Inkyung Baik; Chol Shin

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.3.315

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Association of Daily Sleep Duration with Obesity, Macronutrient Intake, and Physical Activity: Inkyung Baik, Chol Shin; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2011;16(3):315-323.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.3.315
Published online: June 30, 2011

Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea.

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.

Corresponding author: Chol Shin, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Korea University Ansan Hospital, 516 Gojandong, Danwongu, Ansan, Gyeonggido 425-707, Korea. Tel: (031) 412-5606, Fax: (031) 412-5604, chol-shin@korea.ac.kr

• Received: May 23, 2011 • Revised: June 16, 2011 • Accepted: June 20, 2011

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Abstract
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REFERENCES

Abstract

There are a few studies that reported the association of sleep duration with calorie intake and energy expenditure. Using cross-sectional data from a population-based prospective study, we evaluated the association of sleep duration with indicators of obesity including body mass index and waist circumference, calorie intake and its proportion of macronutrients, and physical activity. The study subjects were 4,226 male and female adults, who were aged 40 to 69 years and were free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia at baseline. Robust regression analysis was used to analyze associations. The study found that sleep duration is inversely associated with waist circumference, calorie intake, and percent of calories from fat intake and is positively associated with percent of calories from carbohydrate intake and physical activity. The inverse association between sleep duration and waist circumference was stronger among men than among women. The inverse association between sleep duration and calorie intake was stronger among women than among men and such association was also stronger among obese persons than those with a normal body mass index. The positive association between sleep duration and physical activity was strongly demonstrated regardless of sex or obesity. Physical activity is positively associated with sleep duration independent of potential confounding factors including age, sex, income, occupation, marital status, education, smoking status, waist circumference, calorie and macronutrient intake, and alcohol intake.
Keywords: sleep duration; obesity; calorie intake; macronutrient intake; physical activity

NOTES

This work was supported by a grant of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (budgets 2001-347-6111-221, 2002-347-6111-221) and by National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (2010-0007166).

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Table 1

Baseline characteristics across categories of daily sleep duration among 4,226 persons

1) Approximately corresponding to the government-set-minimum wage for a family of three persons

2) Abdominal obesity is defined as having waist circumference of 90cm or greater for men and of 85cm or greater for women

3) Average daily metabolic equivalents-hours

Table 2

Association of daily sleep duration with obesity, physical activity, and intake

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval, ^*: p-value < 0.05; ^**: p-value < 0.01

In a multivariate model, data are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, income (wage < 10⁶ Won/month, 10⁶ + Won/month), occupation (office workers or non-office workers and housework), marital status (married, other status), education (< 9 years, 9+ years), smoking status (non-smoker, current smoker; ≤ 10, 10 - 20, and >20 cigarettes/day), alcohol intake (lifetime abstainers, current abstainers, curent alcohol consumption; < 5.1 g, 5.1 - 15, 15.1 - 30, > 30 g/day), quintiles of physical activity (MET-hours/day), and quintiles of calorie intake; however, body mass index is not included as a covariate for waist circumference and calorie intake is not included for macronutrient intake.

1) percent of calorie, 2) grams per day

Table 3

Association of daily sleep duration with obesity, physical activity, and intake by sex

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval, ^*: p-value < 0.05; ^**: p-value < 0.01

In a multivariate model, data are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, income (wage < 10⁶ Won/month, 10⁶ + Won/month), occupation (office workers or non-office workers and housework), marital status (married, other status), education (< 9 years, 9+ years), smoking status (non-smoker, current smoker; ≤ 10, 10 - 20, and > 20 cigarettes/day), alcohol intake (lifetime abstainers, current abstainers, curent alcohol consumption; < 5.1 g, 5.1 - 15, 15.1 - 30, > 30 g/day), quintiles of physical activity (MET-hours/day), and quintiles of calorie intake; however, body mass index is not included as a covariate for waist circumference and calorie intake is not included for macronutrient intake.

1) percent of calorie, 2) grams per day

Table 4

Association of daily sleep duration with obesity, physical activity, and intake by the categories of obesity

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval, ^*: p-value < 0.05; ^**: p-value < 0.01

In a multivariate model, data are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, income (wage < 10⁶ Won/month, 10⁶ + Won/month), occupation (office workers or non-office workers and housework), marital status (married, other status), education (< 9 years, 9+ years), smoking status (non-smoker, current smoker; ≤ 10, 10 - 20, and >20 cigarettes/day), alcohol intake (lifetime abstainers, current abstainers, curent alcohol consumption; < 5.1g, 5.1 - 15, 15.1 - 30, >30 g/day), quintiles of physical activity (MET-hours/day), and quintiles of calorie intake; however, body mass index is not included as a covariate for waist circumference and calorie intake is not included for macronutrient intake.

