Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Original Articles

[English]
Evaluation of Nutrition Quotient and Related Factors in Preschool Children: Yeon Hyang Jung, Jung Hee Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(1):1-11. Published online February 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.1.1

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to evaluate the nutrition quotient (NQ) by gender and understand which factors influence NQ in preschool children.
METHODS
Subjects were 245 children (110 boys, 135 girls) aged 4-6 years and their parents. The questionnaire composed of demographic characteristics, eating behavior factors and the NQ questions. The NQ consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items and all items were grouped into 5 factors: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. Inbody J05, a measurement device that measures individual's body composition was used to measure children's anthropometric data. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 20) and the statistical differences in variables were evaluated by Student t-test, chi2-test, One-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.
RESULTS
The total NQ score of the subjects was 65.3. The NQ score of girls (67.0) was significantly higher than that of the boys (63.2) (p<0.01). The girls' average scores of NQ factors including diversity (p<0.01) and practice (p<0.05) were higher than those of the boys. The analysis of related-factors influencing NQ scores showed that there was a significant difference among the groups according to feeding methods during infancy (p<0.05), breast feeding group being the highest. Furthermore, the NQ score showed a significant difference depending on how to correct children's unbalanced diet as well as parents' nutrition knowledge. The NQ score of obesity group tended to be lower than that of underweight group although there was no significant difference.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall results indicated that the girls had better quality of diet and eating habits than the boys. Children and their parents need proper nutrition education and counseling to correct children's eating habits and to improve diet quality in kindergartens and in children care centers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Sung-Mi Cha, Soo-Youn Kim
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Dietary Behavior and Related Factors of Preschool Children in Seocheon-gun, Korea
Seung-Lim Lee, Sun-Im Won
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2022; 32(1): 34. CrossRef
Evaluation of dietary behaviors of preschool children in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do associated with the level of parents' health consciousness: using nutrition quotient for preschoolers (NQ-P)
Soo-Youn Kim, Sung-Mi Cha
Nutrition Research and Practice.2021; 15(2): 248. CrossRef
Development of nutrition quotient for elementary school children to evaluate dietary quality and eating behaviors
Jung-Sug Lee, Ji-Yun Hwang, Sehyug Kwon, Hae-Rang Chung, Tong-Kyung Kwak, Myung-Hee Kang, Young-Sun Choi, Hye-Young Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(6): 629. CrossRef
Evaluation of dietary behavior and investigation of the affecting factors among preschoolers in Busan and Gyeongnam area using nutrition quotient for preschoolers (NQ-P)
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Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(6): 596. CrossRef
Assessment of dietary behaviors among preschoolers in Daejeon: using Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P)
Hye-Jin Lee, Jin Hee Kim, SuJin Song
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(2): 194. CrossRef
Analysis of the types of eating behavior affecting the nutrition of preschool children: using the Dietary Behavior Test (DBT) and the Nutrition Quotient (NQ)
Hyeon Mi Sim, Youngshin Han, Kyung A Lee
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(6): 604. CrossRef
Evaluation of Dietary Behavior among Preschooler in Jecheon Area Using Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers
Sung Hee Min
Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science.2018; 34(4): 413. CrossRef
Evaluation of Dietary Behavior of Infants and Toddlers in Ganghwa County by Using Nutrition Quotient (NQ)
Eun-mi Kim
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2017; 27(1): 17. CrossRef
Nutritional status of 3~5 year old children attending kindergarten and childcare facilities: Using data from the 2010 and 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
Mi Yeon Park, Pil Sook Park
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(4): 361. CrossRef
The Infant and Child Growth Assistance System Based on a Smartphone
Ki-Won Byun, Joon-Gyu Kang
Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information.2016; 21(8): 95. CrossRef

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[English]
Survey on Health-related Factors, Nutrition Knowledge and Food Habits of College Students in Wonju Area: Seung Lim Lee, Sun Hee Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(2):96-108. Published online April 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.2.96

