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Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Vitamins and Minerals According to Consumption of Dietary Supplements in Korean Adults and the Elderly: Report Based on 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data
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Research Article
Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Vitamins and Minerals According to Consumption of Dietary Supplements in Korean Adults and the Elderly: Report Based on 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data
Ji-Myung Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2020;25(4):329-339.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.4.329
Published online: August 31, 2020
Professor, Food and Nutrition Major, Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu, Korea
Corresponding author:  Ji-Myung Kim,
Email: kjm@shinhan.ac.kr
Received: 31 July 2020   • Revised: 25 August 2020   • Accepted: 26 August 2020
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Abstract


Objective
This study was undertaken to evaluate the intake of vitamins and minerals from dietary supplements (DSs) in Korean adults and elderly.
Methods
Data for this study was generated from the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We analyzed 4,204 individuals aged 19 years and older (2,579 users and 1,625 non-users). The survey included 24-h recall questions on food and DS intakes, as well as questions on DS use over the past year. The nutrient DSs evaluated were calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C. Total nutrient intakes were obtained by combining nutrient intakes of foods and DSs consumed by each subject.
Results
Most micronutrient intakes from food (except for thiamin) in adult users, and the four micronutrient intakes (iron, vitamin A, vitamin B2 and vitamin C) in elderly users, were significantly higher than values obtained in non-users. For total intake of nutrients and DSs, both adult and elderly users had a significantly higher intake than non-users. While proportions below Estimated Average Requirements for all micronutrients by adding respective DSs in users were significantly reduced in adults and elderly as compared to non-users, the proportions of above Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for calcium and vitamin A in adults, and vitamin A in elderly, were significantly increased. In the total subjects examined, consumption of DSs was associated with lower odds ratios of undernutrition of micronutrients, and with higher odds ratios of overnutrition of calcium, iron, and vitamin A, as compared to non-users of DSs.
Conclusions
Although DSs consumption by adults and the elderly improves the micronutrient status, it also increases the risk of excessive intake of certain vitamins and minerals.


Korean J Community Nutr. 2020 Aug;25(4):329-339. Korean.
Published online Aug 31, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.4.329
Copyright © 2020 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition
Original Article

Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Vitamins and Minerals According to Consumption of Dietary Supplements in Korean Adults and the Elderly: Report Based on 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data

Ji-Myung Kim
    • Professor, Food and Nutrition Major, Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Uijeongbu, Korea.
  • Corresponding author: Ji-Myung Kim. Food and Nutrition Major, Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, 95, Hoam-ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do 480-701, Korea. Tel: (031) 870-3515, Fax: (031) 870-3519, Email: kjm@shinhan.ac.kr
Received July 31, 2020; Revised August 25, 2020; Accepted August 26, 2020.

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

This study was undertaken to evaluate the intake of vitamins and minerals from dietary supplements (DSs) in Korean adults and elderly.

Methods

Data for this study was generated from the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We analyzed 4,204 individuals aged 19 years and older (2,579 users and 1,625 non-users). The survey included 24-h recall questions on food and DS intakes, as well as questions on DS use over the past year. The nutrient DSs evaluated were calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C. Total nutrient intakes were obtained by combining nutrient intakes of foods and DSs consumed by each subject.

Results

Most micronutrient intakes from food (except for thiamin) in adult users, and the four micronutrient intakes (iron, vitamin A, vitamin B2 and vitamin C) in elderly users, were significantly higher than values obtained in non-users. For total intake of nutrients and DSs, both adult and elderly users had a significantly higher intake than non-users. While proportions below Estimated Average Requirements for all micronutrients by adding respective DSs in users were significantly reduced in adults and elderly as compared to non-users, the proportions of above Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for calcium and vitamin A in adults, and vitamin A in elderly, were significantly increased. In the total subjects examined, consumption of DSs was associated with lower odds ratios of undernutrition of micronutrients, and with higher odds ratios of overnutrition of calcium, iron, and vitamin A, as compared to non-users of DSs.

Conclusions

Although DSs consumption by adults and the elderly improves the micronutrient status, it also increases the risk of excessive intake of certain vitamins and minerals.

Keywords
dietary supplements (DSs); vitamin and minerals; adults and elderly; Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Tables

Table 1
General characteristics of dietary supplement users and non-user among Korean

Table 2
Comparison of nutrient intakes from diet and total nutrient intakes from diet and supplements between non users and users in adults

Table 3
Comparison of nutrient intakes from diet and total nutrient intakes from diet and supplements between non users and users in elderly

Table 4
Odds ratio of insufficient and excessive nutrient intakes according to use of dietary supplements

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    Citations

    Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
    • Effect of Dietary Supplements on Vitamin and Mineral Intake Among Koreans: Data From the 2018-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
      Moon Yeong Hwang, Jiyoun Hong
      Food Supplements and Biomaterials for Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Estimated dietary vitamin D intake and major vitamin D food sources of Koreans: based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2019
      Ki Nam Kim, Jung-Sug Lee, Jee-Seon Shim, Mi Ock Yoon, Hyun Sook Lee
      Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(3): 451.     CrossRef
    • A Study on the Dietary Behavior of Korean Adults: Focus on Dietary Supplement Intake, Household Size, and COVID-19
      Jinkyung Choi
      Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(6): 468.     CrossRef

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