, 홍지연2)
, 한영희3)
, 공보정1)
, 장몽원4)
, 나우리5)
, 손정민6)
, 현태선7),†
, Jiyoun Hong2)
, Young Hee Han3)
, Bo Jeong Gong1)
, Meng Yuan Zhang4)
, Woori Na5)
, Cheongmin Sohn6)
, Taisun Hyun7),†
1)충북대학교 식품영양학과, 박사과정생
2)고려대학교 식품생명공학과, 교수
3)충북대학교 식품영양학과, 초빙교수
4)충북대학교 식품영양학과, 석사졸업생
5)원광대학교 식품영양학과, 초빙교수
6)원광대학교 식품영양학과, 교수
7)충북대학교 식품영양학과, 교수
1)Doctoral student, Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
2)Professor, Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
3)Invited professor, Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
4)Master’s graduate, Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
5)Invited professor, Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
6)Professor, Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
7)Professor, Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
© 2023 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition
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| Total (n = 235) | UPG (n = 105) | MDG (n = 59) | LG (n = 71) | P-value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall |
3.6 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 0.7a | 3.6 ± 0.6b | 3.3 ± 0.8c | < 0.001 |
| Dietary coaching app | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 0.8a | 3.6 ± 0.6b | 3.3 ± 0.8c | < 0.001 |
| Smartband | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 1.0a | 3.4 ± 0.8ab | 3.2 ± 1.0b | 0.014 |
| Total (n = 235) | UPG (n = 105) | MDG (n = 59) | LG (n = 71) | P-value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Easiness of performing given tasks | |||||
| Easy | 23 (9.8) | 19 (18.1) | 2 (3.4) | 2 (2.8) | < 0.001 |
| Neutral | 103 (43.8) | 50 (47.6) | 30 (50.8) | 23 (32.4) | |
| Difficult | 109 (46.4) | 36 (34.3) | 27 (45.8) | 46 (64.8) | |
| Helpfulness in improving dietary habits | |||||
| Helpful | 169 (71.9) | 88 (83.8) | 39 (66.1) | 42 (59.1) | 0.001 |
| Neutral | 55 (23.4) | 14 (13.3) | 19 (32.2) | 22 (31.0) | |
| Not helpful | 11 (4.7) | 3 (2.9) | 1 (1.7) | 7 (9.9) | |
| Helpfulness in weight control | |||||
| Helpful | 141 (60.0) | 79 (75.2) | 35 (59.3) | 27 (38.0) | < 0.001 |
| Neutral | 65 (27.7) | 21 (20.0) | 20 (33.9) | 24 (33.8) | |
| Not helpful | 29 (12.3) | 5 (4.8) | 4 (6.8) | 20 (28.2) | |
| Comments on the duration | |||||
| Hope to be longer | 49 (20.8) | 30 (28.6) | 10 (17.0) | 9 (12.7) | 0.007 |
| Adequate | 152 (64.7) | 68 (64.7) | 38 (64.4) | 46 (64.8) | |
| Hope to be shorter | 34 (14.5) | 7 (6.7) | 11 (6.7) | 16 (18.6) | |
| Willingness to rejoin or recommend the program to others | |||||
| Yes | 168 (71.5) | 85 (81.0) | 44 (74.6) | 39 (54.9) | 0.001 |
| No | 67 (28.5) | 20 (19.0) | 15 (25.4) | 32 (45.1) | |
| Willingness to pay for the program |
|||||
| Yes | 82 (48.8) | 50 (58.8) | 19 (43.2) | 13 (33.3) | 0.021 |
| No | 86 (51.2) | 35 (41.2) | 25 (56.8) | 26 (66.7) |
| Total (n = 235) | UPG (n = 105) | MDG (n = 59) | LG (n = 71) | P-value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary coaching app | |||||
| 1:1 chatting with dietary coach |
3.3 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 0.9a | 3.1 ± 0.9b | 3.2 ± 1.0b | 0.013 |
| Usage in general | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 0.8a | 3.1 ± 0.8b | 2.9 ± 0.8b | < 0.001 |
| Diet record | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 1.0a | 2.8 ± 0.9a | 2.2 ± 0.9b | < 0.001 |
| Group activity (post comments) | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 0.261 |
| Smartband | |||||
| Measure body fat once a week | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 3.5 ± 1.0a | 2.9 ± 0.9b | 2.5 ± 1.0c | < 0.001 |
