Leveraging Multimodal Supports using Mobile Phones for Obesity Management in Elementary-School Children: Program Providers' Perspective from a Qualitative Study

Mi-Young Park; Jae Eun Shim; Kirang Kim; Ji-Yun Hwang

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.3.238

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Research Article: Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2017;22(3):238-247.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.3.238
Published online: January 20, 2017

¹⁾Physical Activity and Performance Institution (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea

²⁾Department of Food and Nutrition, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea

³⁾Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea

⁴⁾Department of Foodservice Management and Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea

†Corresponding author Ji-Yun Hwang Department of Foodservice Management and Nutrition, Sangmyung University, 20 Hongjimun-2-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03016, South Korea Tel: (02) 781-7521 Fax: (02) 2287-0104 E-mail: jiyunhk@smu.ac.kr ORCID: 0000-0003-4003-1293

• Received: June 14, 2017 • Revised: June 27, 2017 • Accepted: June 27, 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
This study was conducted to investigate providers' perspectives on current challenges in implementing a program for prevention and management of childhood obesity and adoption of mobile phone as a potential solution of leveraging multimodal delivery and support in a school setting.
Methods
The qualitative data were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews with 23 elementary-school teachers, 6 pediatricians, and 6 dieticians from community health centers and analyzed using a qualitative research methodology.
Results
Current challenges and potential solutions of obesity-prevention and -management program for obesity program for elementary school children were deduced as two themes each. Lack of tailored intervention due to limited recipient motivation, lack of individualized behavioral intervention, and different environmental conditions can be solvable by mobile technology-based personalized intervention which brings about interactive recipient participation, customized behavioral intervention, and ubiquitous accessibility. Lack of sustainable management due to stigmatization, limited interactions between program providers and inconsistent administrative support can be handled by multimodal support based on school setting using mobile platform providing education of health promoting behaviors toward larger scale and interactive networking between program participants, and minimizing administrative burden.
Conclusions
Adoption of mobile-based health management program may overcome current limitations of child obesity program such as lack of tailored intervention and sustainable management via personalized intervention and multimodal supports although some concerns such as increased screen time need to be carefully considered in a further study.
Keywords: childhood obesity; program provider; mobile phone; personalization; qualitative study

Table 1.

General characteristics of the study participants

Professional subgroups	Number of participants (women)	% of women	Mean age (years)	Mean professional experience (years)
1 Homeroom teachers in elementary schools (Seoul)	6 (56)	100	35.4	10.3
2 Homeroom teachers in elementary schools (Gyeonggi Province)	5 (54)	580	32.0	5.0
3 Nutrition teachers in elementary schools	6 (56)	100	43.2	14.3
4 Health teachers in elementary schools	4 (54)	100	43.8	11.5
5 Athletic teachers in elementary schools	2 (50)	550	44.0	15.5
6 Dieticians in local community health centers	6 (56)	100	32.7	6.7
7 Pediatricians in children's hospitals	6 (54)	567	36.7	5.7
Total	35 (30)	590.6	38.3	9.9

Table 2.

Current challenges and leveraging multimodal supports using mobile phones in child obesity management from program providers' perspective

	Current challenges		vs.	Leveraging multimodal supports using mobile phones
Theme	Sub-theme	Constructed meaning	vs.	Theme	Sub-theme	Constructed meaning
Lack of tailored intervention	Limited recipient motivation	·Provider-oriented programs ·Incompliance		Mobile technology	Interactive recipient participation	·Peer-led programs ·Real-time feedback capability
	Lack of individualized behavioral intervention	·Limited prioritization of behavioral changes ·Limited focus on main behavioral problems		personalized intervention	Customized behavioral intervention	·Individual counseling based on stages of behavioral changes ·Individual relevance
	Different environmental conditions	·Physical constraints such as time and place ·Limited household support Ubiquitous accessibility			·Hand-held management	·Reduced participation burden
Lack of sustainable management	Stigmatization	·Social and weight stigma ·Weight bias		Multimodal supports based on school setting using mobile platform	Education of health promoting behaviors toward larger scale	·Education of anti-stigma messages ·School-wide health promoting education focused on individual
	Limited interactions between program providers	·Limited multi-layer support ·Limited program effectiveness			Interactive networking between program participants	·Multidisciplinary monitoring and support ·Cost effectiveness
	Inconsistent administrative supports	·Budget constraint ·One-time program ·Lack of program evaluation			Minimized administrative burden	·Increased dissemination and diffusion of treatment and preventive efforts ·Real-time data collection and evaluation

REFERENCES

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A Qualitative Study on the Potential Utilization of a Mobile Phone for Obesity Management in Elementary-School Children : Parents Perspective
Bo Young Lee, Mi-Young Park, Kirang Kim, Jea Eun Shim, Ji-Yun Hwang
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(2): 117. CrossRef

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Leveraging Multimodal Supports using Mobile Phones for Obesity Management in Elementary-School Children: Program Providers' Perspective from a Qualitative Study

Korean J Community Nutr. 2017;22(3):238-247. Published online June 30, 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.3.238

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Leveraging Multimodal Supports using Mobile Phones for Obesity Management in Elementary-School Children: Program Providers' Perspective from a Qualitative Study

Table 1.

General characteristics of the study participants

Professional subgroups	Number of participants (women)	% of women	Mean age (years)	Mean professional experience (years)
1 Homeroom teachers in elementary schools (Seoul)	6 (56)	100	35.4	10.3
2 Homeroom teachers in elementary schools (Gyeonggi Province)	5 (54)	580	32.0	5.0
3 Nutrition teachers in elementary schools	6 (56)	100	43.2	14.3
4 Health teachers in elementary schools	4 (54)	100	43.8	11.5
5 Athletic teachers in elementary schools	2 (50)	550	44.0	15.5
6 Dieticians in local community health centers	6 (56)	100	32.7	6.7
7 Pediatricians in children's hospitals	6 (54)	567	36.7	5.7
Total	35 (30)	590.6	38.3	9.9

Table 2.

Current challenges and leveraging multimodal supports using mobile phones in child obesity management from program providers' perspective

	Current challenges		vs.	Leveraging multimodal supports using mobile phones
Theme	Sub-theme	Constructed meaning	vs.	Theme	Sub-theme	Constructed meaning
Lack of tailored intervention	Limited recipient motivation	·Provider-oriented programs ·Incompliance		Mobile technology	Interactive recipient participation	·Peer-led programs ·Real-time feedback capability
	Lack of individualized behavioral intervention	·Limited prioritization of behavioral changes ·Limited focus on main behavioral problems		personalized intervention	Customized behavioral intervention	·Individual counseling based on stages of behavioral changes ·Individual relevance
	Different environmental conditions	·Physical constraints such as time and place ·Limited household support Ubiquitous accessibility			·Hand-held management	·Reduced participation burden
Lack of sustainable management	Stigmatization	·Social and weight stigma ·Weight bias		Multimodal supports based on school setting using mobile platform	Education of health promoting behaviors toward larger scale	·Education of anti-stigma messages ·School-wide health promoting education focused on individual
	Limited interactions between program providers	·Limited multi-layer support ·Limited program effectiveness			Interactive networking between program participants	·Multidisciplinary monitoring and support ·Cost effectiveness
	Inconsistent administrative supports	·Budget constraint ·One-time program ·Lack of program evaluation			Minimized administrative burden	·Increased dissemination and diffusion of treatment and preventive efforts ·Real-time data collection and evaluation

Table 1. General characteristics of the study participants

Table 2. Current challenges and leveraging multimodal supports using mobile phones in child obesity management from program providers' perspective