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Original Articles
- [English]
- Application and Evaluation of Web-based Food Frequency Questionnaire for Korean Adolescents
- Jinhee Yum, Seungmin Lee
- Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(5):440-450. Published online October 31, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.5.440
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Abstract
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PubReader - OBJECTIVES
We previously developed a dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Korean adolescents and reported that it had reasonable reliability and validity. The objective of the current study was to construct a web-based dietary evaluation system applying the FFQ for Korean adolescents and examine its applicability in the context of reliability and validity.
METHODS
A web-based food frequency questionnaire system was designed using a comprehensive approach, incorporating not only dietary data survey but also up-to-date nutrition information and individualized eating behavior guidelines. A convenience sample of 50 boys and girls aged 12~18 years agreed to participate in the study and completed the FFQ twice and 3 days of dietary recall on the developed website during a two-month period. The FFQ’s reliability and validity was examined using correlation and cross classification analysis. We also measured participants’ subjective levels of the web site’s usability, visual effect, understanding, and familiarity.
RESULTS
Spearman correlation coefficients for reliability ranged from 0.74 (for vitamin A) to 0.94 (for energy). From cross-classification analyses, the proportion of subjects in the same intake quartile was highest for energy (82.0%) and lowest for vitamin A (56.0%). With regard to validity analysis, Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.34 (for fiber) to 0.79 (for energy). The proportions of subjects in the opposite categories between the first FFQ and 3-day diet recall data were generally low from 0.00% (for fat) to 36.2% (for sodium). Average subjective levels of the website’s usability, visual effect, understanding, and familiarity were all found to be over 4 points out of 5 points.
CONCLUSIONS
The web-based dietary evaluation system developed can serve as a valid and attractive tool for administering FFQ to Korean adolescents.
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- [English]
- Development of a Questionnaire for Dietary Habit Survey of Korean Adults
- Jin Suk Jo, Ki Nam Kim
- Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(3):258-273. Published online June 30, 2014
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.3.258
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Abstract
PDFPubReader
- OBJECTIVES
The purposes of the study were to develop a questionnaire for dietary habit survey for Korean adults, and unify the terms related to dietary habits.
METHODS
The Delphi method by 43 professionals on dietary habit research was applied to unify the terms.
RESULTS
With regard to results on terms related to dietary habit, the respondents recorded the highest percentage (90.7%) of selecting the term "dietary habits" and also the highest percentage (76.7%) of choosing "dietary habits" for English. The biggest percentage of the respondents chose "individual dietary behaviors repeatedly formed and habitualized under the social, cultural, and psychological influence in the group" as the concept of dietary habits. The Delphi survey for the development of a questionnaire resulted in the first questionnaire of 31 items, the second one of 27 items, and the third one of 25 items. The validity of questionnaire items was tested with content validity ratios (CVR). The items whose CVR value was 0.29 or lower were eliminated or revised, because the minimum CVR value needed to test validity was 0.29. To test the reliability of questionnaire items, test-retest method was performed in 163 adults. According to the Kappa coefficient in the range of 0.314-0.716, all of the 25 items were in the reliability scope. A survey was taken with 702 adults to finally revise and supplement the third questionnaire whose validity and reliability were tested.
