Han Byul Jang; Hwa Young Lee; Young-Hee Han; Jeehye Song; Ki Nam Kim; Taisun Hyun

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.3.324

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Original Article
Changes in Food and Nutrient Intakes of College Students between 1999 and 2009: Han Byul Jang, Hwa Young Lee, Young-Hee Han, Jeehye Song, Ki Nam Kim, Taisun Hyun; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2011;16(3):324-336.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.3.324
Published online: June 30, 2011

Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.

Corresponding author: Taisun Hyun, Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea. Tel:(043) 261-2790, Fax:(043) 267-2742, taisun@chungbuk.ac.kr

• Received: May 25, 2011 • Revised: June 7, 2011 • Accepted: June 22, 2011

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Abstract
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REFERENCES

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to examine the changes of food and nutrient intakes of college students between 1999 and 2009. Dietary survey of 169 college students was conducted by a 24-hour recall method for three days in 2009. Food and nutrient intakes in 2009 were compared with the data from 106 students collected by the same methods in 1999. The intakes of cereals & grain products and vegetables in 2009 were lower than those of 1999, but the intakes of meats, eggs, milk & milk products, and manufactured food were higher. The intake of rice per person decreased greatly from 452.2 g in 1999 to 351.4 g in 2009 in males, and from 306.9 g to 237.2 g in females. While the intakes of protein, fat, thiamin, niacin, vitamin B₆, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and cholesterol were significantly higher, the intakes of dietary fiber were significantly lower in 2009 compared to 1999 both in males and females. The nutrients consumed less than the Recommended Intakes were vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, and calcium in males and additionally folate, iron, and zinc in females in both 1999 and 2009. The ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat as energy was 61 : 15 : 24 and 60 : 14 : 26 in 1999, and 54 : 16 : 30 and 56 : 15 : 29 in 2009 in males and females respectively, showing that carbohydrate intake decreased and fat intake increased greatly. Our data suggest that nutrition education is necessary for college students to help them consume more vegetables and fruits and less fat and cholesterol.
Keywords: college students; food intake; nutrient intake; dietary survey

NOTES

This work was supported by the research grant of the Chungbuk National University in 2009.

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Fig. 1

Comparison of food source consumed by the subjects

Fig. 2

Percentages of energy from carbohydrate, protein, and fat.

Fig. 3

Nutrient intakes of male students as percentages of Recommend Intakes.

1) Energy intake was compared with Estimated Energy Requirement.

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly different between 1999 and 2009 by t-test

Fig. 4

Nutrient intakes of female students as percentage of Recommend Intakes.

1) Energy intake was compared with Estimated Energy Requirement

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly different between 1999 and 2009 by t-test

Fig. 5

Percentages of male students whose intake of selected nutrient was less than Estimated Average Requirement.

1) Estimated Energy Requirement was used for energy

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01: Significantly different by χ²-test

Fig. 6

Percentages of female students whose intake of selected nutrient was less than Estimated Average Requirement.

1) Estimated Energy Requirement was used for energy

^**: p < 0.01: Significantly different by χ²-test

Table 1

Age and anthropometric data of the subjects

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01 Significantly different from the data in 2009 by t-test

Table 2

Body mass index (BMI) distribution of the subjects

1) N (%)

Table 3

General characteristics of the subjects

1) N (%)

^*: p < 0.05, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly different by χ²-test

Table 4

Mean intakes of food groups

1) Change rate = intake in 2009/intake in 1999

2) unit: g

Table 5

Top 10 most consumed foods in 1999 and 2009

Table 6

Mean daily nutrient intakes of the subjects

1) Mean ± SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001: Significantly different from the intakes in 2009 by t-test

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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Changes in Food and Nutrient Intakes of College Students between 1999 and 2009

Korean J Community Nutr. 2011;16(3):324-336. Published online June 30, 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.3.324

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Figure

We recommend

Changes in Food and Nutrient Intakes of College Students between 1999 and 2009

Fig. 1 Comparison of food source consumed by the subjects

Fig. 2 Percentages of energy from carbohydrate, protein, and fat.

Fig. 3 Nutrient intakes of male students as percentages of Recommend Intakes. 1) Energy intake was compared with Estimated Energy Requirement. *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 Significantly different between 1999 and 2009 by t-test

Fig. 4 Nutrient intakes of female students as percentage of Recommend Intakes. 1) Energy intake was compared with Estimated Energy Requirement *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 Significantly different between 1999 and 2009 by t-test

Fig. 5 Percentages of male students whose intake of selected nutrient was less than Estimated Average Requirement. 1) Estimated Energy Requirement was used for energy *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01: Significantly different by χ2-test

Fig. 6 Percentages of female students whose intake of selected nutrient was less than Estimated Average Requirement. 1) Estimated Energy Requirement was used for energy **: p < 0.01: Significantly different by χ2-test

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Changes in Food and Nutrient Intakes of College Students between 1999 and 2009

Table 1

Age and anthropometric data of the subjects

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01 Significantly different from the data in 2009 by t-test

Table 2

Body mass index (BMI) distribution of the subjects

1) N (%)

Table 3

General characteristics of the subjects

1) N (%)

^*: p < 0.05, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly different by χ²-test

Table 4

Mean intakes of food groups

1) Change rate = intake in 2009/intake in 1999

2) unit: g

Table 5

Top 10 most consumed foods in 1999 and 2009

Table 6

Mean daily nutrient intakes of the subjects

1) Mean ± SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001: Significantly different from the intakes in 2009 by t-test

Table 1 Age and anthropometric data of the subjects

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01 Significantly different from the data in 2009 by t-test

Table 2 Body mass index (BMI) distribution of the subjects

1) N (%)

Table 3 General characteristics of the subjects

1) N (%)

^*: p < 0.05, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly different by χ²-test

Table 4 Mean intakes of food groups

1) Change rate = intake in 2009/intake in 1999

2) unit: g

Table 5 Top 10 most consumed foods in 1999 and 2009

Table 6 Mean daily nutrient intakes of the subjects

1) Mean ± SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001: Significantly different from the intakes in 2009 by t-test