Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Research Article

[English]
Association between dietary intake, body measurements, and urinary bone resorption markers in young adults with osteopenia and osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study: Mi-Hyun Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi; Korean J Community Nutr 2023;28(4):282-292. Published online August 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2023.28.4.282

Abstract PDF: Objectives
Bone health in early adulthood, as individuals approach peak bone mass, plays a critical role in preventing osteoporosis later in life. This study aimed to investigate the associations between lifestyle and dietary factors, anthropometric measurements, and urinary bone resorption markers in young adults.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 healthy Korean adults (50 men and 50 women) in their 20s and early 30s. Bone mineral density (BMD), anthropometric measurements, dietary intake (24-hour recall), and urinary bone resorption indicators (deoxypyridinoline and N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen) were analyzed. Variables were compared between the osteopenia and osteoporosis groups (OSTEO group: 30% men and 60% women) and the healthy control group.
Results
Men in the OSTEO group were significantly taller than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Women in the OSTEO group had significantly lower body weight and body composition (muscle and body fat) than those in the normal group (P< 0.01). Men in the OSTEO group had a significantly higher intake of animal calcium (Ca) than those in the normal group (P < 0.05). Women in the OSTEO group had significantly higher dietary fiber, vitamin A, Ca, plant Ca, and potassium intake than did those in the normal group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in caffeinated beverage consumption, eating habits, or urinary bone resorption indicators between the OSTEO and control groups of either sex.
Conclusions
In our study of young South Korean adults, we observed low bone density levels, with particularly low BMD in taller men and underweight women. We found a higher nutrient intake in the OSTEO group, indicating the possibility of reverse causality, a phenomenon often found in cross-sectional studies. Therefore, there is a need to further elucidate dietary factors related to osteoporosis in young adults through prospective cohort studies involving a larger population.

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Original Articles

[English]
Comparison of 24-hour Recalls with a Food Frequency Questionnaire in Assessing Coffee Consumption: The Health Examinees (HEXA) Study: An Na Kim, Jiyoung Youn, Hyun Jeong Cho, Taiyue Jin, Sangah Shin, Jung Eun Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2020;25(1):48-60. Published online February 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.1.48

OBJECTIVES
Most cohort studies used food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) to evaluate coffee consumption as it assesses habitual dietary patterns, whereas some studies have used the 24-hour recalls (24HR) as it elicits in-depth description of foods and the amount eaten. The aim of this study was to compare FFQs and 24HR to assess the consumption of various types of coffee.
METHODS
We included 25,904 participants aged 40 years or older from the Health Examinees (HEXA) Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiologic Study (KoGES). Each participant completed one FFQ and one-day (n=11,280) or two-day 24HR (n=14,624). We classified coffee types into: black coffee, coffee with sugar and cream, and coffee with sugar alone or cream alone. We compared the proportions of nondrinkers, black coffee, and coffee with sugar and cream through FFQ and 24HR.
RESULTS
Among those who completed one FFQ and one-day 24HR, 39.4% of â€œnondrinkersâ€ on one-day 24HR reported that they did not drink coffee on their FFQs. Whereas among those who complete two-day 24HR, 71.2% of â€œnondrinkersâ€ on two-day 24HR said that they did not drink coffee on their FFQs. Among those who completed one FFQ and oneday 24HR, 58.3% marked â€œblack coffeeâ€ on one-day 24HR said that they drank black coffee on their FFQs. Among those who complete two-day 24HR, 58.8% marked â€œblack coffeeâ€ on two-day 24HR said that they drank black coffee on their FFQs. The kappa coefficients and percent agreements were 0.4 and 59.6%, respectively, for the comparison of coffee intake between FFQ and one-day 24HR, and 0.6 and 72.8%, respectively, for the comparison of coffee intake between FFQ and two-day 24HR.
CONCLUSIONS
We found discrepancies between FFQs and 24HR in the types of coffee consumed. Such limitations should be considered when using the 24HR data to examine the effect of coffee consumption on disease development.

