Institute for Human Ecology, Changwon 51140, Korea, Researcher.

²Major in Nutrition Education, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea, Student.

³Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea, Professor.

Corresponding author: Kyung-Hea Lee. Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Uichanggu, Changwon-si, Gyeongnam 51140, Korea. Tel: (055) 213-3514, Fax: (055) 281-7480, khl@changwon.ac.kr

• Received: February 13, 2019 • Revised: April 11, 2019 • Accepted: April 11, 2019

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
This study examined the status of children's favorite foods intake and the relationship with the policy environment based on the Special Act on Safety Control of Children's Dietary Life for suggesting a supportive policy strategy.
Methods
The subjects were 4th grade students (n=1,638) in elementary school from 45 schools collected from seven areas (Seoul, Daegu, Daejeon, Gyeonggi, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Gyeongnam). The children participated in a self-administered questionnaire survey in class under the supervision of the teacher. The questionnaire consisted of items, such as social demographic characteristics, frequency of intake of the children's favorite foods, and policy cognition. A t-test and ANOVA were applied to explore the relationship between the frequency of children's favorite foods intake and policy cognition. The survey was implemented from August 2016 to September 2016.
Results
For the boys, the frequency of ‘high-calorie low nutrient foods intake’ (HCLN) was significantly higher than that of the girls (p<0.01). For the children who received information on their favorite foods from the internet, the frequency of HCLN was higher than the other sources (p<0.01). The time of TV viewing and computer usage, and smartphone usage was associated with a higher frequency of HCLN, and a lower healthy favorite food intake (all p<0.001). The intake frequency of healthy favorite foods indicated a positive correlation with the policy cognition, including policy perception, usefulness, necessity and buying intention, and educational experience.
Conclusions
This study showed a correlation with the frequency of children's favorite foods intake and policy. In particular, the frequency of children's healthy favorite foods intake indicated a meaningful relationship with the policy than the frequency of HCLN. This study also found that the consumption of children's healthy favorite foods was positively correlated with the educational experience. To develop a supportive policy for a good dietary environment for children, there is a need to focus on how to collaborate with multiple levels of influences, such as the national level, school level, and family.
Keywords: Children's favorite foods; policy; dietary environment

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant (16162MFDS084) from Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2016.

REFERENCES

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Table 1

Social demographic characteristics of subjects

1) Mean ± S.D.

2) Body Mass Index (kg/m²) %ile based on 2007 Korean national growth charts for children and adolescent (underweight: BMI percentile <5; normal weight: 5 ≤ BMI percentile < 85; overweight: 85≤ BMI percentile)

3) The data show only positive answer in this variable

Table 2

Frequency of children's favorite foods intake

1) Mean ± S.D. (converted to intake frequency per week, 0=not at all, 0.5=1~3 times a month, 2=1~3 times a week, 5=4~6 times a week, 7=once a day, 14=more than twice a day)

2) Cookie, biscuit (sweet snacks), potato chips etc. (salty snacks), cereal, cereal bar

3) Chocolate, chocolate bar, candy, jelly

4) Processed milk, carbonated drink, high-caffeinated drink, fruit flavor drink, others drink (ionic drink, vitamin drink etc.)

5) Fried chicken·chicken gangjeong, others fried (Fried squid etc.)

6) Skewers, Dumplings, dukbokki, hamburger, pizza

7) Gimbaps, sandwiches

Table 3

Comparison of children's favorite foods intake and social demographic variables

1) Mean ± S.D.; frequency of children's favorite foods intake per week

2) BMI (body mass index) percentile based on 2007 Korean national growth charts for children and adolescents (underweight: BMI percentile < 5; normal weight: 5 ≤ BMI percentile < 85; overweight: 85≤ BMI percentile)

3) ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^**: p<0.001 by t-test

4) ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^**: p<0.001 by ANOVA

abc: Values with the different small letter superscript are significantly different among column by Duncan's multiple range test at p<0.05.

Table 4

Comparison of policy cognition, educational experience among clusters

1) Frequency of children's healthy favorite foods intake in clusters: low intake −7.3 ± 3.4 times per week, medium intake-18.1 ± 3.6 times per week, high intake-32.7 ± 6.2 times per week

2) Policy cognition consisted of policy perception, policy usefulness, policy necessity and buying intention; total score-23 points

3) Mean ± S.D. (policy perception: 10 points, policy usefulness: 4 points, policy necessity: 6 points, buying intention: 3 points, educational experience: 3 points)

^**: p<0.01, ^**: p<0.001 by ANOVA

abc: Values with the different small letter superscript are significantly different among row by Duncan's multiple range test at p<0.05.

Table 5

Comparison of policy cognition, educational experience among clusters

1) Frequency of children's high-calorie low-nutrient favorite foods intake in clusters:low intake −4.3 ± 2.2 times per week, medium intake-11.5 ± 2.4 times per week, high intake-22.7 ± 5.0 times per week

2) Policy cognition consisted of policy perception, policy usefulness, policy necessity and buying intention; total score-23 points

3) Mean ± S.D. (policy perception: 10 points, policy usefulness: 4 points, policy necessity: 6 points, buying intention: 3 points, educational experience: 3 points)

^*: p<0.05 by ANOVA

Table 6

Pearson correlation coefficient among frequency of children's favorite foods intake, policy cognition and educational experience

^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^**: p<0.001 by pearson correlation analysis

Figure & Data

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Correlation between adolescents’ dietary safety management competency and value recognition, efficacy, and competency of convergence using dietary area: a descriptive study
Yunhwa Kim, Yeon-Kyung Lee
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Relationship between the Intake of Children's Favorite Foods and Policy based on Special Act on Safety Control of Children's Dietary Life

Korean J Community Nutr. 2019;24(2):106-116. Published online April 30, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.2.106

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Relationship between the Intake of Children's Favorite Foods and Policy based on Special Act on Safety Control of Children's Dietary Life

Table 1

Social demographic characteristics of subjects

1) Mean ± S.D.

