Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Original Articles

[English]
Development and Application of an Education Program for Healthy Dietary Life for Elementary School Aftercare Class Children: Jung Hyun Kim, Min Sook Kyung, In Young Park, Young Sim Park; Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(6):497-511. Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.6.497

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to develop a school-centered healthy eating environment for children in elementary care classrooms and prevent incorrect eating habits and obesity through the development and application of standardized healthy eating habit-forming educational materials.
METHODS
Ten schools in eight districts of Gyeonggi-do and 400 students from 19 care classes were selected. Based on the developed educational materials, the program was applied to students once in two weeks. â€˜Notices for Parentsâ€™ forms were also sent to the students' home to educate their parents. Pre and post-surveys were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the education. The pre-education, education, and aftercare were conducted from September 28 to September 31, 2016, from October 3 to November 30, 2016, and from December 5 to December 9, 2016, respectively.
RESULTS
The healthy eating program for elementary care classes was designed to develop a school-centered healthy eating environment and provide standardized educational material for healthy eating habits. Twelve educational topics were developed: ã€ˆEat Evenlyã€‰, ã€ˆEat Breakfastã€‰, ã€ˆEat vegetables and Fruitsã€‰, ã€ˆClean Body, Strong Bodyã€‰, ã€ˆHealthy and Tasty Snacksã€‰, ã€ˆKeep Healthy Weightã€‰, ã€ˆFood that enters our bodyã€‰, ã€ˆWhat is safe food?ã€‰, ã€ˆFood selection and Storageã€‰, ã€ˆOur land, Our grainã€‰, ã€ˆEnjoy Traditional Foodã€‰, and ã€ˆFood mannersã€‰. Moreover, the materials were produced in four forms: for students, for after school caring teachers, for external specialists, and for parents. The effectiveness evaluation was conducted to confirm the application of the program. The average eating habits score was 3.3 Â± 0.6, with no significant difference between before and after application. The score of overall satisfaction of the education was 3.9 Â± 0.9. The most satisfying content was â€˜Did you get to know how to eat evenly?â€™. Significant increases were observed in two contents for parents regarding their children's knowledge changes after the education: â€˜Five nutrients needed for growing childrenâ€™ and â€˜Knowing sugar foods and sugar-containing foodsâ€™. On the other hand, their educational satisfaction was 3.6 Â± 0.6, which was lower than the children's satisfaction. This might be because their education was conducted only through the â€˜Notices for Parentsâ€™ form.
CONCLUSIONS
In the long term, the healthy eating habit-formation education for lower elementary school children is expected to be beneficial. To prevent obesity and establish healthy eating habits of children, it is important to develop healthy eating education programs centered on elementary school aftercare classes, including the development of educational materials and an application system through connection with the home and community.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

An Interactive Live and Online Cooking Program for Children in Vulnerable Families—An Exploratory Study
Jiyoung Park, Sein Hwang, Seolhyang Baek, Gill A. Ten Hoor
Healthcare.2022; 10(12): 2389. CrossRef

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[English]
A Study on the Development of the Goals and Contents System of Healthy Dietary Education Program for After-School Care in Lower Grade in Elementary School: Jung Hyun Kim, Myoung Hee Lee, Okjin Park, Kyung Sook Choi; Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(1):24-37. Published online February 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.1.24

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OBJECTIVES
The study purpose is to develop a content system for a healthy dietary education program for after-school care in lower grade in elementary school.
METHODS
The contents of healthy dietary education in the 2015 revised curriculum and textbooks and the major education programs related to dietary life that are currently used in elementary school education were analyzed. Focus group interviews were held with field experts related to lower grade in elementary care class. Accordingly, the structuring of the education area and the detailed education contents were systematized.
RESULTS
From the analysis results, the contents of curriculum, textbook, and administrative department were classified as hygiene safety, health, and culture. The goal of the educational content system was divided into three areas: nutritional dietary life, food hygiene and health, and food culture. The subjects consisted of dietary balance, healthy body weight, digestion and absorption, food hygiene, Korean agricultural products, traditional food, and table manners. The curriculum was composed of 12 content elements.
CONCLUSIONS
In order to ensure that after-school care students can grow into healthy, growth-oriented and creative talents, the role of the caring guide is important, and associated guidelines are needed in the future.