| Connect to the smartphone once a day | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 3.4 ± 1.0a | 2.8 ± 0.9b | 2.5 ± 1.1c | < 0.001 |
| Wear a smartband everyday | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 1.1a | 2.7 ± 1.1b | 2.2 ± 1.0c | < 0.001 |
| Total (n = 235) | UPG (n = 105) | MDG (n = 59) | LG (n = 71) | P-value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helpfulness in improving dietary habits | |||||
| Dietary coaching app | |||||
| Diet record |
3.8 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 0.7a | 3.8 ± 0.7b | 3.4 ± 0.8c | < 0.001 |
| 1:1 chatting with dietary coach | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 4.0 ± 0.7a | 3.5 ± 0.8b | 3.3 ± 0.9b | < 0.001 |
| Nutrition Information | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 0.8a | 3.7 ± 0.6a | 3.4 ± 0.9b | < 0.001 |
| Group activity (post comments) | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 0.187 |
| Smartband | |||||
| Wear a smartband everyday | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 3.8 ± 1.0a | 3.5 ± 0.8a | 3.2 ± 1.0b | < 0.001 |
| Measure body fat once a week | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 3.7 ± 1.0a | 3.5 ± 0.8ab | 3.2 ± 1.0b | 0.001 |
| Other | |||||
| Willpower to improve dietary habits | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 3.9 ± 0.9a | 3.6 ± 0.8a | 3.3 ± 1.1b | < 0.001 |
| Support from family | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 3.4 ± 0.9a | 3.0 ± 0.9b | 2.8 ± 0.9b | < 0.001 |
| Support from colleagues | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 0.106 |
| Incentives | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 3.2 ± 1.1a | 2.9 ± 0.9ab | 2.8 ± 0.8b | 0.013 |
| Helpfulness in weight control | |||||
| Dietary coaching app | |||||
| Diet record | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 0.7a | 3.7 ± 0.7b | 3.5 ± 1.0b | < 0.001 |
| 1:1 chatting with dietary coach | 3.6 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 0.7a | 3.4 ± 0.7b | 3.3 ± 0.9b | < 0.001 |
| Nutrition Information | 3.6 ± 0.8 | 3.8 ± 0.8a | 3.5 ± 0.7b | 3.3 ± 1.0b | < 0.001 |
| Group activity | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 0.347 |
| Smartband | |||||
| Wearing a smartband | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 3.8 ± 1.0a | 3.4 ± 0.9b | 3.1 ± 0.9b | < 0.001 |
| Measurement of body fat | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 3.7 ± 1.0a | 3.4 ± 0.9a | 3.1 ± 1.1b | < 0.001 |
| Other | |||||
| Willpower to control weight | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 3.9 ± 0.8a | 3.7 ± 0.7a | 3.2 ± 1.0b | < 0.001 |
| Support from family | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 3.3 ± 1.0a | 2.9 ± 0.9b | 2.8 ± 0.9b | 0.001 |
| Support from colleagues | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 3.2 ± 1.0a | 3.1 ± 0.8ab | 2.8 ± 1.0b | 0.034 |
| Incentives | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 3.2 ± 1.0a | 2.9 ± 0.8ab | 2.7 ± 0.9b | 0.006 |
| Total (n = 235) | UPG (n = 105) | MDG (n = 59) | LG (n = 71) | P-value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Improving dietary habits | |||||
| Company dinner or meeting | 139 (59.1) |
66 (62.8) | 39 (66.1) | 34 (47.9) | 0.014 |
| Special occasions (holidays) | 66 (28.1) | 27 (25.8) | 19 (32.2) | 20 (28.2) | |
| Lack of time | 65 (27.7) | 19 (18.1) | 19 (32.2) | 27 (38.0) | |
| Eating out | 64 (27.2) | 35 (33.3) | 17 (28.8) | 12 (16.9) | |
| Difficulty in changing habits | 49 (20.9) | 25 (23.8) | 8 (13.6) | 16 (22.5) | |
