Mee Sook Lee

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.6.423

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Research Article
Quality of Nutrient Adequacy and Health-related Quality of life of the Rural Elderly: Mee Sook Lee; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2015;20(6):423-432.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.6.423
Published online: December 31, 2015

Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea.

Corresponding author Mee Sook Lee. Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea. Tel: (042) 629-8794, Fax: (042) 629-8789, meesook@hnu.kr

• Received: November 11, 2015 • Revised: December 21, 2015 • Accepted: December 21, 2015

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
In Korea, the percentage of elderly is increasing at an unprecedented rate, and is expected to account for 40% of the population by 2060. This massive demographic change stresses the importance of research on aging as it is necessary to improve the quality of life (QoL) of this population. This study aimed to examine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the rural elderly and to clarify its association with the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR).
Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed in S-gun, Chonbuk, a critical agricultural area. The elderly people without abnormal physical functioning composed our study population and the data were collected by personal visits to 336 elderly people aged over 65 years (110 males and 226 females). Subjects were interviewed with questionnaires pertaining to general characteristics and EuroQol (EQ-5D). Nutrient intakes were assessed two days by 24-hours recall method. Subjects were defined as high QOL group if EQ-5D index with Nam's model was above the median.
Results
Generally, EQ-5D index was lower in women than in man, and lower in older subjects than in younger subjects. The percentages of people below the median were 42% (low QoL group) and 58% (high QoL group) were found to be the above the median. The high QoL group had higher NAR, especially for vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and folate. All dimensions in the EQ-5D were affected by NAR of some nutrients and especially anxiety/depression dimension was significantly correlated with NAR of 5 nutrients (protein, calcium, iron, vitamin C and vitamin B1) and EQ-5D scores.
Conclusions
HRQol was significantly reduced in elderly with increasing age and this was more pronounced in women than in man. The NAR of some nutrients were associated with the EQ-5D index, especially anxiety/depression dimension, among rural elderly.
Keywords: quality of life (QoL); EQ-5D index; NAR; elderly

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the 2014 Hannam University Research Fund.

REFERENCES

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Table 1

QOL¹⁾ index of the subjects by age and gender

1) QOL index; quality of life index (EQ-5D index) [14]

2) p value of t-test between gender

3) Mean±SD (number of subjects)

4) p value of t-test between age group

^*: p < 0.05

Table 2

Distribution of subjects of QOL¹⁾ index group by age and gender

1) QOL index; quality of life index (EQ-5D index) [14]

2) p value of chi-square test

3) Number of subjects (%)

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Table 3

NAR¹⁾ of nutrients of subjects by QOL²⁾ index group

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) QOL index; quality of life index(EQ-5D index) [14]

3) Median of EQ-5D index is 0.9338

4) p value of t-test

5) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 4

NAR¹⁾ of nutrients of subjects by the degree of mobility

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) p value of t-test

3) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Table 5

NAR¹⁾ of nutrients of subjects by the degree of self-care

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) p value of t-test

3) Mean±SD

^**: p < 0.01

Table 6

NAR¹⁾ of nutrients of subjects by the degree of usual activities

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) p value of t-test

3) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05

Table 7

NAR¹⁾ of nutrients of subjects by the degree of pain/discomfort

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) p value of t-test

3) Mean±SD

^**: p < 0.01

Table 8

NAR¹⁾ of nutrients of subjects by the degree of anxiety/depression

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) p value of t-test

3) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Table 9

Correlations between intake of nutrients (% of RNI) and EQ-5D (EuroQol - 5 Dimension) of the subjects

1) EAR % (Estimated average requirement %), RNI (Recommended nutrient intake)

2) Pearson correlation coefficient

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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Quality of Nutrient Adequacy and Health-related Quality of life of the Rural Elderly

Korean J Community Nutr. 2015;20(6):423-432. Published online December 31, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.6.423

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Quality of Nutrient Adequacy and Health-related Quality of life of the Rural Elderly

Table 1

QOL¹⁾ index of the subjects by age and gender

1) QOL index; quality of life index (EQ-5D index) [14]

2) p value of t-test between gender

3) Mean±SD (number of subjects)

4) p value of t-test between age group

^*: p < 0.05

Table 2

Distribution of subjects of QOL¹⁾ index group by age and gender

1) QOL index; quality of life index (EQ-5D index) [14]

2) p value of chi-square test

3) Number of subjects (%)

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Table 3

NAR¹⁾ of nutrients of subjects by QOL²⁾ index group

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) QOL index; quality of life index(EQ-5D index) [14]

3) Median of EQ-5D index is 0.9338

4) p value of t-test

5) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 4

NAR¹⁾ of nutrients of subjects by the degree of mobility

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) p value of t-test

3) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Table 5

NAR¹⁾ of nutrients of subjects by the degree of self-care

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) p value of t-test

3) Mean±SD

^**: p < 0.01

Table 6

NAR¹⁾ of nutrients of subjects by the degree of usual activities

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) p value of t-test

3) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05

Table 7

NAR¹⁾ of nutrients of subjects by the degree of pain/discomfort

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) p value of t-test

3) Mean±SD

^**: p < 0.01

Table 8

NAR¹⁾ of nutrients of subjects by the degree of anxiety/depression

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) p value of t-test

3) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Table 9

Correlations between intake of nutrients (% of RNI) and EQ-5D (EuroQol - 5 Dimension) of the subjects

1) EAR % (Estimated average requirement %), RNI (Recommended nutrient intake)

2) Pearson correlation coefficient

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Table 1 QOL1) index of the subjects by age and gender

1) QOL index; quality of life index (EQ-5D index) [14]

2) p value of t-test between gender

3) Mean±SD (number of subjects)

4) p value of t-test between age group

^*: p < 0.05

Table 2 Distribution of subjects of QOL1) index group by age and gender

1) QOL index; quality of life index (EQ-5D index) [14]

2) p value of chi-square test

3) Number of subjects (%)

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Table 3 NAR1) of nutrients of subjects by QOL2) index group

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) QOL index; quality of life index(EQ-5D index) [14]

3) Median of EQ-5D index is 0.9338

4) p value of t-test

5) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 4 NAR1) of nutrients of subjects by the degree of mobility

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) p value of t-test

3) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Table 5 NAR1) of nutrients of subjects by the degree of self-care

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) p value of t-test

3) Mean±SD

^**: p < 0.01

Table 6 NAR1) of nutrients of subjects by the degree of usual activities

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) p value of t-test

3) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05

Table 7 NAR1) of nutrients of subjects by the degree of pain/discomfort

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) p value of t-test

3) Mean±SD

^**: p < 0.01

Table 8 NAR1) of nutrients of subjects by the degree of anxiety/depression

1) NAR; nutrient adequacy ratio; MAR: mean adequacy ratio

2) p value of t-test

3) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Table 9 Correlations between intake of nutrients (% of RNI) and EQ-5D (EuroQol - 5 Dimension) of the subjects