CONCLUSIONS
Through those processes, a questionnaire for adults' dietary habit survey was finally completed. The significance of the study lies in the development of the first questionnaire on dietary habits equipped with both validity and reliability in South Korea. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- High Prevalence and Risk Factors of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Among University Students in South Korea
Aram Lee, Hyo Kyung Kim, Hyunjung Kim
Gastroenterology Nursing.2024; 47(3): 195. CrossRef - Attributes of multiple concurrent functional gastrointestinal disorders in female university students in South Korea
Hyo Kyung Kim, Hyunjung Kim, Aram Lee
Women & Health.2024; 64(8): 674. CrossRef - Selection of Factors for Performance Evaluation of Fire-fighting Drones based on Delphi Techniques
Hyun-Jung Woo, Dong-Min Seo
Fire Science and Engineering.2023; 37(2): 52. CrossRef - Association of Dietary Behaviors with Poor Sleep Quality and Increased Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Korean Military Service Members
Yujin Choi, Byunwoo Son, Woo-Chul Shin, Seong-uk Nam, Jaehong Lee, Jinwoong Lim, Sungha Kim, Changsop Yang, Hyeonhoon Lee
Nature and Science of Sleep.2022; Volume 14: 1737. CrossRef - Preliminary Research for Developing a Pattern Identification Tool for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Sung-eun Hong, Ji-won Park, Jeong-won Shin, Jung-eun Kil, Kwan-il Kim, Yung-min Bu, Hee-jae Jung, Beom-joon Lee
The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2022; 43(3): 327. CrossRef - Deep autoencoder-powered pattern identification of sleep disturbance using multi-site cross-sectional survey data
Hyeonhoon Lee, Yujin Choi, Byunwoo Son, Jinwoong Lim, Seunghoon Lee, Jung Won Kang, Kun Hyung Kim, Eun Jung Kim, Changsop Yang, Jae-Dong Lee
Frontiers in Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Factors Associated with Gastrointestinal Symptoms among Rotating Shift Nurses in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study
Sun-Kyung Hwang, Yun-Ji Lee, Min-Eun Cho, Bo-Kyoung Kim, Yea-In Yoon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(16): 9795. CrossRef - A study on the changes in life habits, mental health, and sleep quality of college students due to COVID-19
Hyejoo Lee, Jiyun Kim, Jihwan Moon, Sangyeop Jung, Younhwan Jo, Byeongmin Kim, Eunseo Ryu, Sangwoo Bahn
Work.2022; 73(3): 777. CrossRef - Cross-sectional Associations between Lifestyle Factors and Obesity among Students in a University at Gyeonggi Province
Jin Hee Jeong, Hye-Ja Park
Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2021; 46(4): 402. CrossRef - Association between Dietary Habits and Self-rated Health According to Sasang Constitution
Kyoungsik Jeong, Hoseok Kim, Siwoo Lee, Younghwa Baek
Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine.2020; 34(1): 53. CrossRef - Analysis on the Relationship between Eating Behavior, Physical Activities and Youth Obesity: Based on the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey for High School Students in 2016~2018
Seung-Hoo Lee, Jong-Ho Lee
Information.2020; 11(3): 169. CrossRef - A latent class analysis of dietary behaviours associated with metabolic syndrome: a retrospective observational cross-sectional study
Jung Ha Park, Ju Young Kim, So Hye Kim, Jung Hyun Kim, Young Mi Park, Hye Seon Yeom
Nutrition Journal.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Questionnaire study of the dietary habits of breast cancer survivors and their relationship to quality of life (KROG 14-09)
Chai Hong Rim, Sung-Ja Ahn, Jin Hee Kim, Won Sup Yoon, Mison Chun, Dae Sik Yang, Jong-Hoon Lee, Kyubo Kim, Moonkyoo Kong, Suzy Kim, Juree Kim, Kyung Ran Park, Young-Joo Shin, Sun Young Ma, Bae-Kwon Jeong, Su Ssan Kim, Yong Bae Kim, Dong Soo Lee, Jaehyung
European Journal of Cancer Care.2019; 28(2): e12961. CrossRef - Development and Usability of a Life-Logging Behavior Monitoring Application for Obese Patients
Ju Yeon Lee, Ju Young Kim, Seung Ju You, You Soo Kim, Hye Yeon Koo, Jeong Hyun Kim, Sohye Kim, Jung Ha Park, Jong Soo Han, Siye Kil, Hyerim Kim, Ye Seul Yang, Kyung Min Lee
Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2019; 28(3): 194. CrossRef - Obesity and Related-factors in Patients with Chronic Mental Illness Registered to Community Mental Health Welfare Centers
Eun-Suk Park, Eun-Hyun Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(1): 76. CrossRef - Prevalence and Factors related to Irritable Bowel Syndrome in University Students
Jin-Hee Park, Young-Mi Jung, Hye Jin Lee, Ji-Young Seo
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2018; 25(4): 282. CrossRef - Determinants of binge eating disorder among normal weight and overweight female college students in Korea
Youl-Ri Kim, Bo In Hwang, Gi Young Lee, Kyung Hee Kim, Mirihae Kim, Kwang Kee Kim, Janet Treasure
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity.2018; 23(6): 849. CrossRef - Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Young Women according to Breakfast Frequency in Seoul
Da-Mee Kim, Youl-Ri Kim, Kyung-Hee Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(2): 102. CrossRef - Study on the change and acculturation of dietary pattern of Southeast Asian workers living in South Korea
Eun Jung Lee, Kyung-Ran Lee, Seung-Joo Lee
Appetite.2017; 117: 203. CrossRef - Dietary Habit Survey of Preschool Children in Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do
