Dasom Park; Hyun Joo Lee; Sook Mee Son

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.6.485

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Research Article
Effects of Low-Calorie Diet Including High Protein-Low Carbohydrate Protein Bar on Weight Loss and Serum Lipid Indicators in Overweight Women according to Dietary Compliance: Dasom Park, Hyun Joo Lee, Sook Mee Son; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2019;24(6):485-496.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.6.485
Published online: December 31, 2019

¹Department of Clinical Nutrition, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea, Internship.

²Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea, graduate student.

³Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea, Professor.

Corresponding author: Sook Mee Son. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, 43, Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Korea. Tel: (02) 2164-4318, Fax: (02) 2164-6583, sonsm@catholic.ac.kr

• Received: November 15, 2019 • Revised: December 6, 2019 • Accepted: December 8, 2019

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a 6-week low-calorie diet (LCD) program including high protein-low carbohydrate protein bar on weight loss, blood pressure, and blood lipid profile in 40 overweight women according to dietary compliance.
Methods
Subjects were 62 healthy overweight women (BMI ≥ 23.0 or body fat percentage ≥ 28%), aged 20~59 yrs who were provided a high protein-low carbohydrate protein bar (each 35 g, 154 kcal, protein energy %: 28.6%, carbohydrate energy %: 38.7%) as part of dinner for 6 weeks. Forty subjects who completed the whole diet program were categorized into high compliance (HC) group (days of eating protein bar ≥ 5 weeks) or low compliance (LC) group (days < 5 weeks).
Results
Energy intake significantly decreased from 1,867.5 kcal at baseline to 1,137.4 kcal at 6 weeks for the HC group and from 1,971.7 kcal to 1,362.2 kcal for the LC group, respectively. On the other hand, a significant increase in protein energy percentage was observed in each group (HC group: 3.5%, LC group: 2.2%). Both groups showed significant decreases in weight (HC group: 1.8 kg, LC group: 1.1 kg), BMI, fat mass, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. Reduction of body fat percentage and diastolic blood pressure were only observed in the HC group.
Conclusions
The inclusion of a high protein-low carbohydrate protein bar as part of a low-calorie diet for a short period can be effective to achieve weight loss and concomitantly improve blood cholesterol level without serious physiological side effects. More evident results can be achieved by eating a diet with low calorie diet including high protein-low carbohydrate protein bar for more than 5 weeks.
Keywords: high protein-low carbohydrate protein bar; weight loss; low calorie diet

REFERENCES

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Table 1

Nutritional profile of high protein-low carbohydratre protein bar^*

^* Ingredients: Isolated soybean protein, Brazil nut, Almond, Peanut, Lentils, Brown rice, Peanut butter, Fructo oligosaccharide, Honey, Grain syrup, Cranberry, Vanilla powder

^† Nutrients of protein bar were analyzed by SGS Korea (Seoul, Korea)

Table 2

General characteristics according to the group

Values are Mean ± SD or N (%)

1) P-value determeined by t-test for continuous variable and Fisher's exact test for categorical variable.

HC: High compliance

LC: Low compliance

Table 3

Changes of nutrient intake of each group comparing baseline, 3 weeks and 6weeks

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 4

Changes of body composition and blood pressure of each group comparing baseline, 3 weeks and 6weeks

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 5

Changes of serum indicators of each group comparing baseline and 6 weeks

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 6

Changes in length of activity of each group comparing baseline, 3 weeks and 6 weeks

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 7

Proportion of the subjects who reported the physiological side effects and difficulties at 6 weeks of the diet program

Values are n (%)

a) p-value determeined by Fisher exact test

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

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Effects of Low-Calorie Diet Including High Protein-Low Carbohydrate Protein Bar on Weight Loss and Serum Lipid Indicators in Overweight Women according to Dietary Compliance

Korean J Community Nutr. 2019;24(6):485-496. Published online December 31, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.6.485

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Effects of Low-Calorie Diet Including High Protein-Low Carbohydrate Protein Bar on Weight Loss and Serum Lipid Indicators in Overweight Women according to Dietary Compliance

Table 1

Nutritional profile of high protein-low carbohydratre protein bar^*

^* Ingredients: Isolated soybean protein, Brazil nut, Almond, Peanut, Lentils, Brown rice, Peanut butter, Fructo oligosaccharide, Honey, Grain syrup, Cranberry, Vanilla powder

^† Nutrients of protein bar were analyzed by SGS Korea (Seoul, Korea)

Table 2

General characteristics according to the group

Values are Mean ± SD or N (%)

1) P-value determeined by t-test for continuous variable and Fisher's exact test for categorical variable.

HC: High compliance

LC: Low compliance

Table 3

Changes of nutrient intake of each group comparing baseline, 3 weeks and 6weeks

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 4

Changes of body composition and blood pressure of each group comparing baseline, 3 weeks and 6weeks

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 5

Changes of serum indicators of each group comparing baseline and 6 weeks

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 6

Changes in length of activity of each group comparing baseline, 3 weeks and 6 weeks

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 7

Proportion of the subjects who reported the physiological side effects and difficulties at 6 weeks of the diet program

Values are n (%)

a) p-value determeined by Fisher exact test

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 1 Nutritional profile of high protein-low carbohydratre protein bar*

^* Ingredients: Isolated soybean protein, Brazil nut, Almond, Peanut, Lentils, Brown rice, Peanut butter, Fructo oligosaccharide, Honey, Grain syrup, Cranberry, Vanilla powder

^† Nutrients of protein bar were analyzed by SGS Korea (Seoul, Korea)

Table 2 General characteristics according to the group

Values are Mean ± SD or N (%)

1) P-value determeined by t-test for continuous variable and Fisher's exact test for categorical variable.

HC: High compliance

LC: Low compliance

Table 3 Changes of nutrient intake of each group comparing baseline, 3 weeks and 6weeks

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 4 Changes of body composition and blood pressure of each group comparing baseline, 3 weeks and 6weeks

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 5 Changes of serum indicators of each group comparing baseline and 6 weeks

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 6 Changes in length of activity of each group comparing baseline, 3 weeks and 6 weeks

Values are mean ± SD

Significantly different compared to baseline measurement by paired t-test. ^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001

HC: High compliance, LC: Low compliance

Table 7 Proportion of the subjects who reported the physiological side effects and difficulties at 6 weeks of the diet program