Citations

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Development and Application of an Education Program for Healthy Dietary Life for Elementary School Aftercare Class Children
Jung-Hyun Kim, Min Sook Kyung, In-Young Park, Young Sim Park
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(6): 497. CrossRef

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[English]
Milk Intake Patterns with Lactose and Milk Fat in Korean Male Adults: Jung Hyun Kim, Min Sook Kyung, Sung Hee Min, Myung Hee Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(6):488-495. Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.6.488

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OBJECTIVES
This study examined the milk intake patterns with lactose and milk fat in Korean male adults using the following variables: milk intake level, awareness of lactose, and milk fat, health problems, and necessity of milk intake. In addition, the factors affecting milk intake were analyzed by multiple regression analysis.
METHODS
The subjects were 532 males aged 20 years or older among the nationwide milk purchasing group. The subjects were 223 (41.9%) in the 20â€“29 year age group, 188 (35.3%) in the 30â€“49 year age group and 121(22.7%) in the over 50 year age group. The survey was conducted using ANOVA and multiple comparative analysis to examine the differences in age and multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors affecting the intake of milk.
RESULTS
The intake of milk in the subjects was 538.14 Â± 494.23 ml per week. There were statistically significant differences in the subjects' age according to processed milk, low fat, nonfat milk, cheese, and ice cream. The perception of milk and lactose and milk fat was recognized as a good food for skeletal health when milk was consumed. Among the milk nutrients, lactose was highly recognized at the age of 20â€“29, and milk fat was recognized in those over 50 years. In addition to lactose and milk fat, calcium was the most highly recognized among the milk nutrients. Health problems associated with milk were skeletal health, obesity, and lactose intolerance. The perception of lactose intolerance was related to lactose intolerance and fatness, and the dietary behavior was unaffected.
CONCLUSIONS
This study examined the milk intake patterns of adult Korean males. Many variables were found to be related to the intake of milk. In this study, the milk intake was high when there was no problem with the perception and dietary behaviors of milk nutrition (lactose and milk fat). This study focused on lactose and milk fat, which are major nutrients in milk, and it is a new perspective study among milk-related research.

Citations

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Association of milk and dairy product consumption with the incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease incidence in middle-aged and older Korean adults: a 16-year follow-up of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Yeseung Jeong, Kyung Won Lee, Hyekyeong Kim, Yuri Kim
Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(6): 1225. CrossRef

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[English]
Comparison Between Semi-Quantitative Frequency Methods and 7-day Dietary Records Methods in Food and Nutrition Intake Status For Hemodialysis Patients: Dong Ryeol Ryu, Jung Hyun Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Min Sook Kyung, Jung Tak Park; Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(5):426-440. Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.5.426

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OBJECTIVES
The valid assessment of food and nutrients intakes using appropriate dietary intake method is necessary to improve the nutritional status of the hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study was conducted to compare the method between newly developed, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (Semi-FFQ) and 7-day dietary records (7-DRs) for hemodialysis patients.
METHODS
We conducted both methods on 53 maintenance HD patients in two university hospitals. We calibrated the frequency, portion size and daily intake of 47 food items reported in Semi-FFQ. The food and nutrients intake was compared and the correlation of the two methods was analyzed. Also each nutrient intake was compared to recommended dietary allowance for Korean (KDRIs) and recommended nutrient reference value for HD patients.
RESULTS
Energy and energy-yielding nutrients intakes were significantly higher in the two methods (p<0.01). These support the possible reliability between Semi-FFQ and 7-DRs that is similar with regard to most mineral and vitamin intakes. Thus, the Semi-FFQ used in this study for the assessment of nutrient intakes of HD patients can be reliable for the assessment of the nutrient intake along with the 7-DRs. The correlation coefficients were higher for foods consumed daily, such as steamed rice, meat and chicken, bean, egg, milk, coffee and alcohol than for those of foods eaten rarely (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The Semi-FFQ used in this study can be a reliable tool for the assessment of the HD patients' nutrient intake along with the 7-DRs, despite its limitations.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of dietary intake patterns in hemodialysis patients by nutritional status: A cross-sectional analysis
Ji Eun Lee, Hyun-Jung Kim, Mi Jung Lee, Young Eun Kwon, Min-Sook Kyung, Jung-Tak Park, Jung Pyo Lee, Su-Hyun Kim, Jung-Hyun Kim, Hyung Jung Oh, Dong-Ryeol Ryu
Kidney Research and Clinical Practice.2020; 39(2): 202. CrossRef
Comparison of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients’ dietary behaviors
Seon-Mi Kim, Byung Chin Kang, Hyun-Jung Kim, Min-Sook Kyung, Hyung Jung Oh, Jung-Hyun Kim, Oran Kwon, Dong-Ryeol Ryu
BMC Nephrology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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[English]
Development of Education Materials as a Card News Format for Nutrition Management of Pregnant and Lactating Women: Young Hee Han, Jung Hyun Kim, Min Jun Lee, Taeksang Yoo, Taisun Hyun; Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(3):248-258. Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.3.248