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Association Between Instant Coffee Consumption and the Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results From a Community-Based Prospective Cohort
Moon-Kyung Shin, Kyoung-Nam Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic variation rs1121980 in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is associated with dietary intake in Koreans
Young Goh, Jeong-Hwa Choi
Food & Nutrition Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Coffee Consumption and the Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in the Korean Population
Seong-Ah Kim, Li-Juan Tan, Sangah Shin
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.2021; 121(11): 2221. CrossRef

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[English]
The association between Coffee Consumption and All-cause Mortality According to Sleep-related Disorders: Sunghee Lee, Wookyoun Cho, Namhan Cho, Chol Shin; Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(4):301-309. Published online August 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.4.301

Abstract PDF PubReader

OBJECTIVES
While recent studies showed that coffee consumption reduced the risk of all-cause mortality, no study has examined the effect of coffee consumption on all-cause mortality related to sleep disorders. We aimed to examine whether sleep-related disorders would differently affect the association between coffee consumption and the risk of all-cause mortality among 8,075 adults aged 40 to 69 years.
METHODS
In a prospective cohort study, the study participants were biennially followed up for 12 years from 2001 to 2012. On each follow-up visit, the participants underwent comprehensive tests including anthropometric examinations, interviewer-administered questionnaires, and biochemical tests. Coffee consumption frequency and the amount were measured using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using death certificate data from Korean National Statistical Office, the vital status of each study participant was identified. Sleep-related disorders were examined with interviewer-administered questionnaires. We estimated Hazard ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals from Cox Proportional Hazard models. Multivariable models were established after adjusting for center, total caloric intake, age, gender, body mass index, physical activity, education, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, c-reactive protein, energy-adjusted food groups of refined grains, vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, and dairy.
RESULTS
Compared with those who had no coffee consumption, participants who had about three cups of coffee per day showed a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, after adjusting for covariates. Those who had a sleep-related disorder showed no significant effect of coffee consumption on the risk of all-cause mortality, whereas those who had no sleep-related disorders showed significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggested that approximately three cups of coffee per day would be beneficial to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality only among adults with no sleep-related disorders. Coffee consumption should be prudent for those with sleep-related symptoms.

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Association with obesity and abdominal obesity according to the kind and amount of coffee intake in Korean adults: 2013 ~ 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Hyoung-seop Park, Jung-Sug Lee
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(4): 369. CrossRef

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[English]
Health-related Factors and Nutritional Status in Shift-workers at Coffee Shops: Focused on Single Women in Twenties in Seoul: Seung Lim Lee, Soo Jin Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(5):467-477. Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.5.467

Abstract PDF PubReader

This study examined the health-related factors and nutritional status of 89 single women workers in their 20's who work night and day shift at the take-out coffee shops and the 89 single women office workers. The results of the study are summarized as follows: The shift-workers showed lower rate of office tenure (p < 0.001), income (p < 0.001), job satisfaction (p < 0.05), weight (p < 0.05), and higher rate of weight change (p < 0.001) than the non shift-workers. The shift-workers showed lower rate of of exercise (p < 0.001), sleeping hours (p < 0.01), and good health condition (p < 0.01), and higher rates of smoking (p < 0.001), presence of disease (p < 0.001), gastric and intestinal illnesses (p < 0.001) than the non shift-workers. More than 88.8% of the shift workers answered that they ate alone (p < 0.001). The shift workers showed lower rate of regularity of meal (p < 0.001), balanced diet (p < 0.001), and mealtime (p < 0.001), and higher rate of skipping breakfast (p < 0.001), consumption of salty and spicy food (p < 0.001), and overeating (p < 0.01) than the non shift-workers. The shift workers consumed (p < 0.001) less frequently rice, soup and side dishes, and more frequently noodles and snack, bread than the non-shift-workers. The shift workers showed lower rate of consumption of beer (p < 0.01), and higher rate of consumption of coffee (p < 0.001), tea (p < 0.01) and soju (p < 0.001) in once a week or more intakes than the non-shift-workers. The shift workers showed higher rate of consumption of carbohydrates (p < 0.05), and calcium (p < 0.05) and lower rate of consumption of protein (p < 0.05), fiber (p < 0.05), vitamin C (p < 0.05), and folate (p < 0.05) intakes than the non-shift-workers.

