Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Original Articles

[English]
Comparison of Salinity and Sodium Content by the Salinity Measurement Frequency of Soups of Childcare Centers Enrolled in the Center for Children's Food Service Management in Daegu: Na Yeong Lee, Yeon Kyung Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2020;25(1):13-20. Published online February 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.1.13

OBJECTIVES
This study examined the salinity of soups provided at childcare centers by measuring the salinity for three years and providing basic data for sodium reduction.
METHODS
The soup salinity was measured using a Bluetooth salinity meter from January 2015 to December 2017 at 80 childcare foodservice establishments enrolled in the Suseong Center for Children's Foodservice Management in Daegu.
RESULTS
An analysis of the soup salinity each year showed that the salinity decreased significantly from 0.48% in 2015 to 0.41% in 2017, particularly in clear soups and soybean soups compared to other soups (P < 0.05). The salinity and sodium content in seafood soups (0.45% and 179.1 mg/100 g, respectively) were highest, followed by soybean soups (0.44%, 175.2 mg/100 g), with perilla seed soups containing the lowest (0.42%, 167.2 mg/100 g) (P < 0.05). The salinity was significantly higher in institutional foodservice establishments than small foodservice establishments (P < 0.001). The salinity and sodium content were the highest in foodservice establishments with a small number of measurements, and the salinity was the lowest in foodservice establishments with salinity measurements performed an average of 151 times each year (three times a week) or more (P < 0.05). The soup salinity was low in the order of winter, spring, summer, and autumn, and the salinity decreased significantly year by year in all seasons. (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The soup salinity was significantly lower in foodservice establishments where the salinity was measured more than three times a week, indicating that continuous salinity management is effective.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Sodium Reduction Practice and Importance-Performance Analysis of Sodium Reduction Methods in School Foodservice in Daegu
Su-Hyeon Kim, Eun-Kyung Shin, Yeon-Kyung Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(5): 386. CrossRef

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[English]
Salinity of Representative Korean Foods High in Sodium from Home Meals, Foodservices, and Restaurants: Lin Jiang, Damin Shin, Yeon Kyung Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(4):333-340. Published online August 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.4.333

Abstract PDF PubReader

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to analyze the salinity of representative Korean foods high in sodium to generate data for use as a fundamental resource for setting salinity standards in foods.
METHODS
A total of 480 foods from 16 representative Korean foods high in sodium were collected from 10 households, 10 industry foodservice establishments, and 10 Korean restaurants in four regions (Capital area, Chungcheong Province, Gyeongsang Province, and Jeolla Province) and analyzed for salinity.
RESULTS
Among the foods, stir-fried anchovies (4.07~4.45%) showed the highest salinity, followed by pickled onion (1.86~2.62%), cabbage kimchi (1.83~2.2%), braised burdock and lotus root (1.79~2.17%), and sliced radish kimchi (1.78~1.89%) (p < 0.001). The salinity of kimchi from home meals (2.2%) was significantly higher than that of foodservice (1.83%) and restaurant (1.93%) kimchi (p < 0.05). Salinity in each group of food was highest in kimchi (1.83~2.04%), followed by braised dishes (1.54~1.78%), steamed dishes (1.0~1.22%), stir-fried dishes (1.02~1.18%), and soup or stew (0.74~1.02%) (p < 0.001). The salinity of soup and stew from restaurants (1.02%) was significantly higher than that of home meal (0.84%) and foodservice (0.74%) soup and stew.
CONCLUSIONS
Determination of the salinity of representative Korean foods known to be high in sodium by eating place is expected to be useful to establishing guidelines for reduction of salinity.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Literature Review Study on Chronic Changes in Yukgaejang
Soon-Ah Choi, Bokyung Ryu, Lana Chung
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2020; 30(1): 1. CrossRef
Sodium Reduction Practice and Importance-Performance Analysis of Sodium Reduction Methods in School Foodservice in Daegu
Su-Hyeon Kim, Eun-Kyung Shin, Yeon-Kyung Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(5): 386. CrossRef
Comparison of the portion sizes of Korean adults across eating places: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2012–2016)
Hye-Sook Hong, Seon-Joo Park, Do-Kyung Lee, Hae-Jeung Lee
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(6): 676. CrossRef
Development of standards for reducing the sodium content and salinity of Korean fermented soybean sauces and representative Korean foods high in sodium
Lin Jiang, Eun-Kyung Shin, Jung-Sook Seo, Yeon-Kyung Lee
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(2): 185. CrossRef
Current status, perception and practicability of restaurant staffs related to reducing sodium use in Seongnam, Korea
So-Hyun Ahn, Jong Sook Kwon, Kyungmin Kim, Yoonna Lee, Hye-Kyeong Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(5): 475. CrossRef

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[English]
Measurements of Salinity and Salt Content by Menu Types Served at Industry Foodservice Operations in Daegu: Ji Ae Kim, Yun Hwa Kim, Moon Young Ann, Yeon Kyung Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(5):637-651. Published online October 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.5.637

Abstract PDF PubReader

The purpose of this study was to investigate salinity and sodium content in foods served at industry foodservice operations in selected workplaces in Daegu. The researcher collected 1,142 food items categorized into 22 menu item groups from lunch samples served at 100 industry foodservice operations and measured the salinity of the food items, and calculated sodium and salt contents from the salinity. In terms of salt content of one meal at each workplace, 46% of the meals were 3-<5 g, and only 3.0% of them were 1.7 g or less, which is one third of the daily target intake (5 g) presented by the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. In terms of sodium content, 35.3% of the meals were 1,000-< 1,500 mg (most), and only 2.5% of them were 667 mg or less, which is, again, one third of the daily target intake. As to the salinity of each menu item group, side dishes such as sauces, kimchi, seasoned vegetables, hard-boiled foods, and stir-fried foods were significantly higher, but the sodium content was not higher, because their quantity per serving was small. The salinity of foods with liquid such as stews, noodles, soups, and broths was relatively lower, but the sodium content was higher, because their quantity per serving was large. This indicates that an education program should be developed for foodservice workers who prepare food for the workplace regarding the development and promotion of various menus for reducing sodium content, in order to reduce sodium content in meals served by food service in the workplace.

Citations

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Comparison of Salinity and Sodium Content by the Salinity Measurement Frequency of Soups of Childcare Centers Enrolled in the Center for Children's Food Service Management in Daegu
Na-Yeong Lee, Yeon-Kyung Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(1): 13. CrossRef
Development of standards for reducing the sodium content and salinity of Korean fermented soybean sauces and representative Korean foods high in sodium
Lin Jiang, Eun-Kyung Shin, Jung-Sook Seo, Yeon-Kyung Lee
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(2): 185. CrossRef
The impact of vegan production on the kimchi microbiome
Michelle A. Zabat, William H. Sano, Damien J. Cabral, Jenna I. Wurster, Peter Belenky
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Salinity of Representative Korean Foods High in Sodium from Home Meals, Foodservices, and Restaurants
Lin Jiang, Damin Shin, Yeon-Kyung Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(4): 333. CrossRef
Study on Sodium Contents of Kindergarten Lunch Meals in Gyeoungsangbuk-do Area
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Korean journal of food and cookery science.2015; 31(4): 477. CrossRef
Sensory characteristics of Step-by-Step Sodium Reduction on Frequently used High Sodium Foods in the Institutional Food Service Industry
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Consumer Awareness and Interest Toward Sodium Reduction Trends in Korea
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Journal of Food Science.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Sodium Content and Nutrients Supply from Free Lunch Meals Served by Welfare Facilities for the Elderly in Gyeonggi-do
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Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(5): 478. CrossRef

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