Hye-Sang Lee

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.2.136

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The Factors Influencing the Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adult Men : Based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010~2011 Data: Hye-Sang Lee; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2017;22(2):136-144.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.2.136
Published online: April 30, 2017

Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, Korea.

Corresponding author: Hye-Sang Lee. Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, 1375 Gyeongdongro, Andong 36729, Korea. Tel: (054) 820-5493, Fax: (054) 823-1625, hslee@anu.ac.kr

• Received: February 27, 2017 • Revised: April 12, 2017 • Accepted: April 12, 2017

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine which factors influence the bone mineral density (BMD) of total femur (TF), femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) of the adult men by analyzing nationally representative Korean survey data.
Methods
This study was conducted based on the data of 1,770 men aged 19-64 years from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), 2010~2011. The BMD was analyzed by various factors (general characteristics, anthropometric data, health habits, chronic diseases, nutrient intake status). SPSS statistics for complex samples was used to analyze the data.
Results
We observed that the BMD decreased significantly with aging. The BMD in each of the second lowest quartile of waist circumference (in TF & FN) and body mass index (in TF & LS) was lower than the respective BMD in the highest quartile group. The BMD in FN was higher in the group who reported the weight training. The BMD in LS was lower in hypercholesterolemia group than in the normal group. The BMD in TF, FN and LS was lower in hypertriglyceridemia group and in diabetes group than in the normal group. The BMD in TF, FN and LS was higher in the group with < Estimated Average Requirement iron intake. But there was no evidence to suggest that the BMD was related with educational level, income level, smoking, alcohol intake, anemia and nutrient intake status (except for iron).
Conclusions
This study suggested that aging, waist circumference, body mass index, weight training, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglycemia, diabetes were site-specifically associated with the BMD in TF, FN and LS in the adult men. These bone site-specific factors need to be considered for the prevention of osteoporosis.
Keywords: KNHANES 2010~2011; the adult men; the bone mineral density

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from 2016 Research Funds of Andong National University.

REFERENCES

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Table 1

Bone mineral density (g/cm²) in total femur, femoral neck and lumbar spine of subjects according to general characteristics of the study population

1) Mean±SE by GLM analysis

2) p value for overall Wald F test for this variable from GLM

3) Adjusted per capita income (monthly household income/√number of household members) grouped by gender and by age (5years span)

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p <0.001

a,b,c,d: Different superscript letters in a column indicate significant difference among groups by Bonferroni's test at α=0.05

Table 2

Bone mineral density in total femur, femoral neck and lumbar spine of subjects according to the anthropometric quartile

1) Age - adjusted Mean±SE by GLM analysis

2) p value for overall Wald F test for this variable from GLM

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

a,b: Different superscript letters in a column indicate significant difference among groups by Bonferroni's test at α=0.05

Table 3

Bone mineral density in total femur, femoral neck and lumbar spine of subjects according to the health habits

1) Age, WC, BMI (total femur)-, age, WC (femoral neck)-, age, BMI (lumbar spine)- adjusted Mean±SE by GLM analysis

2) p value for overall Wald F test for this variable from GLM

3) < 1 glass/month

4) ≥ 1 days/week

5) ≥ 4 days/week

^*: p < 0.05

Table 4

Bone mineral density in total femur, femoral neck and lumbar spine of subjects according to chronic diseases

1) Age, WC, BMI (total femur)-, age, WC, weight training (femoral neck)-, age, BMI (lumbar spine)- adjusted Mean±SE by GLM analysis

2) 140 > Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or 90 > diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg

3) Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or drug

4) p value for overall Wald F test for this variable from GLM

5) Total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL or drug

6) TG ≥ 200 mg/dL

7) Hemoglobin < 13 g/dL

8) 100 mg/dL ≤ Fasting blood glucose ≤ 125 mg/dL

9) Fasting blood glucose ≥ 125 mg/dL without treatment

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

a,b: Different superscript letters in a column indicate significant difference among groups by Bonferroni's test at α=0.05

Table 5

Bone mineral density in total femur, femoral neck and lumbar spine of subjects according to nutrient intake status

1) Estimated energy requirements

2) Age, WC, BMI, energy (total femur)-, age, WC, weight training, energy (femoral neck)-, age, BMI, energy (lumbar spine)- adjusted Mean±SE by GLM analysis

3) p value for overall Wald F test for this variable from GLM

4) Estimated average requirement

^*: p < 0.05

Figure & Data

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The Factors Influencing the Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adult Men : Based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010~2011 Data

Korean J Community Nutr. 2017;22(2):136-144. Published online April 30, 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.2.136

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The Factors Influencing the Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adult Men : Based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010~2011 Data