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OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the study was to develop a series of education materials as a card news format to provide nutrition information for pregnant and lactating women.
METHODS
The materials were developed in seven steps. As a first step, the needs of pregnant and lactating women were assessed by reviewing scientific papers and existing education materials, and by interviewing a focus group. The second step was to construct main categories and the topics of information. In step 3, a draft of the contents in each topic was developed based on the scientific evidence. In step 4, a draft of card news was created by editors and designers by editing the text and embedding images in the card news. In step 5, the text, images and sequences were reviewed to improve readability by the members of the project team and nutrition experts. In step 6, parts of the text or images or the sequences of the card news were revised based on the reviews. In step 7, the card news were finalized and released online to the public.
RESULTS
A series of 26 card news for pregnant and lactating women were developed. The series covered five categories such as nutrition management, healthy food choices, food safety, favorites to avoid, nutrition management in special conditions for pregnant and lactating women. The satisfaction of 7 topics of the card news was evaluated by 140 pregnant women, and more than 70% of the women were satisfied with the materials.
CONCLUSIONS
The card news format materials developed in this study are innovative nutrition education tools, and can be downloaded on the homepage of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Those materials can be easily shared in social media by nutrition educators or by pregnant and lactating women to use.

Citations

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A comparative study on nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior between Korean and Chinese postpartum women
Sohyun Kim, Heewon L Gray, Jia Li, Haeryun Park, Youngmi Lee, Kyunghee Song
Nutrition Research and Practice.2019; 13(6): 535. CrossRef

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[English]
Development of Nutrition Education Contents for Pregnant Women Based on Effective Communication Strategies: Taeksang Yoo, Young Hee Han, Jung Hyun Kim, Min Jun Lee, Taisun Hyun; Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(2):115-126. Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.2.115

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OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the study was to develop communication strategies for effective nutrition education targeting pregnant women and to create nutrition education contents.
METHODS
The format and the contents of online resources on nutrition information for pregnant women provided by reliable institutions were analyzed. Possible solutions to overcome barriers of nutrition education as well as communication strategies for effective nutrition education were identified by a brainstorming process. Based on the communication strategies, contents for nutrition education were created. Understandability, level of interest, applicability to daily life, harmony of text and illustration, and overall satisfaction of the contents were evaluated by dietitians and pregnant women.
RESULTS
The four communication strategies were developed; (1) to focus on a few important messages, (2) to provide evidence-based information, (3) to create illustrations or infographics with a minimum amount of text, and (4) to provide tips on how to improve the current diet options. Based on these strategies, the contents were focused on three important nutrients for pregnant women, folate, iron, and calcium. The percentages of the recommended nutrient intakes of the three nutrients on selected menu and its improved version by adding a dish or changing a dish into another dish were calculated and provided. Finally, the contents were delivered as illustrations with a minimum amount of text. Overall, dietitians and pregnant women were satisfied with the contents.
CONCLUSIONS
The contents developed in this study can be used in a pamphlet or a pregnancy diary, or can be shared in social networking services. Further contents on other nutrients and various menu are expected to be developed using these communication strategies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Development of Education Materials as a Card News Format for Nutrition Management of Pregnant and Lactating Women
Young-Hee Han, Jung Hyun Kim, Min Jun Lee, Taeksang Yoo, Taisun Hyun
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(3): 248. CrossRef

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[English]
A study on the Needs for Nutrition Management Program for Elderly Who use Welfare Facilities: Min June Lee, Jung Hyun Kim, Ok Jin Park, Young Mi Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(1):65-74. Published online February 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.1.65