| Lack of willpower | 46 (19.6) | 14 (13.3) | 10 (16.9) | 22 (31.0) | |
| Limited meal options in foodservice | 25 (10.6) | 16 (15.2) | 4 (6.7) | 5 (7.0) | |
| Other | 16 (6.8) | 8 (7.6) | 2 (3.4) | 6 (8.5) | |
| Exercise | |||||
| Fatigue | 151 (64.2) | 67 (63.8) | 40 (67.8) | 44 (62.0) | 0.132 |
| Lack of time | 117 (49.8) | 51 (48.6) | 29 (49.2) | 37 (52.1) | |
| Lack of willpower | 116 (49.4) | 41 (39.0) | 35 (59.3) | 40 (56.3) | |
| Weather (hot, rainy) | 44 (18.7) | 28 (26.7) | 4 (6.8) | 12 (16.9) | |
| Lack of places to exercise | 15 (6.4) | 8 (7.6) | 3 (5.1) | 4 (5.6) | |
| Other | 27 (11.5) | 15 (14.3) | 7 (11.9) | 5 (7.0) |
| Variables | Total (n = 235) | UPG (n = 105) | MDG (n = 59) | LG (n = 71) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health care program |
4.0 ± 0.8 | 4.2 ± 0.7a | 3.9 ± 0.8b | 3.8 ± 0.8b | 0.002 |
| Exercise program | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 4.0 ± 0.7 | 0.538 |
| Mental health care program | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 4.2 ± 0.7a | 3.9 ± 0.8b | 4.1 ± 0.7ab | 0.044 |
| Dietary management program | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 4.0 ± 0.7a | 3.7 ± 0.8b | 3.9 ± 0.7ab | 0.013 |
| Chronic disease management program | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 0.7 | 0.222 |
| Smoking cessation or alcohol reduction program | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 0.515 |
Mean ± SD Engagement level was calculated by scoring the usage data of the dietary coaching app and smartband, and was categorized into three groups: UPG, MDG, and LG. The responses were based on a 5-point Likert scale: 1 = very dissatisfied, 2 = dissatisfied, 3 = neutral, 4 = satisfied, and 5 = very satisfied. UPG: upper group, MDG: median group, LG: lower group
n (%) Engagement level was calculated by scoring the usage data of the dietary coaching app and smartband, and was categorized into three groups: UPG, MDG, and LG. Among those who responded that they would re-engage (n = 168). UPG: upper group, MDG: median group, LG: lower group
Mean ± SD Engagement level was calculated by scoring the usage data of the dietary coaching app and smarband, and was categorized into three groups: UPG, MDG, and LG. The responses were based on a 5-point Likert scale: 1 = very difficult, 2 = difficult, 3 = neutral, 4 = easy, and 5 = very easy. UPG: upper group, MDG: median group, LG: lower group
Mean ± SD Engagement level was calculated by scoring the usage data of the dietary coaching app and smartband, and was categorized into three groups: UPG, MDG, and LG. The responses were based on a 5-point Likert scale: 1 = not helpful at all, 2 = not helpful, 3 = neutral, 4 = helpful, and 5 = very helpful. UPG: upper group, MDG: median group, LG: lower group
n (%) Engagement level was calculated by scoring the usage data of the dietary coaching app and smartband, and was categorized into three groups: UPG, MDG, and LG. Two responses were selected per person, and the percentage was calculated by dividing the number of responses by the total number of people and multiplying by 100. UPG: upper group, MDG: median group, LG: lower group
Mean ± SD Engagement level was calculated by scoring the usage data of the dietary coaching app and smarband, and was categorized into three groups: UPG, MDG, and LG. The responses were based on a 5-point Likert scale: 1 = extremely unnecessary, 2 = unnecessary, 3 = neutral, 4 = necessary, and 5 = extremely necessary. UPG: upper group, MDG: median group, LG: lower group
