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Use of Dietary Supplements and Determinants of Taking Dietary Supplements by Gender in the Korean Population: Using the 4(th) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2009)
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Research Article
Use of Dietary Supplements and Determinants of Taking Dietary Supplements by Gender in the Korean Population: Using the 4(th) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2009)
Yun Jung Lee, Minji Kang, Hee Young Paik, YoonJu Songorcid
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2017;22(4):347-355.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.4.347
Published online: August 31, 2017

1Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

2Major of Food and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea.

Corresponding author: YoonJu Song. Department of Food and Nutrition, 43, Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Korea. Tel: (02) 2164-4681, Fax: (02) 2164-6583, yjsong@catholic.ac.kr
• Received: June 20, 2017   • Revised: August 5, 2017   • Accepted: August 18, 2017

Copyright © 2017 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Objectives
    Although dietary supplements use in Korea has been rapidly increasing and women are more likely to take dietary supplements more than men, only a few studies have been conducted to investigate factors contributing to gender differences in dietary supplement use in the Korean population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of dietary supplement use and also identify gender-specific key factors that contribute to it using the data of the 4th KNHANES.
  • Methods
    Subjects were divided into user and non-user groups according to the answer given to the question that asked whether they had used any dietary supplement for more than 2 weeks on a regular basis during the previous year. Factors related to dietary supplement use were examined by general characteristics, health behavior and eating behavior.
  • Results
    Prevalence of dietary supplement use was 13.6% for men and 20.6% for women. Users were more likely to be middle-aged, have higher income and education, have a spouse, or reside in dong areas in both men and women. Regarding health behaviors, men with desirable lifestyle behavior were more likely to take dietary supplements, while men who smoked were less likely to take dietary supplements. Regarding disease history, both men and women with a current disease had higher odds of taking supplements. With regard to dietary behavior, frequent eating out and nutrition attitude were associated with higher odds of taking supplements in both men and in women.
  • Conclusions
    Health or dietary behavior related factors that were associated with taking supplements differed by gender. These findings can be useful for planning gender-specific dietary education and health programs.
  • Keywords: dietary supplements; gender; health behavior; disease history; dietary behavior
This study was supported by the research fund, 2017 of the Catholic University of Korea.
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Fig. 1

Prevalence of supplement use across age groups by gender

All analyses including prevalence of dietary supplements accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights of the national survey using PROC SURVEY procedure in the SAS program.
Rao-Scott chi-square p values were obtained using PROC SURVEYFREQ, ***0.001, **0.01.
kjcn-22-347-g001.jpg
Table 1

General characteristics of dietary supplement users among Korean adults aged 20 years or more by gender

kjcn-22-347-i001.jpg

1) All analyses including prevalence of dietary supplements accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights of the national survey using PROC SURVEY procedure in the SAS program.

Table 2

Lifestyle behavior of supplement users among Korean adults aged 20 years or more by gender

kjcn-22-347-i002.jpg

1) All analyses including prevalence of dietary supplements accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights of the national survey using PROC SURVEY procedure in the SAS program. Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted with age, education level, household income, spouse and residential area.

2) Healthy group included subjects having at least one of desirable behaviors with regard to drinking, smoking and physical activity.

Table 3

Health status and disease history of supplement users among Korean adults aged 20 years or more by gender

kjcn-22-347-i003.jpg

1) All analyses including prevalence of dietary supplements accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights of the national survey using PROC SURVEY procedure in the SAS program. Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted with age, education level, household income, spouse and residential area.

2) Disease history was determined by having all available diseases that had been assessed in the KNHANES, which included cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, respiratory, digestive system, endocrine metabolic, cancer and other chronic conditions.

3) Metabolic disease was determined having at least one disease of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes.

Table 4

Dietary behaviors of supplement users among Korean adults aged 20 years or more by gender

kjcn-22-347-i004.jpg

1) All analyses including prevalence of dietary supplements accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights of the national survey using PROC SURVEY procedure in the SAS program. Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted with age, education level, household income, spouse, residential area, smoking, self-assessed health and disease history.

2) It included three attitudes of nutrition education, knowing guidelines of diets, reading nutrient labels.