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OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to investigate the nutritional status, health conditions, eating habits and experience and demand for nutrition.dietary management of senior citizens. And these data are formed foundation of development of nutrition.dietary management education program and contents in welfare facilities for the aged.
METHODS
We visited 3 public health centers, 3 senior citizens centers, and 4 welfare centers in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungnam province, and Daejeon area and carried out interview by semi-structured questionnaire for senior citizens older than 65 years who use those facilities.
RESULTS
The study included 17%, 30.7% and 52.3% of senior citizens from public health centers, seniorcitizen centers and and welfare centers, respectively. The age range of 43.9% of the population was 65-74 years and and 56.1% were older than 75 years. We observed that 83.2% of subjects took some medicines due to diseases that they have and 58.0% took prescription medicines for hypertension. The thing that they considered the most when selecting food was 'the taste'(p<0.05). Regarding the level of practice to keep the dietary life, they answered more than 'average' for most of items but answered less than 'average' for lot of salt intake, drinking, exercise. For the experience of nutritionddietary life education, only 19.8% answered 'Yes' and the service for nutritionddietary life management showed the highest score in the demand for 'provide nutritious food'. For the size of consulting group for nutrition/dietary life education, the public health center and welfare center preferred a larger group size but the senior citizens center preferred a smaller group. With regard to who will carry out the consulting, the demand for dietitian was the highest and the operation type showed the high demand in the order of consulting, education. The contents that they want to have consultation in nutritionddietary life education were diet therapy for diseases and the ordinary diet therapy for health.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggested the management of nutritionddietry life necessitates qualitative measures according to the different types of welfare facilities. For these, it is in need of development of counseling and education program included therapy for disease. Above all, the policy to secure dietitian of welfare facilities for the aged to perform these should be achived.

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Snack Provision Practice in Long-Term Care Hospitals and Facilities in Korea
Dayeong Yeo, Hae Jin Kang, Hyejin Ahn, Yoo Kyoung Park
Clinical Nutrition Research.2024; 13(2): 108. CrossRef
Effectiveness of NQ-E index-based individual nutrition counseling for community-care elderly: an intervention study on improving nutritional status, complex chronic diseases, and quality of life
Yoonjeong Choi, Jihyun Lee, Heesook Lim, Yoo Kyoung Park
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(6): 480. CrossRef
Evaluation on the Nutrition Quotient Scores of Elderly People Living Alone in Korea
Gyoungok Gang, Min Lee, Eun-hui Choi, Hye-Lim Lee, Hyun-Young Lee, Hye-Ja Chang, Jung-Hwa Choi, Na-Young Yi, Kyung-Eun Lee, Min-Jae Chung, Tong-Kyung Kwak
Nutrients.2023; 15(17): 3750. CrossRef
Effects of nutrition and hygiene education program on healthy eating habits and behavior of the elderly in Chungbuk
Je-ok Yeon, Byung-chun Song, Kyung-Jin Yeum, Myoung-sook Kim, Mi-young Lee
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2022; 55(3): 390. CrossRef
Dietary quality of lunches in senior leisure service facilities in South Korea: analysis of data from the 2013–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Daeun Choi, Youngmi Lee, Haeryun Park, Kyunghee Song, Jinah Hwang
Nutrition Research and Practice.2021; 15(2): 266. CrossRef
Future Perspective of the Elderly Food in a Super-Aged Society
Weon-Sun Shin
Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society.2021; 11(1): 1. CrossRef
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Jiyeon Ha, Yeon-Hwan Park
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(18): 6660. CrossRef
Socio-Economic Factors are Associated with Risk of Inadequate Protein Intake among Korean Elderly: Based on the Seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES Ⅶ), 2016-2018
Won Jang, Ho Kyung Ryu
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2020; 31(2): 215. CrossRef
Current Status of Sanitary and Nutritional Food Service in Elderly Day Care Center
Jeonghyeon Woo, Yoo Kyoung Park, Mi-Hyun Kim, Soo-Kyung Lee, Kyunghee Song, Hye-Kyeong Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(5): 374. CrossRef
Comparative analysis of dietary behavior and nutrient intake of elderly in urban and rural areas for development of “Village Lunch Table” program: Based on 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data
Youngmi Lee, Yourim Choi, Hae Ryun Park, Kyung Hee Song, Kyung Eun Lee, Chang Hee Yoo, Young Suk Lim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(2): 171. CrossRef
Food Safety and Nutrition Education Program for Elderly and Assessment of Program Effectiveness Based on Health Belief Model
Jung-Hwa Choi, Eun-Sil Lee, Yoon-Jin Lee, Hye-Sang Lee, Hye-Ja Chang, Kyung-Eun Lee, Na-Young Yi, Yoon Ahn, Tong-Kyung Kwak
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2016; 45(9): 1366. CrossRef

