Chung Shil Kwak; Miyong Yon; Mee Sook Lee; Se In Oh; Sang Chul Park

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.142

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Investigation on Influencing Environmental Factors on Health Status of Korean Septuagenarians Dwelling in Longevity Region in Jeonla Province: Chung Shil Kwak, Miyong Yon, Mee Sook Lee, Se In Oh, Sang Chul Park; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2014;19(2):142-162.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.142
Published online: April 30, 2014

¹Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

²Nutrition Policy Team, Department of Health Industry & Policy, Korea Heallth Industry Development Institute, Chungwon, Korea.

³Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea.

⁴Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoil University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Chung Shil Kwak. Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, 199-1 Dongsoong-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-810, Korea. Tel: (02) 740-8506, Fax: (02) 742-0626, kwakcs@snu.ac.kr

• Received: December 27, 2013 • Revised: March 14, 2014 • Accepted: March 14, 2014

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
NOTES
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the critical environmental factors on healthy-aging of Korean people, we investigated the significant factors influencing health status of septuagenarians living in rural area of Jeonla province, known to be one of the representative longevity regions in Korea.
Methods
We divided subjects into healthy group (36M/25F) or poor-health group (26M/73F) based on self-reported health status, body mass index, a number of prescription, and blood test data. General characteristics, physical measurements, lifestyle, dietary behavior and nutrient intake, physical health and mental health data were statistically compared between the two groups.
Results
Average age was not different between healthy group and poor-health group in men and women, respectively. In men, significantly favorable factors to health were observed to be higher education, regular exercise, higher grip strength and walking function, body mass index (≥ 18.5 kg/m²), moderate frequency of drinking and eating-out, non-smoking, normal red blood cell (RBC) count, higher serum dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) level, good digestive function and appetite, normal hearing function, regular meals, adequate vegetable and fruit intake, diverse food intake, adequate energy and nutrients (protein, vitamin B₁, B₆, C and E, folate, niacin, P, Zn and K) intake, higher mini-nutrient status assessment (MNA) score and low level of depression. On the other hand, in women, those were literacy, living arrangement, moderate frequency of drinking, healthy teeth, higher grip strength and walking function, bone mineral density, normal RBC and white blood cell (WBC) count, higher DHEAS concentration, higher MNA score, normal cognition and memory function, having snack and adequate fruit intake.
Conclusions
These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase health-life expectancy of Korean old people living in rural areas.
Keywords: older adults; rural area; healthy-aging; health-life expectancy

NOTES

This work was supported by Ministry of Health and Welfare and Soonchang County in 2009 through Institute on Aging at Seoul National University

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Fig. 1

Flow chart of selection process of healthy or poor-health persons.

Table 1

Distribution of the initial volunteers in health status parameters

1) Mean ± SD, 2) n (%), 3) Body mass index, 4) Hemoglobin a1c, 5) Not significant, 6) Glutamic pyruvic transaminase, 7) Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

^***: p < 0.001

Table 2

General characteristics of the subjects

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Not significant, 3) n (%)

^*: p < 0.05

Table 3

Blood test and self-reported disease prevalence

1) n (%), 2) Low hemoglobin (< 13 g/dL for men, < 12 g/dL for women) or low hematocrit (< 38% for men, < 36% for women), 3) Mean ± SD, 4) Not significant, 5) GOT > 40 IU/L or GPT > 40 IU/L, 6) Red blood cell < 4.2 × 10⁶/mL for men, < 3.6 × 10⁶/mL for women, 7) White blood cell < 3.8 × 10³/mL for men, < 3.15 × 10³/mL for women, 8) Insulin-like growth factor, 9) High sensitive C-reactive protein, 10) Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate

Table 4

Life style and aging-associated basic functions

1) n (%), 2) Not significant

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 5

Physical measurement, muscle strength and bone mineral density

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Not significant, 3) Body mass index, 4) n (%), 5) Normal range of body fat (%): 19 ≤ and < 25 for men, 26 ≤ and < 30 for women, 6) Waist-hip circumstance ratio, 7) Normal range of WHR (%): < 95 for men, < 85 for women, 8) Bone mineral density

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 6

Dietary behavior

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Not significant, 3) n (%)