Hye Won Kim, Bogim Gil
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2017; 27(1): 29. CrossRef - A Comparative Analysis of the Relationship between Food Neophobia Scale and Korean Food Perception of Southeast Asian Workers Living in South Korea
Kyung-Ran Lee, Eun Jung Lee
Journal of The Korean Society of Food Culture.2016; 31(2): 131. CrossRef - Comparative Study on Dietary Life of Southeast Asian Workers Living in South Korea
Eun Jung Lee, Kyung-Ran Lee
Journal of The Korean Society of Food Culture.2015; 30(4): 422. CrossRef - Assessment of Menu Plan Prepared by Middle School Students According to Ordinary Meal Pattern and Single Serving Size
Jung-Ok Kim, Youngnam Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(4): 333. CrossRef
- High Prevalence and Risk Factors of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Among University Students in South Korea
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- 3 Download
- 23 Crossref
- [English]
- Development and Evaluation of the Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Folate Intake in Women of Child-bearing Age
- Bo Ram Han, Hyun Sook Bae
- Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(2):156-166. Published online April 30, 2012
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.2.156
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Abstract
PDFPubReader
- The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the simple semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing folate intake in women of reproductive age. We developed a 30-item FFQ, and tested the reliability and validity in 97 women aged between 20 and 39 yrs using the FFQs and 24-h recalls, which were carried out twice, respectively. Assessing the reliability, the correlation coefficients were 0.53 (Spearman's) and 0.49 (Pearson's) for folate. There was no significant difference of folate intake between FFQ1 and FFQ2. 36.1% subjects were classified into the same quartile and 83.5% into the same or adjacent quartile divided by folate intake. On determining the validity, the mean folate intake obtained from the FFQ (FFQ1) and 24h-recalls (2-d) were 306.6 +/- 167.2 microg/d and 326.9 +/- 103.3 microg/d, respectively. There was no significant difference between folate intakes from the two methods. The correlation coefficients for folate were 0.24 (Spearman's) and 0.26 (Pearson's). 39.2% of the subjects were categorized into the same quartile and 70.1% were into the same or adjacent quartile. In addition, sensitivity (64.3%) and specificity (62.3%) were estimated to evaluate the adequacy of folate intake. These results suggest that this FFQ would be a useful and a valuable instrument to assess the intake of folate among the Korean women of child-bearing age.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Development and application of the sodium index to estimate and assess sodium intake for Korean adults
Yeon-Kyung Lee, Taisun Hyun, Heekyong Ro, Young-Ran Heo, Mi-Kyeong Choi
Nutrition Research and Practice.2022; 16(3): 366. CrossRef - Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Young Women according to Breakfast Frequency in Seoul
Da-Mee Kim, Youl-Ri Kim, Kyung-Hee Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(2): 102. CrossRef - Development of a Questionnaire for Dietary Habit Survey of Korean Adults
Jin Suk Jo, Ki Nam Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(3): 258. CrossRef
- Development and application of the sodium index to estimate and assess sodium intake for Korean adults
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- 3 Crossref
- [English]
- Validation of Food Security Measures for the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- Kirang Kim, Seo Ah Hong, Sung Ok Kwon, Bo Youl Choi, Ga Young Kim, Se Young Oh
- Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(6):771-781. Published online December 31, 2011
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.6.771
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Abstract
PDFPubReader
- The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of food security measures, which was developed based on the US household food security survey module (US HFSSM) with content validity in the Korean population. The reliability and validity were assessed by internal consistency, construct validity and criterion-related validity. The study included 446 households. Among those, 46.2% were households with children. The proportion of food insecure households was 33.3%. Among those, 35.4% and 64.6% households were food insecure with hunger and without hunger, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.84 and the infit value by the Rasch model analysis ranged from 0.68 to 1.43. The scale item response curves by food insecurity severity explained well the nature and characteristics of food security, indicating the highest proportion of "yes" for the items on diet quality, followed by those with diet quantity. The result of criterion-related validity showed that food insecurity status was significantly related in a dose-response manner with the household income level, food expenditure, subjective health state, subjects' educational level. Household food security status was also related to dietary diversity regarding protein foods, fruits and fruit juice, and milk and dairy product. These findings suggest that the food security instrument is reliable and valid and would be used to assess food security status in the Korean population.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Changes in food sufficiency among Korean adults in urban and rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of the 7th and 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sarang Jeong, Jin-Young Jeong, Sohyun Park
