Taejung Woo; Hye-Jin Lee; Kyoung Ae Lee; Seung Min Lee; Kyung-Hea Lee

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.2.165

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Gender Differences in Adolescents' Dietary Perceptions and Practices: Taejung Woo, Hye-Jin Lee, Kyoung Ae Lee, Seung Min Lee, Kyung-Hea Lee; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2016;21(2):165-177.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.2.165
Published online: April 30, 2016

¹Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea.

²Department of Practical Arts Education and Centre for Child Nutrition Education, Busan National University of Education, Busan, Korea.

³Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Woman's University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Kyung-Hea Lee. Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehakro, Uichang-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51140, Korea. Tel: (055) 213-3514, Fax: (055) 281-7480, khl@changwon.ac.kr

• Received: February 14, 2016 • Revised: March 28, 2016 • Accepted: April 25, 2016

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
This study attempted to compare adolescents' dietary behaviors and perceptions by gender in order to recommend useful strategies for nutrition interventions.
Methods
Subjects were 2,363 middle school (MS) and high school (HS) students. They completed a self-administered questionnaire on their interest in diet and health, dietary perceptions, nutrition knowledge, dietary practices, and dietary environment at home. Data were analyzed using t-test, χ²-test, and simple regression analysis by gender and by school groups.
Results
Overall, girls obtained higher scores than boys did for "interest" (MS: p<0.001; HS: p<0.01), "dietary perceptions" (MS: p<0.001; HS: p<0.01), and "knowledge" (MS: p<0.01; HS: p<0.001). Regarding "dietary practices," no gender differences were observed among MS students, however, among HS students, boys obtained higher scores-reflecting good practices-than girls did (p<0.01). In all subjects, dietary environment at home was strongly associated with dietary practice than other variables (MS boys: β=0.435, p<0.001; MS girls: β=0.492, p<0.001, HS boys: β=0.271, p<0.001; HS girls: β=0.429, p<0.001).
Conclusions
We observed gender differences in some of the variables such as knowledge and perception among adolescent students. Educational programs and core strategies that consider these gender differences need to be developed. Specifically, for girls, educational programs should focus on facilitating dietary recommendation adherence, whereas for boys, the program could focus on improving dietary knowledge and perceptions.
Keywords: dietary perception; dietary practice; adolescent

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (14162MFDS130).

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Table 1

Comparison of interest in diet and health between the groups (n=2,353)

1) Mean±SD (5 likert scale: '1' never through '5' very much)

^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001 by t-test

Table 2

Comparison of perception on dietary education between the school groups (n=2,353)

1) N (%)

2) Multiple response

^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001 by χ²-test

Table 3

Comparison of dietary perception between the groups (n=2,353)

※: The item was scored inversely

1) Mean±SD (5 likert scale: '1' strongly disagree through '5' strongly agree)

^*: P<0.05, ^**: P<0.01, ^***: P<0.001 by t-test

Table 4

Comparison of nutrition knowledge between the groups (n=2,353)

1) Mean±SD (Total score: 15, 1-right, 0-wrong), ^*: P<0.05, ^**: P<0.01, ^***: P<0.001 by t-test

Table 5

Comparison of dietary practices between the groups (n=2,353)

1) Mean±SD(5 likert scale: '1' strongly disagree through '5' strongly agree), ^*: P<0.05, ^**: P<0.01, ^***: P<0.001 by t-test

Table 6

Comparison of dietary environment at home between the groups (n=2,353)

1) N (%)

2) The variables were regrouped together as dietary environment at home in regression analysis. Each item was scored using 5 likert scale ('1' not at all through '5' always).

^*: P<0.05, ^**: P<0.01, ^***: P<0.001 by χ²-test

Table 7

Regression analysis between dietary practices and related variables (n=2,353)

Dependent variable: dietary Practice

1) Environment (breakfast frequency, availability of vegetables, availability of fruits and milk)

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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Gender Differences in Adolescents' Dietary Perceptions and Practices

Korean J Community Nutr. 2016;21(2):165-177. Published online April 30, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.2.165

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Gender Differences in Adolescents' Dietary Perceptions and Practices

Table 1

Comparison of interest in diet and health between the groups (n=2,353)

1) Mean±SD (5 likert scale: '1' never through '5' very much)

^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001 by t-test

Table 2

Comparison of perception on dietary education between the school groups (n=2,353)

1) N (%)

2) Multiple response

^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001 by χ²-test

Table 3

Comparison of dietary perception between the groups (n=2,353)

※: The item was scored inversely

1) Mean±SD (5 likert scale: '1' strongly disagree through '5' strongly agree)

^*: P<0.05, ^**: P<0.01, ^***: P<0.001 by t-test

Table 4

Comparison of nutrition knowledge between the groups (n=2,353)

1) Mean±SD (Total score: 15, 1-right, 0-wrong), ^*: P<0.05, ^**: P<0.01, ^***: P<0.001 by t-test

Table 5

Comparison of dietary practices between the groups (n=2,353)

1) Mean±SD(5 likert scale: '1' strongly disagree through '5' strongly agree), ^*: P<0.05, ^**: P<0.01, ^***: P<0.001 by t-test

Table 6

Comparison of dietary environment at home between the groups (n=2,353)

1) N (%)

2) The variables were regrouped together as dietary environment at home in regression analysis. Each item was scored using 5 likert scale ('1' not at all through '5' always).

^*: P<0.05, ^**: P<0.01, ^***: P<0.001 by χ²-test

Table 7

Regression analysis between dietary practices and related variables (n=2,353)

Dependent variable: dietary Practice

1) Environment (breakfast frequency, availability of vegetables, availability of fruits and milk)

Table 1 Comparison of interest in diet and health between the groups (n=2,353)

1) Mean±SD (5 likert scale: '1' never through '5' very much)

^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001 by t-test

Table 2 Comparison of perception on dietary education between the school groups (n=2,353)

1) N (%)

2) Multiple response

^*: p<0.05, ^**: p<0.01, ^***: p<0.001 by χ²-test

Table 3 Comparison of dietary perception between the groups (n=2,353)

※: The item was scored inversely

1) Mean±SD (5 likert scale: '1' strongly disagree through '5' strongly agree)

^*: P<0.05, ^**: P<0.01, ^***: P<0.001 by t-test

Table 4 Comparison of nutrition knowledge between the groups (n=2,353)

1) Mean±SD (Total score: 15, 1-right, 0-wrong), ^*: P<0.05, ^**: P<0.01, ^***: P<0.001 by t-test

Table 5 Comparison of dietary practices between the groups (n=2,353)

1) Mean±SD(5 likert scale: '1' strongly disagree through '5' strongly agree), ^*: P<0.05, ^**: P<0.01, ^***: P<0.001 by t-test

Table 6 Comparison of dietary environment at home between the groups (n=2,353)

1) N (%)

2) The variables were regrouped together as dietary environment at home in regression analysis. Each item was scored using 5 likert scale ('1' not at all through '5' always).

^*: P<0.05, ^**: P<0.01, ^***: P<0.001 by χ²-test

Table 7 Regression analysis between dietary practices and related variables (n=2,353)

Dependent variable: dietary Practice

1) Environment (breakfast frequency, availability of vegetables, availability of fruits and milk)