Soh-Yoon Yun; Young Hye Kwon; Jihyun Yoon

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.3.265

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Status of Maternal Nutrition in South and North Korea: Soh-Yoon Yun, Young Hye Kwon, Jihyun Yoon; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2016;21(3):265-273.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.3.265
Published online: June 30, 2016

¹Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

²Office of Nutrition Policy and Programs for North Korea, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Jihyun Yoon. Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea. Tel: (02) 880-8750, Fax: (02) 884-0305, hoonyoon@snu.ac.kr

• Received: April 27, 2016 • Revised: June 19, 2016 • Accepted: June 19, 2016

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
This study compared the nutritional status of child-bearing age women between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea).
Methods
The data presented in the DPRK Final Report of the National Nutrition Survey 2012 was utilized for the nutritional status and food intake of North Korean women. To produce the South Korean women's data comparable to those of North Korean women, the data from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey were analyzed and the data presented in the 2010 Report of the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards were utilized.
Results
The prevalence of maternal anemia (blood hemoglobin < 12.0 g/dL) was over 30% in all the age groups of North Korean women and 8.9%, 14.2%, 16.4% in 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 year old South Korean women, respectively. The prevalence of maternal protein-energy malnutrition (Mid-Upper Arm Circumference < 22.5 cm) was 25.2%, 21.4%, 21.8% in 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 year old North Korean women, respectively and less than 10% in all the age groups of South Korean women. Result of dietary diversity comparison showed that North Korean women consumed less food than South Korean women at all food groups: grains, fruits, vegetables, meat, and dairy. Percentage of North Korean women having consumed protein rich foods-meat and fish, eggs or dairy products-were much lower than those of South Korean women.
Conclusions
The striking disparity of nutritional status between South and North Korean women indicates that nutrition support for North Korean women is essential in the process of preparation for a unified nation.
Keywords: unified Korea; child-bearing aged women; KNHANS; DPRK National Nutrition Survey; health status

REFERENCES

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Fig. 1

Prevalence of anemia³⁾ among child-bearing age women in North and South Korea

1) Data from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Final Report of the National Nutrition Survey 2012 [1]

2) Analyzing the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012 [22]

3) Assessed by blood hemoglobin < 12.0 g/dL

Table 1

Distribution of study subjects by age groups in North and South Korea

1) Data from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Final Report of the National Nutrition Survey 2012 [1]

2) Analysis results of the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012 [22]

3) Data from the Size Korea report (6^th Korean Agency of Technology and Standards 2010) [23]

Table 2

Prevalence of protein and energy malnutrition¹⁾ among child-bearing age women in North and South Korea

1) Assessed by low mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) less than 22.5 cm

2) Data from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Final Report of the National Nutrition Survey 2012 [1]

3) Data from the Size Korea report (6^th Korean Agency of Technology and Standards 2010) [23]

4) Calculated assuming the increase in mid upper arm circumference proportional to the percentile

Table 3

Percentages of child-bearing age women having consumed respective food groups in North and South Korea

1) Data from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Final Report of the National Nutrition Survey 2012 [1]

2) Analysis results of the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012 [22]

3) Chrysanthemum leaves, spinach, broccoli, sea weed and other dark green vegetables

4) Pumpkin, carrots, sweet potatoes and other vitamin A rich vegetables (yellow or orange inside), apricot, peach (vitamin A rich fruits) and their juices

5) Other vegetables (cabbage, cucumber, tomato, eggplant, etc), other fruits (apple, pear, watermelon, etc) and their juices

6) Liver, kidney, heart or other organ meats

7) Inclusion of food items such as oil, butter, sweets, honey, biscuits, cakes, condiments and beverages etc.

8) Inclusion of food groups such as sugars, oils, beverage and alcohol, others

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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Status of Maternal Nutrition in South and North Korea

Korean J Community Nutr. 2016;21(3):265-273. Published online June 30, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.3.265

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Figure

We recommend

Status of Maternal Nutrition in South and North Korea

Fig. 1 Prevalence of anemia3) among child-bearing age women in North and South Korea 1) Data from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Final Report of the National Nutrition Survey 2012 [1] 2) Analyzing the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012 [22] 3) Assessed by blood hemoglobin < 12.0 g/dL

Fig. 1

Status of Maternal Nutrition in South and North Korea

Table 1

Distribution of study subjects by age groups in North and South Korea

1) Data from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Final Report of the National Nutrition Survey 2012 [1]

2) Analysis results of the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012 [22]

3) Data from the Size Korea report (6^th Korean Agency of Technology and Standards 2010) [23]

Table 2

Prevalence of protein and energy malnutrition¹⁾ among child-bearing age women in North and South Korea

1) Assessed by low mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) less than 22.5 cm

2) Data from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Final Report of the National Nutrition Survey 2012 [1]

3) Data from the Size Korea report (6^th Korean Agency of Technology and Standards 2010) [23]

4) Calculated assuming the increase in mid upper arm circumference proportional to the percentile

Table 3

Percentages of child-bearing age women having consumed respective food groups in North and South Korea

1) Data from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Final Report of the National Nutrition Survey 2012 [1]

2) Analysis results of the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012 [22]

3) Chrysanthemum leaves, spinach, broccoli, sea weed and other dark green vegetables

4) Pumpkin, carrots, sweet potatoes and other vitamin A rich vegetables (yellow or orange inside), apricot, peach (vitamin A rich fruits) and their juices

5) Other vegetables (cabbage, cucumber, tomato, eggplant, etc), other fruits (apple, pear, watermelon, etc) and their juices

6) Liver, kidney, heart or other organ meats

7) Inclusion of food items such as oil, butter, sweets, honey, biscuits, cakes, condiments and beverages etc.

8) Inclusion of food groups such as sugars, oils, beverage and alcohol, others

Table 1 Distribution of study subjects by age groups in North and South Korea

1) Data from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Final Report of the National Nutrition Survey 2012 [1]

2) Analysis results of the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012 [22]

3) Data from the Size Korea report (6^th Korean Agency of Technology and Standards 2010) [23]

Table 2 Prevalence of protein and energy malnutrition1) among child-bearing age women in North and South Korea

1) Assessed by low mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) less than 22.5 cm

2) Data from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Final Report of the National Nutrition Survey 2012 [1]

3) Data from the Size Korea report (6^th Korean Agency of Technology and Standards 2010) [23]

4) Calculated assuming the increase in mid upper arm circumference proportional to the percentile

Table 3 Percentages of child-bearing age women having consumed respective food groups in North and South Korea

1) Data from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Final Report of the National Nutrition Survey 2012 [1]

2) Analysis results of the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012 [22]

3) Chrysanthemum leaves, spinach, broccoli, sea weed and other dark green vegetables

4) Pumpkin, carrots, sweet potatoes and other vitamin A rich vegetables (yellow or orange inside), apricot, peach (vitamin A rich fruits) and their juices

5) Other vegetables (cabbage, cucumber, tomato, eggplant, etc), other fruits (apple, pear, watermelon, etc) and their juices

6) Liver, kidney, heart or other organ meats

7) Inclusion of food items such as oil, butter, sweets, honey, biscuits, cakes, condiments and beverages etc.

8) Inclusion of food groups such as sugars, oils, beverage and alcohol, others