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

    Citations

    Citations to this article as recorded by  
    • Effect of Dietary Supplements on Vitamin and Mineral Intake Among Koreans: Data From the 2018-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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    • Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Vitamins and Minerals According to Consumption of Dietary Supplements in Korean Adults and the Elderly: Report Based on 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data
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      Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(4): 329.     CrossRef
    • Dietary Safety Management Awareness and Competency for Healthcare among Adults in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Areas
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      Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(2): 112.     CrossRef

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      Use of Dietary Supplements and Determinants of Taking Dietary Supplements by Gender in the Korean Population: Using the 4(th) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2009)
      Korean J Community Nutr. 2017;22(4):347-355.   Published online August 31, 2017
      DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.4.347
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    Use of Dietary Supplements and Determinants of Taking Dietary Supplements by Gender in the Korean Population: Using the 4(th) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2009)
    Image
    Fig. 1 Prevalence of supplement use across age groups by gender All analyses including prevalence of dietary supplements accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights of the national survey using PROC SURVEY procedure in the SAS program. Rao-Scott chi-square p values were obtained using PROC SURVEYFREQ, ***0.001, **0.01.

    Fig. 1

    Use of Dietary Supplements and Determinants of Taking Dietary Supplements by Gender in the Korean Population: Using the 4(th) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2009)

    General characteristics of dietary supplement users among Korean adults aged 20 years or more by gender

    1) All analyses including prevalence of dietary supplements accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights of the national survey using PROC SURVEY procedure in the SAS program.

    Lifestyle behavior of supplement users among Korean adults aged 20 years or more by gender

    1) All analyses including prevalence of dietary supplements accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights of the national survey using PROC SURVEY procedure in the SAS program. Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted with age, education level, household income, spouse and residential area.

    2) Healthy group included subjects having at least one of desirable behaviors with regard to drinking, smoking and physical activity.

    Health status and disease history of supplement users among Korean adults aged 20 years or more by gender

    1) All analyses including prevalence of dietary supplements accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights of the national survey using PROC SURVEY procedure in the SAS program. Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted with age, education level, household income, spouse and residential area.

    2) Disease history was determined by having all available diseases that had been assessed in the KNHANES, which included cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, respiratory, digestive system, endocrine metabolic, cancer and other chronic conditions.

    3) Metabolic disease was determined having at least one disease of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes.

    Dietary behaviors of supplement users among Korean adults aged 20 years or more by gender

    1) All analyses including prevalence of dietary supplements accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights of the national survey using PROC SURVEY procedure in the SAS program. Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted with age, education level, household income, spouse, residential area, smoking, self-assessed health and disease history.

    2) It included three attitudes of nutrition education, knowing guidelines of diets, reading nutrient labels.
    Table 1 General characteristics of dietary supplement users among Korean adults aged 20 years or more by gender

    1) All analyses including prevalence of dietary supplements accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights of the national survey using PROC SURVEY procedure in the SAS program.

    Table 2 Lifestyle behavior of supplement users among Korean adults aged 20 years or more by gender

    1) All analyses including prevalence of dietary supplements accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights of the national survey using PROC SURVEY procedure in the SAS program. Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted with age, education level, household income, spouse and residential area.

    2) Healthy group included subjects having at least one of desirable behaviors with regard to drinking, smoking and physical activity.

    Table 3 Health status and disease history of supplement users among Korean adults aged 20 years or more by gender

    1) All analyses including prevalence of dietary supplements accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights of the national survey using PROC SURVEY procedure in the SAS program. Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted with age, education level, household income, spouse and residential area.

    2) Disease history was determined by having all available diseases that had been assessed in the KNHANES, which included cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, respiratory, digestive system, endocrine metabolic, cancer and other chronic conditions.

    3) Metabolic disease was determined having at least one disease of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes.

    Table 4 Dietary behaviors of supplement users among Korean adults aged 20 years or more by gender

    1) All analyses including prevalence of dietary supplements accounted for the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights of the national survey using PROC SURVEY procedure in the SAS program. Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted with age, education level, household income, spouse, residential area, smoking, self-assessed health and disease history.

    2) It included three attitudes of nutrition education, knowing guidelines of diets, reading nutrient labels.

    Table 1

    Table 2

    Table 3

    Table 4

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