Epidemiology and Health.2024; : e2024045. CrossRef - Associations of Food Insecurity with Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Risk of Low Muscle Strength
Su Min Kim, Yoon Jung Park, Hyesook Kim, Oran Kwon, Kwang Suk Ko, Yuri Kim, Yangha Kim, Hyesook Park, Seungyoun Jung
Nutrients.2023; 15(5): 1120. CrossRef - Food insecurity and unmet healthcare needs in South Korea
Hwi Choe, Tae-Young Pak
International Journal for Equity in Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Food Insecurity Is Associated with Dietary Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019–2020
Jeong-Hwa Choi
Nutrients.2023; 15(3): 772. CrossRef - A relationship between food environment and food insecurity in households with immigrant women residing in the Seoul metropolitan area
Sung-Min Yook, Ji-Yun Hwang
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(3): 264. CrossRef - The Health and Nutritional Status of Children (10–18 years) Belonging to Food Insecure Households: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2012–2019)
Sowon Jung, Jieun Shin, Myoungsook Lee
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(17): 6695. CrossRef - Relationships of food security with skeletal muscle mass and handgrip strength by sex
Kayoung Lee
Nutrition.2022; 102: 111746. CrossRef - The Gangwon Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Study: Methods and Initial Baseline Data
Yoon Jeong Cho, Sohyun Park, Sung Soo Kim, Hyo Jin Park, Jang Won Son, Tae Kyung Lee, Sangmo Hong, Jee-Hyun Kang, Seon Mee Kim, Yang-Hyun Kim, Won Jun Kim, Young Eun Seo, Yoosuk An, Sang Youl Rhee, Suk Chon, Sookyoung Jeon, Kyungho Park, Bong-Soo Kim, Cha
Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2022; 31(4): 303. CrossRef - Food Security Moderates the Relationships of Muscle Mass with Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance
Kayoung Lee
Journal of Bone Metabolism.2022; 29(1): 23. CrossRef - Association Between the Use of Tobacco Products and Food Insecurity Among South Korean Adults
Seo Young Kang, Hong-Jun Cho
International Journal of Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Socioeconomic status, food security, and chewing discomfort of Korean elders: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Hye-Sun Shin, Ae-Jung Im, Hee-Jung Lim
Nutrition Research and Practice.2022; 16(1): 94. CrossRef - Food Security Status is not Associated with Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults
Jung Woo Lee, Woo-Kyoung Shin, Yookyung Kim
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2021; 19(4): 192. CrossRef - Association Between Food Security and 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Differs by Gender and Weight Status
Kayoung Lee
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Household Food Insecurity: Comparison between Families with and without Members with Disabilities
Jong Eun Park, So Young Kim, Se Hee Kim, Eun Ju Jeoung, Jong Hyock Park
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(17): 6149. CrossRef - Combined effects of disease management and food insecurity on physical and mental health in Korean adults
Hyun Ja Kim, Kirang Kim
Public Health Nutrition.2020; 23(1): 112. CrossRef - Objective and perceived food environment and household economic resources related to food insecurity in older adults living alone in rural areas
Jae Eun Shim, Ji-Yun Hwang, Kirang Kim
BMC Geriatrics.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - Spatial Disparity in Food Environment and Household Economic Resources Related to Food Insecurity in Rural Korean Households with Older Adults
Jae Eun Shim, Seo-jin Kim, Kirang Kim, Ji-Yun Hwang
Nutrients.2018; 10(10): 1514. CrossRef - Health and nutritional status of Korean adults according to age and household food security: Using the data from 2010~2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Geun Ah Park, Sung Hee Kim, Seok Joong Kim, Yoon Jung Yang
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(6): 603. CrossRef - The Influence of Community Characteristics on Food Insecurity Korean Adults
Jun Park, Gilwon Kang, Yangju Tak, Sounghoon Chang, Kunsei Lee, Hyeongsu Kim
Health Policy and Management.2016; 26(3): 226. CrossRef - Association of food insecurity and depression in Korean adults
Kowoon Lee, Hye-Sook Yoo
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(1): 62. CrossRef - Household Food Insecurity Is Associated with Adverse Mental Health Indicators and Lower Quality of Life among Koreans: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012–2013
Hye-Kyung Chung, Oh Kim, So Kwak, Yoonsu Cho, Kyong Lee, Min-Jeong Shin
Nutrients.2016; 8(12): 819. CrossRef - Household food insufficiency is associated with dietary intake in Korean adults
Sang Eun Lee, Yoon Ju Song, Young Kim, Jeongsook Choe, Hee-Young Paik
Public Health Nutrition.2016; 19(6): 1112. CrossRef - Household food insecurity and dietary intake in Korea: results from the 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Hyun Ja Kim, Kyungwon Oh