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 7

Average daily food intake, meal balance and diversity

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Not significant, 3) Dietary variety score, 4) Korean dietary diversity score: number of taken food group in a day from 6 food groups such as grain & potatoes, meat, eggs & fish, legumes, milk & its product, vegetables and fruits, 5) Meal balance

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 8

Average daily nutrient intakes

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Not significant, 3) Saturated fatty acid, 4) Monounsaturated fatty acid, 5) Polyunsaturated fatty acid

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 9

Proportions of daily energy and nutrient intakes to Korean dietary recommendation, mean adequacy ratio (MAR) and index of nutrient quality (INQ) of diet

1) Estimated energy requirement, 2) Mean ± SD, 3) Not significant, 4) Percent of subjects taking energy below 75% EER, 5) Estimated average requirement, 6) Percent of subjects taking nutrient below EAR, 7) Adequate intake, 8) Mean adequacy ratio of 13 nutrients established EAR, 9) n (%), 10) Number of nutrient taken below EAR, 11) Number of nutrient of which INQ < 1

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 10

Mini-nutrient status assessment, depression and cognitive function

1) Mini-nutrient status assessment, 2) Mean ± SD, 3) Not significant, 4) n (%), 5) Korean mini-mental status examination, 6) Geriatric depression scale

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Figure & Data

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Investigation on Influencing Environmental Factors on Health Status of Korean Septuagenarians Dwelling in Longevity Region in Jeonla Province

Korean J Community Nutr. 2014;19(2):142-162. Published online April 30, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.142

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Investigation on Influencing Environmental Factors on Health Status of Korean Septuagenarians Dwelling in Longevity Region in Jeonla Province

Fig. 1 Flow chart of selection process of healthy or poor-health persons.

Fig. 1

Investigation on Influencing Environmental Factors on Health Status of Korean Septuagenarians Dwelling in Longevity Region in Jeonla Province

Table 1

Distribution of the initial volunteers in health status parameters

1) Mean ± SD, 2) n (%), 3) Body mass index, 4) Hemoglobin a1c, 5) Not significant, 6) Glutamic pyruvic transaminase, 7) Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

^***: p < 0.001

Table 2

General characteristics of the subjects

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Not significant, 3) n (%)

^*: p < 0.05

Table 3

Blood test and self-reported disease prevalence

Table 4

Life style and aging-associated basic functions

1) n (%), 2) Not significant

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 5

Physical measurement, muscle strength and bone mineral density

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 6

Dietary behavior

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Not significant, 3) n (%)

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 7

Average daily food intake, meal balance and diversity

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 8

Average daily nutrient intakes

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Not significant, 3) Saturated fatty acid, 4) Monounsaturated fatty acid, 5) Polyunsaturated fatty acid

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 9

Proportions of daily energy and nutrient intakes to Korean dietary recommendation, mean adequacy ratio (MAR) and index of nutrient quality (INQ) of diet

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 10

Mini-nutrient status assessment, depression and cognitive function

1) Mini-nutrient status assessment, 2) Mean ± SD, 3) Not significant, 4) n (%), 5) Korean mini-mental status examination, 6) Geriatric depression scale

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 1 Distribution of the initial volunteers in health status parameters

1) Mean ± SD, 2) n (%), 3) Body mass index, 4) Hemoglobin a1c, 5) Not significant, 6) Glutamic pyruvic transaminase, 7) Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

^***: p < 0.001

Table 2 General characteristics of the subjects

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Not significant, 3) n (%)

^*: p < 0.05

Table 3 Blood test and self-reported disease prevalence

Table 4 Life style and aging-associated basic functions

1) n (%), 2) Not significant

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 5 Physical measurement, muscle strength and bone mineral density

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 6 Dietary behavior

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Not significant, 3) n (%)

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 7 Average daily food intake, meal balance and diversity

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 8 Average daily nutrient intakes

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Not significant, 3) Saturated fatty acid, 4) Monounsaturated fatty acid, 5) Polyunsaturated fatty acid

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 9 Proportions of daily energy and nutrient intakes to Korean dietary recommendation, mean adequacy ratio (MAR) and index of nutrient quality (INQ) of diet

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 10 Mini-nutrient status assessment, depression and cognitive function

1) Mini-nutrient status assessment, 2) Mean ± SD, 3) Not significant, 4) n (%), 5) Korean mini-mental status examination, 6) Geriatric depression scale