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[English]
Dietary Behavior of Marriage Migrant Women according to Their Nationality in Multicultural Families: Jung Hyun Kim, Myung Hee Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(1):53-64. Published online February 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.1.53

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OBJECTIVES
Nowadays, the multicultural families make up significant portion of Korean population and communities. Successful re-settling in a new country can be difficult, particularly when there are disparities in dietary behavior compared to home country. The objective of the study was to investigate the dietary behavior of marriage migrant women according to their nationality in multicultural families.
METHODS
The primary research was conducted targeting 94 marriage migrant women who came from China (40.4%), Vietnam (26.6%), and other countries except for Japan (33.0%). We investigated their dietary behavior, such as eating attitude and food choice behavior for Korea acculturation. We also studied dietary behavior among 14 selected subjects who had high level of integration and assimilation acculturation patterns by administering the Focus Group Interview (FGI).
RESULTS
The multicultural families had more integration acculturation patterns, which could have been influenced by their nationality. Vietnamese origin has the highest cultural adaptation as marginalization pattern. The common types of Korea acculturation were integration (3.03 +/- 1.08), separation (3.10 +/- 0.59), marginalization (3.10 +/- 0.58), followed by assimilation (2.84 +/- 0.51). There were significant differences in the four types of acculturation by marriage immigrant women's country of origin (p<0.05). According to dietary behavior, 'eliminating hunger' was the most important value in a meal. Chinese marriage migrant women, who had higher level of food intake attitude significantly, also considered 'being healthy' an important value. Regarding food choice behavior, Vietnamese had lowest frequency of homeland food intake. Most of marriage immigrant women were satisfied with the Korean food, and need for education was very high with interest for cooking, good nutrition, and managing their children's dietary life.
CONCLUSIONS
Coping with a change in dietary behavior is one of the biggest transitional difficulties, and family members may need support to find their familiar food items and to continue their cultural food choice behavior in the local areas. Further researches with quantitative and qualitative analysis are needed to understand the effect of dietary behavior for acculturation in multicultural families.

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Asian Journal of Social Science.2024; 52(1): 17. CrossRef
Analysis of eating behavior of Indonesian women from multicultural and non-multicultural families
Ulya Ardina, Su-In Yoon, Jin Ah Cho
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(2): 228. CrossRef
A relationship between food environment and food insecurity in households with immigrant women residing in the Seoul metropolitan area
Sung-Min Yook, Ji-Yun Hwang
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(3): 264. CrossRef
Experience of reorganizing life in married immigrant women with chronic disease; With three Asian countries at the center
Soon-Mi Cheon
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(1): 15. CrossRef
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Journal of Multimedia Information System.2022; 9(4): 327. CrossRef
Analysis of Korean Dietary Life Adaptation of Married Female Immigrants
Jeong-Sook Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(2): 103. CrossRef
Effects of the Culturally Sensitive Education of Perinatal Care on Knowledge, Skills, and Self-Efficacy among Korean Husbands and Vietnamese Wives
Youngmee Kim, Kap-Chul Cho
Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(4): 515. CrossRef
Qualitative Consumer Preference Studies on Korean-style Kimchi in Chinese Living in Korea
Mi-Ai Lee, Yun-Jeong Choi, Mina K. Kim
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2017; 27(2): 185. CrossRef
Food intake and nutritional status of female marriage immigrants residing in Gwangju, Korea
Eun Ju Yang, Jin Mo Khil
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016; 49(5): 358. CrossRef
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Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016; 49(3): 179. CrossRef

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[English]
Interview Survey of Elementary School Students'Nutrition Education and Practice: Yu Jin Oh, Young Mee Lee, Jung Hyun Kim, Hong Seok Ahn, Jeong Weon Kim, Hae Ryun Park, Jung Sook Seo, Kyung Won Kim, O Ran Kwon, Hye Kyoung Park, Eun Ju Lee, Huy Ni Sung; Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(4):499-509. Published online August 31, 2008