Abstract PDF PubReader

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to investigate health-related factors, nutrition knowledge and food habits of college students in Wonju.
METHODS
A total of 442 (male: 221, female: 221) college students were recruited and a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. The general characteristics, health-related factors, nutrition knowledge, and food habits were investigated and data were analyzed using SPSS WIN (ver 21.0).
RESULTS
The body mass index (22.9 kg/m2 vs 20.9 kg/m2, p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the males. The ratio of weight (p < 0.001) was significantly different between males and females. Health-related factor scores 'Exercise (p < 0.001)', 'Number of exercise (p < 0.001)', 'Times of exercise (p < 0.01)', 'Concerns about health (p < 0.05)', 'Health condition (p < 0.001)' were significantly higher in the males. 'Type of exercise (p < 0.001)' was significantly different between males and females. Score on 'Watching TV & computer games (p < 0.01)' was significantly higher in the females. Smoking (p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the males. Type of beverages consumed (p < 0.001) was significantly different between males and females. Nutrition knowledge score (11.8 vs 12.9, p < 0.05) was significantly higher in the females. Scores on 'Iron deficiency is leading to anemia (p < 0.01)' and 'carbonated beverages, such as coke, have no calorie (p < 0.05)' were significantly higher in the females. Food habits score (56.4 vs 53.7, p < 0.01) was significantly higher in the males. Scores on 'I have three meals a day (p < 0.01)', 'I have breakfast regularly (p < 0.001)', 'I have meals on time (p < 0.001)', 'I do exercise every day (p < 0.001)', 'I don't eat junk food often (p < 0.05)', 'I don't eat sweet food often (p < 0.05)', and 'I don't eat out often (p < 0.05)' were significantly higher in the males.
CONCLUSIONS
Nutritional education for college students is needed in order to improve their health and nutritional education program should be tailored to meet various needs of these students.

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Life stress, dietary attitudes, and frequency of snack intake for college students in Seoul and Gyeonggi area: the difference between male and female students
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The Relationships between Food Literacy, Health Promotion Literacy and Healthy Eating Habits among Young Adults in South Korea
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[English]
Health-related Factors and Nutritional Status in Shift-workers at Coffee Shops: Focused on Single Women in Twenties in Seoul: Seung Lim Lee, Soo Jin Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(5):467-477. Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.5.467

Abstract PDF PubReader

This study examined the health-related factors and nutritional status of 89 single women workers in their 20's who work night and day shift at the take-out coffee shops and the 89 single women office workers. The results of the study are summarized as follows: The shift-workers showed lower rate of office tenure (p < 0.001), income (p < 0.001), job satisfaction (p < 0.05), weight (p < 0.05), and higher rate of weight change (p < 0.001) than the non shift-workers. The shift-workers showed lower rate of of exercise (p < 0.001), sleeping hours (p < 0.01), and good health condition (p < 0.01), and higher rates of smoking (p < 0.001), presence of disease (p < 0.001), gastric and intestinal illnesses (p < 0.001) than the non shift-workers. More than 88.8% of the shift workers answered that they ate alone (p < 0.001). The shift workers showed lower rate of regularity of meal (p < 0.001), balanced diet (p < 0.001), and mealtime (p < 0.001), and higher rate of skipping breakfast (p < 0.001), consumption of salty and spicy food (p < 0.001), and overeating (p < 0.01) than the non shift-workers. The shift workers consumed (p < 0.001) less frequently rice, soup and side dishes, and more frequently noodles and snack, bread than the non-shift-workers. The shift workers showed lower rate of consumption of beer (p < 0.01), and higher rate of consumption of coffee (p < 0.001), tea (p < 0.01) and soju (p < 0.001) in once a week or more intakes than the non-shift-workers. The shift workers showed higher rate of consumption of carbohydrates (p < 0.05), and calcium (p < 0.05) and lower rate of consumption of protein (p < 0.05), fiber (p < 0.05), vitamin C (p < 0.05), and folate (p < 0.05) intakes than the non-shift-workers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Qualitative Study of the Awareness and Influencing Factors of the Dietary Habits of the Male and Female Workers' at a Manufacturing Facility in Gwangju
Ji Suk Yim, Young-Ran Heo
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(1): 12. CrossRef
Diet Pattern and Nutritional Status of Women Working in Call Centers of India
Meenakshi Mathur, Monika Harsh, Sumita Mathur
ETP International Journal of Food Engineering.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
The relationships between dietary behavior and health related factors according to shift work in nurses
Ji-Myung Kim, Bok-Hee Kang
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2014; 47(6): 416. CrossRef

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[English]
A Survey on Preferences for Vegetable Cooking Methods and Vegetable-aversion-related Factors among Elementary School Students in Kwangju and Chonnam Regions: Yu Kyong Ahn, Hee Kyong Ro; Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(5):531-544. Published online October 31, 2009

Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to survey multiple factors of aversion to vegetables and preferences for vegetable-related recipes in school meal services among elementary school children in order to help develop various menus and recipes for school meal services. Questionnaire survey was carried out with the study subjects, who were 401 children in 6th grade attending elementary schools in Chonnam and Kwangju metropolitan regions. Results from the survey can be summarized as follows: 65.1% of respondents answered they try to eat vegetables and other namul side dishes served in school meal service for health. As for the frequency of taking vegetables and namul side dishes out of daily meals, 47.4% of respondents chose 'once or twice'. The reasons for aversion to vegetables in boys were taste and cooking method, while girls were taste and feeling between teeth. In boys there were no differences between regions of Kwangju and Chonnam but the tendency of aversion to vegetables was significantly high in girls. As for the aspects of vegetable aversion of subjects, 46.9% of respondents took up 'black & purple' in the unfavorable color of vegetables. 49.1% in 'bitterness' and 39.2% in 'greasiness''were in terms of the aversive taste of vegetables. The aversive vegetable recipes were 58.6% in 'raw &seasoned' and the unfavorable feeling of vegetables were 53.1% in 'squashiness'. There were differences between regions of Kwangju and Chonnam with boys in color and cooking method in girls. Results from the survey on their preferences for vegetable recipes showed that leafy vegetables like crown daisy (raw/slightly seasoned) and pak choi (broth/pot stew) fell to the most aversive category, while bean sprouts (broth/pot stew) were chosen as the most favorable one. Among root begetables bell-flowers were found to belong to the least preferred recipe, while potatoes were proven to be most preferable in terms of recipes. As for fruit vegetables and other vegetables, all respondents didn't like 'fatsia shoots' vegetable and it's cooking method and they preferred 'green pumpkins (broth/pot stew)'. In respect of mushrooms, enoki mushroom (broth/pot stew) was found most preferred and had high tendency of preferences in boys and girls in Kwangju compared with Chonnam region. The study results indicated that respondents did not show big differences in factors influencing them to be averse to vegetables and their preferences for vegetable recipes depending on regions. In order to have high preference and intake in children's diets, it needs to study in reform of menu about using namul or vegetables mixed with meats and fruits that children preferred or applying roasted and fried other less than namul.

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[English]
Infant Feeding Practices and the Factors that Influence Feeding Practices among Women in Seoul and the Chungbuk Area: Ki Nam Kim, Tae Sun Hyun, Nam Mi Kang; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(3):288-301. Published online June 30, 2003

Abstract PDF: In order to obtain baseline data for the development of an educational program on breastfeeding, a survey was carried out to investigate infant feeding practices, the characteristics the subjects have in common, and the factors that influence the feeding methods among women in Seoul and the Chungbuk area. Subjects included 671 lactating mothers who visited public health centers or pediatric clinics between December 1999 and February 2000, and were interviewed using a questionnaire. The results were as follows : With respect to feeding methods, the incidence of breastfeeding, formula feeding, mixed feeding and formula feeding switched from breastfeeding was 20.6%, 29.8%, 11.6%, and 38.0%, respectively. With respect to the characteristics the subjects had in common, the incidence of women who planned their infants' feeding methods before pregnancy, during pregancy, and after delivery was 48.7%, 31.0%, and 20.3%, respectively. The incidence of women who started breastfeeding in the hospital after delivery was 38.8%. About seventy seven percet of the subjects had not previously attended an educational program on breastfeeding, and most of these wanted to participate in the future in an educational program to learn about breastfeeding. Some of the topics they were interested in were 'Nutritional Management for Sufficient Breast Milk' (60.3%), "Breast Care" (25.0%), and "Correct Nursing Positions" (9.8%). Most (88.2%) of the women who breastfeed suffered from physical discomforts including discomfort of the waist, and legs and discomfort due to cracked or sore nipples. "Insufficient breast milk" was the main reason for breastfeeding cessation or for switching to formula feeding. With respect to formula feeding practices, the main reasons for selecting a specific brand of formula were "the same brand the hospital used after delivery" (34.3%) and "an advertised brand" (23.3%). The strongest factor for promoting breastfeeding was "the support of husband or parents", next were "breastfeeding in the hospital after delivery" and "planning to breastfeed before pregnancy" in that order. The characteristics the subjects had in common relating to formula feeding were "mother's job", "high economic level", "Caesarian section" and "planning to breastfeed after delivery". In conclusion, it is recommended that breastfeeding be pro-moted, and educational programs be developed and offered as soon as possible to each group which had unfavorable attitudes toward breastfeeding. In addition, the monitoring and supervision of formula advertisements is required to protect consumers from the adverse effects of exaggerated advertising.

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