3) The data show only positive answer in this variable

Table 2

Frequency of children's favorite foods intake

1) Mean ± S.D. (converted to intake frequency per week, 0=not at all, 0.5=1~3 times a month, 2=1~3 times a week, 5=4~6 times a week, 7=once a day, 14=more than twice a day)

2) Cookie, biscuit (sweet snacks), potato chips etc. (salty snacks), cereal, cereal bar

3) Chocolate, chocolate bar, candy, jelly

4) Processed milk, carbonated drink, high-caffeinated drink, fruit flavor drink, others drink (ionic drink, vitamin drink etc.)

5) Fried chicken·chicken gangjeong, others fried (Fried squid etc.)

6) Skewers, Dumplings, dukbokki, hamburger, pizza

7) Gimbaps, sandwiches

Table 3

Comparison of children's favorite foods intake and social demographic variables

1) Mean ± S.D.; frequency of children's favorite foods intake per week

3) ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^**: p<0.001 by t-test

4) ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^**: p<0.001 by ANOVA

abc: Values with the different small letter superscript are significantly different among column by Duncan's multiple range test at p<0.05.

Table 4

Comparison of policy cognition, educational experience among clusters

1) Frequency of children's healthy favorite foods intake in clusters: low intake −7.3 ± 3.4 times per week, medium intake-18.1 ± 3.6 times per week, high intake-32.7 ± 6.2 times per week

2) Policy cognition consisted of policy perception, policy usefulness, policy necessity and buying intention; total score-23 points

3) Mean ± S.D. (policy perception: 10 points, policy usefulness: 4 points, policy necessity: 6 points, buying intention: 3 points, educational experience: 3 points)

^**: p<0.01, ^**: p<0.001 by ANOVA

abc: Values with the different small letter superscript are significantly different among row by Duncan's multiple range test at p<0.05.

Table 5

Comparison of policy cognition, educational experience among clusters

2) Policy cognition consisted of policy perception, policy usefulness, policy necessity and buying intention; total score-23 points

3) Mean ± S.D. (policy perception: 10 points, policy usefulness: 4 points, policy necessity: 6 points, buying intention: 3 points, educational experience: 3 points)

^*: p<0.05 by ANOVA

Table 6

Pearson correlation coefficient among frequency of children's favorite foods intake, policy cognition and educational experience

^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^**: p<0.001 by pearson correlation analysis

Table 1 Social demographic characteristics of subjects

1) Mean ± S.D.

3) The data show only positive answer in this variable

Table 2 Frequency of children's favorite foods intake

1) Mean ± S.D. (converted to intake frequency per week, 0=not at all, 0.5=1~3 times a month, 2=1~3 times a week, 5=4~6 times a week, 7=once a day, 14=more than twice a day)

2) Cookie, biscuit (sweet snacks), potato chips etc. (salty snacks), cereal, cereal bar

3) Chocolate, chocolate bar, candy, jelly

4) Processed milk, carbonated drink, high-caffeinated drink, fruit flavor drink, others drink (ionic drink, vitamin drink etc.)

5) Fried chicken·chicken gangjeong, others fried (Fried squid etc.)

6) Skewers, Dumplings, dukbokki, hamburger, pizza

7) Gimbaps, sandwiches

Table 3 Comparison of children's favorite foods intake and social demographic variables

1) Mean ± S.D.; frequency of children's favorite foods intake per week

3) ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^**: p<0.001 by t-test

4) ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^**: p<0.001 by ANOVA

abc: Values with the different small letter superscript are significantly different among column by Duncan's multiple range test at p<0.05.

Table 4 Comparison of policy cognition, educational experience among clusters

1) Frequency of children's healthy favorite foods intake in clusters: low intake −7.3 ± 3.4 times per week, medium intake-18.1 ± 3.6 times per week, high intake-32.7 ± 6.2 times per week

2) Policy cognition consisted of policy perception, policy usefulness, policy necessity and buying intention; total score-23 points

3) Mean ± S.D. (policy perception: 10 points, policy usefulness: 4 points, policy necessity: 6 points, buying intention: 3 points, educational experience: 3 points)

^**: p<0.01, ^**: p<0.001 by ANOVA

abc: Values with the different small letter superscript are significantly different among row by Duncan's multiple range test at p<0.05.

Table 5 Comparison of policy cognition, educational experience among clusters

2) Policy cognition consisted of policy perception, policy usefulness, policy necessity and buying intention; total score-23 points

3) Mean ± S.D. (policy perception: 10 points, policy usefulness: 4 points, policy necessity: 6 points, buying intention: 3 points, educational experience: 3 points)

^*: p<0.05 by ANOVA

Table 6 Pearson correlation coefficient among frequency of children's favorite foods intake, policy cognition and educational experience