Citations

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A Qualitative Study of the Awareness and Influencing Factors of the Dietary Habits of the Male and Female Workers' at a Manufacturing Facility in Gwangju
Ji Suk Yim, Young-Ran Heo
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(1): 12. CrossRef
Diet Pattern and Nutritional Status of Women Working in Call Centers of India
Meenakshi Mathur, Monika Harsh, Sumita Mathur
ETP International Journal of Food Engineering.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
The relationships between dietary behavior and health related factors according to shift work in nurses
Ji-Myung Kim, Bok-Hee Kang
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2014; 47(6): 416. CrossRef

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[English]
Correlation of Nutrient Intake, Obesity-related Anthropometrics, and Blood Lipid Status with Instant Coffee-mix Intakes in Gangneung and Samcheok Residents: Eun Kyung Kim, Jeong Sook Choe, Eun Kyung Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(2):134-141. Published online April 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.2.134

Abstract PDF PubReader

This study was conducted to investigate instant coffee-mix intakes and its relations with anthropometric measurements, nutrient intake, and blood lipid in Gangneung and Samcheok residents. Coffee-mix is a mixture of instant coffee, sugar and coffee-creamer. It is a standardized convenience food in Korea. Recently, Koreans appear to consume too much of instant coffee-mix. The respondents of this study were 218 Koreans (Gangneung region 133, Samcheok region 85). The average age was 56.0 years (male), 57.5 years (female). They were divided into 2 groups, the instant coffee-mix drinkers and the non-drinkers. The nutrient intake and anthropometric measurements and their relations with coffee-mix intakes were analyzed (nutrient intakes were calculated by converting per 1,000 kcal and adjusted by age, region). As for male, body fat was significantly higher in coffee-mix drinkers (18.1 kg, 25.0%) than in nondrinkers (17.1 kg, 23.8%). In the case of females, serum triglyceride was significantly higher in coffee-mix drinkers (109.1 mg/dL) than in nondrinkers (102.9 mg/dL). Coffee-mix intakes and coffee-mix's contributions to energy were higher for participants from Samcheok (21.2 g, 4.7%) than those from Gangneung (16.6 g, 3.4%). In addition, for Samcheok, coffee-mix's contribution to energy was significantly higher in male (5.6%) than in female (4.2%). Coffee-mix intakes and energy contribution of coffee-mix were not significantly correlated with anthropometric measurements. Only HDL-cholestrol showed significantly negative correlation with coffee-mix's contributions to energy. Based on the above results, we conclude that usual instant coffee-mix intake may increase intakes of sugar and fat and exert negative effects on serum lipids. Therefore, it is needed to control too much instant coffee-mix intake in the dietary management of rural residents.

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Associations between the Genetic Heritability of Dyslipidemia and Dietary Patterns in Korean Adults Based on Sex Differences
Sei Kim, Hye Kyung Jeon, Gyeonghee Lee, Youbin Kim, Hae Young Yoo
Nutrients.2023; 15(20): 4385. CrossRef
Comparison of 24-hour Recalls with a Food Frequency Questionnaire in Assessing Coffee Consumption: The Health Examinees (HEXA) Study
An Na Kim, Jiyoung Youn, Hyun Jeong Cho, Taiyue Jin, Sangah Shin, Jung Eun Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(1): 48. CrossRef
Association of Dietary Fatty Acid Consumption Patterns with Risk of Hyper-LDL Cholesterolemia in Korean Adults
Eunhee Choi, Seoeun Ahn, Hyojee Joung
Nutrients.2020; 12(5): 1412. CrossRef
Association of coffee consumption with health-related quality of life and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: based on 2013 ~ 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Hyesook Kim, Yu Jin Kim, Yeni Lim, Oran Kwon
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2018; 51(6): 538. CrossRef
Obesity and Related-factors in Patients with Chronic Mental Illness Registered to Community Mental Health Welfare Centers
Eun-Suk Park, Eun-Hyun Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(1): 76. CrossRef
3-in-1 coffee consumption is associated with metabolic factors in adults: Based on 2012~2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Jee-Young Yeon, Yun-Jung Bae
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(3): 257. CrossRef
The effect of coffee consumption on food group intake, nutrient intake, and metabolic syndrome of Korean adults—2010 KNHANES (V-1)
Fangfang Song, JiEun Oh, KyungWon Lee, Mi Sook Cho
NFS Journal.2016; 4: 9. CrossRef
Effect of Coffee Consumption on the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Prediabetic Individuals
Ji-Ho Lee, Mi-Kyeong Oh, Jun-Tae Lim, Haa-Gyoung Kim, Won-Joon Lee
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2016; 37(1): 7. CrossRef
Associations of Obesity and Dyslipidemia with Intake of Sodium, Fat, and Sugar among Koreans: a Qualitative Systematic Review
Yoon Jung Kang, Hye Won Wang, Se Young Cheon, Hwa Jung Lee, Kyung Mi Hwang, Hae Seong Yoon
Clinical Nutrition Research.2016; 5(4): 290. CrossRef
Survey on Body Image Perception, Dietary Habits and Nutrient Intakes according to Interest Level in Health of Female University Students in Gyeongnam Area
Eun-Hee Seo
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2015; 28(2): 281. CrossRef