Abstract PDF: This study investigated the experience and practice of elementary school students on nutrition education. The data were collected from 217 male and female students attending 5-6th grade elementary schools in Seoul and Kyunggi-Do from March to June 2007, interviewing face to face by a nutrition teacher and 3 interns of a nutrition teacher. The results were as follows: 86.5% of the subjects learned about 'Table etiquette', 'Reasons for eating fruits and vegetables'(78.7%), 'Food waste and environment'(72.3%), 'Healthy snacks'(55.7%), 'Food sanitation'(52.3%), 'Food culture of foreign countries'(48.1%). Nutrition education experience was significantly different by gender. A total of 43.5% boys responded that they never learned about 'basic food preperation'(p < 0.01). They had learned 'Nutrients for body'and 'Food waste and environment'in school, 'Healthy weight loss', 'Food culture of foreign countries', 'Food circulation'on television, Most content ('Table etiquette', 'Simple cooking', 'Food sanitation', 'Eating behaviors for health', 'Reasons for eating fruits and vegetables', 'Healthy snacks') was learned from parents. The practice after nutrition education was higher in 'Table etiquette'(2.14), 'Eating fruits and vegetables'(2.07) than others compared with education experience. The most reason of non-practice on nutrition information was 'Troublesome'. In 'Nutrients for body', a boy answered 'Difficult for practice'20.0%, a girl answered 'Difficult to understand'32.6%, showing a significant difference between the gender groups (p < 0.001). They remembered the 'Nutrients for body'(49.6%), 'Food sanitation'(44.5%) because of 'important content', 'Basic food preparation'(40.6%), 'Food culture of foreign countries'(36.3%) because of 'interesting content', 'Healthy weight loss'(52.0%), 'Eating behavior for health'(44.5%) and 'Healthy snacks'(33.7%) because of 'need for my health'.

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[English]
The Health and Nutritional Status of Low-Income, Alone-Living Elderly: Ki Wan Lee, Young Mee Lee, Jung Hyun Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2000;5(1):3-12. Published online March 31, 2000

Abstract PDF: The nutritional and health status of low-income alone-living elderly(ALE) was assessed in relation to the activity of daily living (ADL) and nutritional risk factors. One hundred and eighty five ALE over 65 years old, living in the Sungnam area, were interviewed in their homes through questionnaires. The results were as follows : 63.6% of the subjects considered themselves in poor the health and only 4.3% of them considered thermselves healthy. 89.7% of the subjects answered that they were suffering from illness and 29.7% were taking medication. The ADL was assessed through 10 checklist items and the average score of the ADL was 84.78+/-11.11(maximum :100) The nutritional risk index(NRI) was evaluated by 12 risk factors and the average score of the NRI was 4.43+/-1.38 (maximum: 12) The scores of the ADL were positively correlated with the scored of the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)(r=0.7523, p<0.001) and negatively correlated with NRI(r=-0.2694, p<0.001) When subjects were divided into nutritionally high risk group(HNARI: NRI> or =5) and nutritionally low risk group(LNRI :NRI<5) according to the USA screening basis, 48.9% of the subjects belonged to the HNRI, But 16.9% of the HNRI and 34.4% of the LNRI belonged to the fourth quartile(Q/sub 0.75) of the ADL, the distribution of which showed significant differences(p<0.05) We suggest that the application of the ADL as a screening tool for nutrition intervention programs for the elderly. Oncemore, further research is needed to develop appropriate checklist items for the ADL and NRI along with the screening basis for the NRI to diagnose the adverse nutritional status of the Korean elderly.

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[English]
Assessment of nutritional Status and Factors Related to Smoking in Adolescent Males: 1.dietary Intakes and Nutritional Assessment of Serum Lipids and Antioxidant Vitamins in Adolescent male Smokers: Jung Hyun Kim, Jae yeon Lim, Kyungwon Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 1998;3(3):349-357. Published online August 31, 1998

