Miyong Yon; Hye-Sun Shin; Haeng Shin Lee

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.2.97

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Research Article
Relationship between Complementary Feeding Introduction and Early Childhood Caries: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2015: Miyong Yon, Hye-Sun Shin, Haeng Shin Lee; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2019;24(2):97-105.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.2.97
Published online: April 30, 2019

¹Nutrition Policy and Promotion Team, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Chungbuk, Korea, Principal Researcher.

²Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea, Visiting Professor.

³Department of Lifecare Industry, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Chungbuk, Korea, Director.

Corresponding author: Miyong Yon. Nutrition Policy and Promotion Team, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongseangmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongjusi, Chungbuk 28159, Korea. Tel: (043) 713-8613, Fax: (043) 713-8907, ymy0827@khidi.or.kr

• Received: May 30, 2018 • Revised: March 20, 2019 • Accepted: March 20, 2019

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
This study examined whether the infant feeding type and duration are related to the introduction of complementary feeding, and whether the appropriate introduction of complementary feeding in infancy is related to tooth decay in toddlers.
Methods
The subjects were 1,521 toddlers among 2~3 year old children in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2015. The toddlers were divided into the appropriate group (4~6 months) and delayed group (>6 months) according to the timing of complementary feeding introduction.
Results
The delayed group were 26.5% of subjects and the formula feeding period in the appropriate group and delayed group was 8.4 and 10.3 months, respectively (P=0.002). On the other hand, there was no difference in the breastfeeding period between the appropriate group and delayed group (P=0.6955). Early childhood caries was more common in the delayed group (P=0.0065). The delayed introduction of complementary feeding was associated with a risk of early childhood caries according to the logistic models (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.27–2.57).
Conclusions
The introduction of complementary feeding is associated with early childhood caries. Therefore, the importance of the proper introduction of complementary feeding in infancy should be emphasized, and public relations and education for maternal care and breastfeeding should be provided through health care institutions.
Keywords: complementary feeding; infant feeding; early childhood caries; toddler

REFERENCES

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Fig. 1

Distribution of toddlers according to the timing of complementary feeding introduction

Table 1

Distribution of subjects according to the complementary feeding introduction N (%)

Data are presented as number of subjects and weighted percentage.

1) p value obtained by chi-square test.

Table 2

Comparison of dental care behavior according to the complementary feeding introduction N (%)

Data are presented as number of subjects and weighted percentage.

1) p value obtained by chi-square test.

Table 3

Comparison of feeding type according to the complementary feeding introduction N (%)

Data are presented as number of subjects and weighted percentage.

1) p value obtained by chi-square test.

Table 4

Comparison of feeding duration according to the complementary feeding introduction (Mean ± SD)

1) P-value obtained by t-test.

Table 5

Distribution of participants introduction of complementary feeding and early childhood caries N (%)

Data are presented as number of subjects and weighted percentage.

1) P-value obtained by chi-square test.

Table 6

Odds ratio for early childhood caries in subgroups (N=1,390)

Table 7

Odds ratio for early childhood caries among 2~3 years old toddlers (N=1,390)

Data were analyzed by complex samples logistic regression.

Independent variable is introduction of complementary feeding (categorical variable).

Model 1: Models were unadjusted association.

Model 2: Models were adjusted for household income and mode of feeding

Model 3: Models were adjusted for household income, mode of feeding and regular dental checkup

Model 4: Models were adjusted for household income, mode of feeding and tooth brushing frequency

Model 5: Models were adjusted for household income, mode of feeding, regular dental checkup, and tooth brushing frequency

Bold denotes p<0.05.

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

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Relationship between Complementary Feeding Introduction and Early Childhood Caries: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2015

Korean J Community Nutr. 2019;24(2):97-105. Published online April 30, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.2.97

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Relationship between Complementary Feeding Introduction and Early Childhood Caries: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2015

Fig. 1 Distribution of toddlers according to the timing of complementary feeding introduction

Fig. 1

Relationship between Complementary Feeding Introduction and Early Childhood Caries: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2015

Table 1

Distribution of subjects according to the complementary feeding introduction N (%)

Data are presented as number of subjects and weighted percentage.

1) p value obtained by chi-square test.

Table 2

Comparison of dental care behavior according to the complementary feeding introduction N (%)

Data are presented as number of subjects and weighted percentage.

1) p value obtained by chi-square test.

Table 3

Comparison of feeding type according to the complementary feeding introduction N (%)

Data are presented as number of subjects and weighted percentage.

1) p value obtained by chi-square test.

Table 4

Comparison of feeding duration according to the complementary feeding introduction (Mean ± SD)

1) P-value obtained by t-test.

Table 5

Distribution of participants introduction of complementary feeding and early childhood caries N (%)

Data are presented as number of subjects and weighted percentage.

1) P-value obtained by chi-square test.

Table 6

Odds ratio for early childhood caries in subgroups (N=1,390)

Table 7

Odds ratio for early childhood caries among 2~3 years old toddlers (N=1,390)

Data were analyzed by complex samples logistic regression.

Independent variable is introduction of complementary feeding (categorical variable).

Model 1: Models were unadjusted association.

Model 2: Models were adjusted for household income and mode of feeding

Model 3: Models were adjusted for household income, mode of feeding and regular dental checkup

Model 4: Models were adjusted for household income, mode of feeding and tooth brushing frequency

Model 5: Models were adjusted for household income, mode of feeding, regular dental checkup, and tooth brushing frequency

Bold denotes p<0.05.

Table 1 Distribution of subjects according to the complementary feeding introduction N (%)

Data are presented as number of subjects and weighted percentage.

1) p value obtained by chi-square test.

Table 2 Comparison of dental care behavior according to the complementary feeding introduction N (%)

Data are presented as number of subjects and weighted percentage.

1) p value obtained by chi-square test.

Table 3 Comparison of feeding type according to the complementary feeding introduction N (%)

Data are presented as number of subjects and weighted percentage.

1) p value obtained by chi-square test.

Table 4 Comparison of feeding duration according to the complementary feeding introduction (Mean ± SD)

1) P-value obtained by t-test.

Table 5 Distribution of participants introduction of complementary feeding and early childhood caries N (%)

Data are presented as number of subjects and weighted percentage.

1) P-value obtained by chi-square test.

Table 6 Odds ratio for early childhood caries in subgroups (N=1,390)

Table 7 Odds ratio for early childhood caries among 2~3 years old toddlers (N=1,390)

Data were analyzed by complex samples logistic regression.

Independent variable is introduction of complementary feeding (categorical variable).

Model 1: Models were unadjusted association.

Model 2: Models were adjusted for household income and mode of feeding

Model 3: Models were adjusted for household income, mode of feeding and regular dental checkup

Model 4: Models were adjusted for household income, mode of feeding and tooth brushing frequency

Model 5: Models were adjusted for household income, mode of feeding, regular dental checkup, and tooth brushing frequency