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[English]
Effect of Sustainability Management at Coffee Houses on Customers' Store Image and Behavioral Intention: Joongwon Shin, Soyoung Kim, Jihyun Yoon; Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(4):494-503. Published online August 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.4.494

Abstract PDF PubReader

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sustainability management (SM) at coffee houses on customers' store image and behavioral intention. In addition, customers' willingness to pay a premium for sustainable coffee houses was studied. During October 2011, a web survey was conducted via an on-line research company with customers aged 20 to 39 visiting one of the top five coffee houses in Korea at least once a month. A total of 300 targeted customers responded and all the data were analyzed. An exploratory factor analysis derived two dimensions of SM: SM in Social and Environmental Perspective and SM in Economic Perspective. The result of structural equation modeling indicated that SM in Economic Perspective at coffee houses had a significant positive effect on customers' behavioral intention with mediating effect by store image, but SM in Social and Environmental Perspective did not have such effect. Approximately one-third (31%) of the respondents were willing to pay a premium for a sustainable coffee house in a scenario. approximately 84% of the respondents unwilling to pay a premium for the sustainable coffee house chose the cost-related reasons including "Coffee price at the coffee house that they most often visit is already expensive (62.3%)" for such unwillingness. The results of this study showed that SM of coffee houses, especially that in Economic Perspective, could contribute to store image, and therefore increase customers' favorable behavioral intention, although the additional cost resulted from such SM practices might not be easily accommodated by customers.

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Mediating Effects of Social Connectedness on the Relationship between Sustainability Management and Brand Loyalty at Coffee Specialty Shops
Na-Young Yi
Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science.2018; 34(5): 533. CrossRef
Dietitians' Self-Evaluation and Barriers to Sustainable Practices for School Foodservice Management : Focused on Daejeon and Chungnam Area
Na-Young Yi
Korean Journal of Food & Cookery Science.2017; 33(3): 342. CrossRef
The influences of sustainability management at institutional foodservice on store image and behavioral intention
Jiyoon Ahn, Sunhee Seo
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(2): 199. CrossRef
Relationship of TBL Component in Corporate Sustainable Management of Fashion Company with Company Evaluation and Brand Image
Dongkyu Na, Jeongwon Lee, Youngjoo Na
Fashion & Textile Research Journal.2014; 16(2): 293. CrossRef
Health-related Factors and Nutritional Status in Shift-workers at Coffee Shops - Focused on Single Women in Twenties in Seoul -
Seung-Lim Lee, Soo-Jin Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(5): 467. CrossRef

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[English]
The Antecedents of Coffee Satisfaction by Lifestyle Segments for Korean and Chinese University Students in Korea: Hye Kyung Chung, Hye Young Kim, Hae Young Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(6):782-793. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.6.782