Abstract PDF: This study was done to investigate the effect of adolescent smoking on dietary intakes and nutritional status of serum lipids and antioxidant vitamins. Subjects were 82 somkers whose average pack-year was 0.73, and 85 nonsmokers of male technical high school students in Seoul. Anthropometric measurement was performed and % body fat was also analyzed by Bioelectrical Impedance Fatness Analyzer(GIF-891). Dietary intakes and habits were examined through questionnaires and nutrient intakes were analyzed by Computer Aided Nutritional (CAN) analysis programs. Serum TG and total cholesterol levels were measured by Spotchem sp-4410 and serum HDL-cholesterol levels were measured by test kit. serum vitamin C level was measured by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method and serum levels of vitamin A and vitamin E were measured by HPLC. All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. There was a significant difference in body fat percentage and systolic blood pressure while other anthropometric measurements were not different between smokers and monsmokers. Caloric intakes(2335 kcal) in adolescent smokers tended to be higher than that of nonsmokers (2,175 kcal) but the difference was not statistically significant. Intakes of protein(76.67g) and niacin(16.49 mg) in adolescent male smokers were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of nonsmokers although other nutrient intakes were not significantly different. Analysis of serum lipids showed that serum HDL-cholesterol level of smokers was significantly different. Analysis of serum lipids showed that serum HDL-cholesterol level of smokers was significantly lower(p<0.05) than that of nonsmokers, whereas other lipid levels were not significantly different. Serum vitamin C level was also significantly lower(p<0.05) in adolescent smokers than in nonsmokers. In addition, serum vitamin E level, which was 7.85 mg/1 in smokers, was lower than that of 9.20 mg/1 in nonsmokers(p<0.05) while serum vitamin A level was not significantly different between the two groups. These results indicate that cigarette smoking in adolescence decreases serum levels of HDL-cholesterol, vitamin C and vitamin E even thoughth their smoking history is very short.

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[English]
An Ecological Study on Eating Behavior of Middle School Students in Seoul: Jung Hyun Kim, Joo hyun Choi, Min June Lee, Jae Moon; Korean J Community Nutr 1998;3(2):292-307. Published online May 31, 1998

Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to evaluate the eating behavior and to analyze the various factors affecting eating behavior among middle school students. The subjents consisted of 212 middle school students(106 boys and 106 girls between 13-14 years) residing in Seoul. A questionnaire was used as the questionnaire consisted of four parts : the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects, value toward food and nutrition, diet diversity(the number of food items) and eating behavior. Results showed that fifty three point five percent of males and fifty seven percent of females skipped breakfast. The main reason for skipping breakfast was shortage of time. Fifty five percent of the total number of subjects stated that they had more than two plasant meals a day. The number of food items eaten was significantly higher in males than in females. In only 16.4% of total subjects(18.5% of male and 14.2% of female), the primary pursuit in having meals was not to satisfy hunger but to consider nutrition and health. The eating behavior of the adolescents showed that 65% of the subjects had a 'good' eating behavior score and 17.4% had scores of 'excellent' and 'poor' respectively. The existence of parents, the economic level of the family, and concern of health and nutrition affected the eating behavior score. The less the subject skipped breakfast, the greater they placed a value toward food and nutrition. Value toward food and nutrition had a significant influence on their eating behavior. Those who placed a value toward food and nutrition had a higher eating behavior. Those who placed a value toward food and nutrition had a higher eating eating behavior. As a result of the multiple regression analysis, factors affecting eating behavior were 'pleasant meal' , 'the value toward food and nutrition' and 'the numbers of food items' in order(R2=0.2984).

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[English]
Nutrient Supplement Use, Nutritional Knowledge and Nutrient Intakes of Athletes: Soon Im Woo, Seong Suk Cho, Kyungwon Kim, Jung Hyun Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 1998;3(1):94-106. Published online February 28, 1998

Abstract PDF: Nutrient supplements are often used by athletes as ergogenic aids. This study was done to investigate the use of nutrient supplements, nutritional knowledge and nutrient intakes of athletes. Subjects of this survey consisted of 195 national team athletes. The prevalence of nutrient supplement use among all subjects was 30.3%, and the frequency of use, by decreasing order, was weight lifting, taekwondo and badminton athletes. Sport drinks were the type of nutrition supplement used most frequently and vitamin C was the second one. Major reasons for nutrient supplement use were to improve training performance and to recover from fatigue, to supplement fluid and to control weight. The average score of nutritional knowledge was 19.9+/-2.5 for nutrient supplement users, and 19.8+/-3.6 for nutrient supplement nonusers. Intakes of protein, calcium and niacin of the user were higher than those of the nonuser. This information provided by this study can help sport nutritionists identify nutrient supplement most often consumed by national elite athletes and can aid counselors as they guide athletes towards more healthful nutrition practices.

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