Table 1

Bone mineral density (g/cm²) in total femur, femoral neck and lumbar spine of subjects according to general characteristics of the study population

1) Mean±SE by GLM analysis

2) p value for overall Wald F test for this variable from GLM

3) Adjusted per capita income (monthly household income/√number of household members) grouped by gender and by age (5years span)

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p <0.001

a,b,c,d: Different superscript letters in a column indicate significant difference among groups by Bonferroni's test at α=0.05

Table 2

Bone mineral density in total femur, femoral neck and lumbar spine of subjects according to the anthropometric quartile

1) Age - adjusted Mean±SE by GLM analysis

2) p value for overall Wald F test for this variable from GLM

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

a,b: Different superscript letters in a column indicate significant difference among groups by Bonferroni's test at α=0.05

Table 3

Bone mineral density in total femur, femoral neck and lumbar spine of subjects according to the health habits

1) Age, WC, BMI (total femur)-, age, WC (femoral neck)-, age, BMI (lumbar spine)- adjusted Mean±SE by GLM analysis

2) p value for overall Wald F test for this variable from GLM

3) < 1 glass/month

4) ≥ 1 days/week

5) ≥ 4 days/week

^*: p < 0.05

Table 4

Bone mineral density in total femur, femoral neck and lumbar spine of subjects according to chronic diseases

1) Age, WC, BMI (total femur)-, age, WC, weight training (femoral neck)-, age, BMI (lumbar spine)- adjusted Mean±SE by GLM analysis

2) 140 > Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or 90 > diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg

3) Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or drug

4) p value for overall Wald F test for this variable from GLM

5) Total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL or drug

6) TG ≥ 200 mg/dL

7) Hemoglobin < 13 g/dL

8) 100 mg/dL ≤ Fasting blood glucose ≤ 125 mg/dL

9) Fasting blood glucose ≥ 125 mg/dL without treatment

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

a,b: Different superscript letters in a column indicate significant difference among groups by Bonferroni's test at α=0.05

Table 5

Bone mineral density in total femur, femoral neck and lumbar spine of subjects according to nutrient intake status

1) Estimated energy requirements

2) Age, WC, BMI, energy (total femur)-, age, WC, weight training, energy (femoral neck)-, age, BMI, energy (lumbar spine)- adjusted Mean±SE by GLM analysis

3) p value for overall Wald F test for this variable from GLM

4) Estimated average requirement

^*: p < 0.05

Table 1 Bone mineral density (g/cm2) in total femur, femoral neck and lumbar spine of subjects according to general characteristics of the study population

1) Mean±SE by GLM analysis

2) p value for overall Wald F test for this variable from GLM

3) Adjusted per capita income (monthly household income/√number of household members) grouped by gender and by age (5years span)

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p <0.001

a,b,c,d: Different superscript letters in a column indicate significant difference among groups by Bonferroni's test at α=0.05

Table 2 Bone mineral density in total femur, femoral neck and lumbar spine of subjects according to the anthropometric quartile

1) Age - adjusted Mean±SE by GLM analysis

2) p value for overall Wald F test for this variable from GLM

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

a,b: Different superscript letters in a column indicate significant difference among groups by Bonferroni's test at α=0.05

Table 3 Bone mineral density in total femur, femoral neck and lumbar spine of subjects according to the health habits

1) Age, WC, BMI (total femur)-, age, WC (femoral neck)-, age, BMI (lumbar spine)- adjusted Mean±SE by GLM analysis

2) p value for overall Wald F test for this variable from GLM

3) < 1 glass/month

4) ≥ 1 days/week

5) ≥ 4 days/week

^*: p < 0.05

Table 4 Bone mineral density in total femur, femoral neck and lumbar spine of subjects according to chronic diseases

1) Age, WC, BMI (total femur)-, age, WC, weight training (femoral neck)-, age, BMI (lumbar spine)- adjusted Mean±SE by GLM analysis

2) 140 > Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or 90 > diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg

3) Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or drug

4) p value for overall Wald F test for this variable from GLM

5) Total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL or drug

6) TG ≥ 200 mg/dL

7) Hemoglobin < 13 g/dL

8) 100 mg/dL ≤ Fasting blood glucose ≤ 125 mg/dL

9) Fasting blood glucose ≥ 125 mg/dL without treatment

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

a,b: Different superscript letters in a column indicate significant difference among groups by Bonferroni's test at α=0.05

Table 5 Bone mineral density in total femur, femoral neck and lumbar spine of subjects according to nutrient intake status

1) Estimated energy requirements

2) Age, WC, BMI, energy (total femur)-, age, WC, weight training, energy (femoral neck)-, age, BMI, energy (lumbar spine)- adjusted Mean±SE by GLM analysis