1) percent of calorie, 2) grams per day

Table 5

Multivariate coefficients (95% CI) for obesity, physical activity, and intake in the association with daily sleep duration as an outcome

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval, ^**: p-value < 0.001

In a multivariate model, daily sleep duration (minutes/day) is fitted as a continuous variable with covariates including age, sex, waist circumference, income (wage < 10⁶ Won/month, 10⁶ + Won/month), occupation (office workers or non-office workers and housework), marital status (married, other status), education (< 9 years, 9 + years), smoking status (non-smoker, current smoker; ≤ 10, 10 - 20, and >20 cigarettes/day), alcohol intake (g/day), physical activity (MET-hours/day), calorie intake (kcal/day), and consumption of carbohydrate, fat, and protein (percent of calorie intake)

Figure & Data

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Association of Daily Sleep Duration with Obesity, Macronutrient Intake, and Physical Activity

Korean J Community Nutr. 2011;16(3):315-323. Published online June 30, 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.3.315

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Association of Daily Sleep Duration with Obesity, Macronutrient Intake, and Physical Activity

Table 1

Baseline characteristics across categories of daily sleep duration among 4,226 persons

1) Approximately corresponding to the government-set-minimum wage for a family of three persons

2) Abdominal obesity is defined as having waist circumference of 90cm or greater for men and of 85cm or greater for women

3) Average daily metabolic equivalents-hours

Table 2

Association of daily sleep duration with obesity, physical activity, and intake

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval, ^*: p-value < 0.05; ^**: p-value < 0.01

1) percent of calorie, 2) grams per day

Table 3

Association of daily sleep duration with obesity, physical activity, and intake by sex

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval, ^*: p-value < 0.05; ^**: p-value < 0.01

In a multivariate model, data are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, income (wage < 10⁶ Won/month, 10⁶ + Won/month), occupation (office workers or non-office workers and housework), marital status (married, other status), education (< 9 years, 9+ years), smoking status (non-smoker, current smoker; ≤ 10, 10 - 20, and > 20 cigarettes/day), alcohol intake (lifetime abstainers, current abstainers, curent alcohol consumption; < 5.1 g, 5.1 - 15, 15.1 - 30, > 30 g/day), quintiles of physical activity (MET-hours/day), and quintiles of calorie intake; however, body mass index is not included as a covariate for waist circumference and calorie intake is not included for macronutrient intake.

1) percent of calorie, 2) grams per day

Table 4

Association of daily sleep duration with obesity, physical activity, and intake by the categories of obesity

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval, ^*: p-value < 0.05; ^**: p-value < 0.01

In a multivariate model, data are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, income (wage < 10⁶ Won/month, 10⁶ + Won/month), occupation (office workers or non-office workers and housework), marital status (married, other status), education (< 9 years, 9+ years), smoking status (non-smoker, current smoker; ≤ 10, 10 - 20, and >20 cigarettes/day), alcohol intake (lifetime abstainers, current abstainers, curent alcohol consumption; < 5.1g, 5.1 - 15, 15.1 - 30, >30 g/day), quintiles of physical activity (MET-hours/day), and quintiles of calorie intake; however, body mass index is not included as a covariate for waist circumference and calorie intake is not included for macronutrient intake.

1) percent of calorie, 2) grams per day

Table 5

Multivariate coefficients (95% CI) for obesity, physical activity, and intake in the association with daily sleep duration as an outcome

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval, ^**: p-value < 0.001

Table 1 Baseline characteristics across categories of daily sleep duration among 4,226 persons

1) Approximately corresponding to the government-set-minimum wage for a family of three persons

2) Abdominal obesity is defined as having waist circumference of 90cm or greater for men and of 85cm or greater for women

3) Average daily metabolic equivalents-hours

Table 2 Association of daily sleep duration with obesity, physical activity, and intake

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval, ^*: p-value < 0.05; ^**: p-value < 0.01

1) percent of calorie, 2) grams per day

Table 3 Association of daily sleep duration with obesity, physical activity, and intake by sex

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval, ^*: p-value < 0.05; ^**: p-value < 0.01

In a multivariate model, data are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, income (wage < 10⁶ Won/month, 10⁶ + Won/month), occupation (office workers or non-office workers and housework), marital status (married, other status), education (< 9 years, 9+ years), smoking status (non-smoker, current smoker; ≤ 10, 10 - 20, and > 20 cigarettes/day), alcohol intake (lifetime abstainers, current abstainers, curent alcohol consumption; < 5.1 g, 5.1 - 15, 15.1 - 30, > 30 g/day), quintiles of physical activity (MET-hours/day), and quintiles of calorie intake; however, body mass index is not included as a covariate for waist circumference and calorie intake is not included for macronutrient intake.

1) percent of calorie, 2) grams per day

Table 4 Association of daily sleep duration with obesity, physical activity, and intake by the categories of obesity

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval, ^*: p-value < 0.05; ^**: p-value < 0.01

In a multivariate model, data are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, income (wage < 10⁶ Won/month, 10⁶ + Won/month), occupation (office workers or non-office workers and housework), marital status (married, other status), education (< 9 years, 9+ years), smoking status (non-smoker, current smoker; ≤ 10, 10 - 20, and >20 cigarettes/day), alcohol intake (lifetime abstainers, current abstainers, curent alcohol consumption; < 5.1g, 5.1 - 15, 15.1 - 30, >30 g/day), quintiles of physical activity (MET-hours/day), and quintiles of calorie intake; however, body mass index is not included as a covariate for waist circumference and calorie intake is not included for macronutrient intake.

1) percent of calorie, 2) grams per day

Table 5 Multivariate coefficients (95% CI) for obesity, physical activity, and intake in the association with daily sleep duration as an outcome