Abstract PDF PubReader

The purposes of this study were to classify university students by their lifestyle and to investigate the relationships between lifestyle and coffee satisfaction. The survey had been undertaken for 360 Korean and Chinese university students in Daejeon from November to December 2009. A total of 242 usable questionnaires were received with 67.2% response rate. The statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS 18.0 package program. Lifestyles of subjects, based on AIO (Activities, Interests, Opinions) method and factor analysis, were segmented into 2 groups of "outgoing activity" (n = 137) and "introverted devotion" (n = 105). "Outgoing activity" group exhibited highly health-oriented (p < 0.001) and convenience-oriented (p < 0.001) characteristics, but "introverted devotion" group showed highly goal-oriented (p < 0.01) and safety-oriented (p < 0.01) features. Comparing to "introverted devotion" group, "outgoing activity" group showed higher intake of coffee (p < 0.01) and more expense for beverage (p < 0.01). Three factors were extracted from 15 coffee quality attributes by factor analysis; "fundamentals", "supplement" and "inducement". These factors were positively correlated with coffee satisfaction according to lifestyle groups (p < 0.01). For "outgoing activity" group, 'fundamentals' was independent factor for satisfaction on coffee in coffee house (beta = 0.268, p < 0.05) and canned or bottled coffee (beta = 0.314, p < 0.01), and "supplement" was independent factor for satisfaction on coffee in vending machine (beta = 0.235, p < 0.05). For "introverted devotion" group, "inducement" was independent factor for satisfaction on coffee in vending machine (beta = 0.238, p < 0.001). These results provide an understanding for lifestyles of coffee consumers and give an insight into differentiated marketing plans for coffee industry.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Health-related Factors and Nutritional Status in Shift-workers at Coffee Shops - Focused on Single Women in Twenties in Seoul -
Seung-Lim Lee, Soo-Jin Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(5): 467. CrossRef
Dietary habits score, nutrients intake and dietary quality related to coffee consumption of college students in Incheon
Yun Ju Lee, Jeong Soon You, Kyung Ja Chang
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013; 46(6): 560. CrossRef
Analysis of University Student' Perception of Coffee Shop Prices through Price Sensitivity Measurements
Hyun-Ah Kim
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2012; 41(8): 1182. CrossRef

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[English]
Korean and Chinese University Students' Importance and Performance Analysis for Quality Attributes by Coffee Type in Daejeon: Hye Young Kim, Hye Kyung Chung, Hae Young Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(4):511-524. Published online August 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.4.511

Abstract PDF PubReader

The purposes of this study was to investigate importance and performance for coffee quality attributes in Korean and Chinese university students by 3 types of coffee; coffee in coffee houses, coffee in vending machines and canned/bottled coffee. Survey was done for 360 students in Daejeon with developed questionnaires including general information, favorite type of coffee and 15 quality attributes of coffee. Finally, data from 168 Korean and 126 Chinese university students was used for statistical analysis by SPSS 18.0 package program. Results of this study were as follows: for favorite type of coffee, the rates of coffee in coffee houses, coffee in vending machines and canned/bottled coffee were 43.0% 34.8% and 22.2% in Korean students and 8.7%, 78.0%, and 12.2% in Chinese students, respectively. Comparing Chinese students and Korean students showed higher importance for several quality attributes of coffee in coffee house (p < 0.05), but lower importance for most quality-attributes of coffee in vending machine (p < 0.05) and canned/bottled coffee (p < 0.05). According to importance and performance analysis, strategies for increasing satisfaction were to improve 'price' of canned/bottled coffee in Korean students, and 'taste', 'volume', 'concentration' and 'variety' of canned/bottled coffee and 'freshness' of coffee in vending machine in Chinese students. These results suggested that differentiated marketing plans between Korean and Chinese university students should be needed in coffee industry.

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Health-related Factors and Nutritional Status in Shift-workers at Coffee Shops - Focused on Single Women in Twenties in Seoul -
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Importance-Performance Analysis of Quality Attributes of Coffee Shops and a Comparison of Coffee Shop Visits between Koreans and Mongolians
Mi-Na Jo, Bolorerdene Purevsuren
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2013; 42(9): 1499. CrossRef
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Young-Hee Lim, Sun-Hyo Kim
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture.2012; 27(3): 240. CrossRef
Changes in Food and Nutrient Intakes of College Students between 1999 and 2009
Han Byul Jang, Hwa Young Lee, Young-Hee Han, Jeehye Song, Ki Nam Kim, Taisun Hyun
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The Antecedents of Coffee Satisfaction by Lifestyle Segments for Korean and Chinese University Students in Korea
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Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2011; 16(6): 782. CrossRef

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