Public Health Nutrition.2015; 18(18): 3317. CrossRef - Nutritional and health consequences are associated with food insecurity among Korean elderly: Based on the fifth (2010) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1)
Seungjae Lee, Kyung Won Lee, Ji Eun Oh, Mi Sook Cho
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(6): 519. CrossRef - Food Insecurity and Related Risk Factors in the Elderly: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 Data
Hye-Sang Lee
Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2015; 21(4): 308. CrossRef - Flavonoid intake according to food security in Korean adults: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007~2012
Shinyoung Jun, Eunju Hong, Hyojee Joung
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(6): 507. CrossRef - A Study on the Living Conditions of Rural Women and the Determinants of Their Life Satisfaction
Jeong In Bae, Ung Im Park, Hye Sang Lee, Geun Mee Ahn, Woon Seon Jeong
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2013; 24(4): 485. CrossRef
- Changes in food sufficiency among Korean adults in urban and rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of the 7th and 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- 60 View
- 1 Download
- 27 Crossref
- [English]
- Development of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Pre-school Children in Korea
- Young Lim, Se Young Oh
- Korean J Community Nutr 2002;7(1):58-66. Published online February 28, 2002
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Abstract
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- The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate the reliability of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) intended to measure mainly nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat, calcium and iron) related to growth in pre-schoolers in Korea. Based on foods with up to 90 cumulative percent contribution of the 5 nutrients, we developed a SFFQ for 86 foods. In order to evaluate the reliability of both nutrient and food intakes, caregivers of a sample of 101 children aged 4 to 6 years completed the SFFQ repeatedly at 3 month intervals. There were small differences in the nutrient intakes assessed by the SFFQ ranging from 0.55% to 9.91%. There were no significant differences in nutrient values calculated from the repeat questionnaires, except in the case of niacin and vitamin C. The Pearson correlation coefficients of most of the nutrients ranged form 0.54 to 0.75 (mean = 0.66). When energy intake was adjusted, there was approximately a 0.2 decrease in the correlation coefficient of most nutrients, due to the high correlation of energy intake with other nutrients (r=0.7-0.9). The amount of food intake differed by 0.1 to 66.4% (mean = 17.5%), depending on the food item. Out of 86 foods, 74 foods (86%) showed less than a 30% difference in intake and 30 foods (35%) showed less than a 10% difference. Only 6 (7%) out of the 86 foods presented statistically significant differences in intake. The Spearman correlation coefficients of most food intakes assessed repeatedly by the SFFQ ranged from 0.4 to 0.7. Reproducibility of the nutrient and food intakes found in this study was better or similar to those found in cases of Korean adults. Therefore, the SFFQ developed in the present study can be a useful tool to assess the dietary intake of pre-schoolers in Korea.
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- [English]
- The Development and Evaluation of a Simple Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess the Dietary Intake of Adults in Large Cities
- Hee Ja Lee, Haeng Shin Lee, Myung Ju Ha, Seung Hee Kye, Choi Il Kim, Choong Won Lee, Jin Sook Yoon
- Korean J Community Nutr 1997;2(3):349-365. Published online August 31, 1997
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Abstract
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- Using data obtained from 1,473 adults aged 18-68 yrs, residing in large cities and by use of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, we assessed the relative importance of various foods as indicators of both the amount and the variability of selected nutrient intake to develop a simple food frequency questionnaire. Since Cronbach's alpha value of the questionnaire including 78 food items was 0.76, the reliability of this questionnaire was acceptable. A large fraction of the variability of nutrient intake in this population could be explained by the small number of food items. The estimation of dietary nutrient intake such as total calories or protein content, which are derived from almost all foods, will require more food items with nutrients such as calcium or vitamin A, which are concentrated in a few food items. A dietary history ascertaining the intake of as few as 5-19 food items mighted be all needed in order to determent the association between disease outcome and the intake of a single nutrient. There was certainly a high level of agreement with nutrient intake by the sbujects who were cross-classified by quartiles of nutrient indices based on all the food items(78) and by quartiles of nutrient indices based on food items selected by stepwise multiple regression for selected nutrients. The data provided further evidence that useful information on dietary intake over an extended period can be obtained by a simple and relatively inexpensive food frequency questionnaire.
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