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Biochemical Characteristics and Dietary Intake according to the Frequency of Milk Consumption in Korean Adolescents: Data from the 2010~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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Research Article
Biochemical Characteristics and Dietary Intake according to the Frequency of Milk Consumption in Korean Adolescents: Data from the 2010~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Ji Hyun Kim, Sook-Bae Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2020;25(6):485-501.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.6.485
Published online: December 31, 2020
1Teacher, Jeonju Ahjung Middle School, Jeonju, Korea
2Professor, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
Corresponding author:  Sook-Bae Kim,
Email: sbkim@jbnu.ac.kr
Received: 23 November 2020   • Revised: 9 December 2020   • Accepted: 9 December 2020
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Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to examine the biochemical characteristics and dietary intake of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years according to the frequency of milk consumption. Methods: Data from the 2010~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used for the study. The study examined adolescents’ (12~18 years) demographic characteristics (house income level, residence region, skipping or not-skipping of breakfast/lunch/dinner, eatingout frequency), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, weight status), biochemical characteristics (fasting plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatine, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, hemoglobin, hematocrit) and nutrient intakes through quantitative and qualitative evaluation using the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (KDRI), index of nutrition quality (INQ), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) of 3 groups (< 1/week, 1~6/week, 1/day) according to the frequency of milk consumption. Results: There were significant differences in gender and income levels among the 3 groups. There were no differences in height, weight, and weight status among groups. There were differences in biochemical characteristics and nutrient intake. In boys, there were differences in the mean of BUN and HDL-cholesterol, in quantitative intakes of riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus, potassium by KDRI levels, in qualitative intakes of riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by INQ and riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by NAR among 3 groups. In girls, there were differences in the mean of blood urea nitrogen, creatine, HDL-cholesterol, in quantitative intakes of protein, riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by KDRI levels, in qualitative intakes of riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by INQ and riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by NAR among the 3 groups. Conclusions: In Korean adolescents, boys had a higher frequency of milk consumption than girls, and higher the income level, higher the frequency of milk consumption. Consumption of milk appeared to have a positive association with triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and indices related to muscle mass. Regular consumption of milk is an important factor in enhancing the intake of riboflavin, calcium, and phosphorus, which adolescents lack. The results of the study indicate a need to prepare an environment and education program to increase milk consumption in adolescents at home and school.


Korean J Community Nutr. 2020 Dec;25(6):485-501. Korean.
Published online Dec 31, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.6.485
Copyright © 2020 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition
Original Article

Biochemical Characteristics and Dietary Intake according to the Frequency of Milk Consumption in Korean Adolescents: Data from the 2010~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Ji Hyun Kim,1 and Sook-Bae Kim2
    • 1Teacher, Jeonju Ahjung Middle School, Jeonju, Korea.
    • 2Professor, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
  • Corresponding author: Sook-Bae Kim. Jeonbuk National University, Baekje-daero 567, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea. Tel : (063) 270-3823, Fax: (063) 270-3854, Email: sbkim@jbnu.ac.kr
Received November 23, 2020; Revised December 09, 2020; Accepted December 09, 2020.

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to examine the biochemical characteristics and dietary intake of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years according to the frequency of milk consumption.

Methods

Data from the 2010~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used for the study. The study examined adolescents' (12~18 years) demographic characteristics (house income level, residence region, skipping or not-skipping of breakfast/lunch/dinner, eating-out frequency), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, weight status), biochemical characteristics (fasting plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatine, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, hemoglobin, hematocrit) and nutrient intakes through quantitative and qualitative evaluation using the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (KDRI), index of nutrition quality (INQ), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) of 3 groups (< 1/week, 1~6/week, ≥1/day) according to the frequency of milk consumption.

Results

There were significant differences in gender and income levels among the 3 groups. There were no differences in height, weight, and weight status among groups. There were differences in biochemical characteristics and nutrient intake. In boys, there were differences in the mean of BUN and HDL-cholesterol, in quantitative intakes of riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus, potassium by KDRI levels, in qualitative intakes of riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by INQ and riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by NAR among 3 groups. In girls, there were differences in the mean of blood urea nitrogen, creatine, HDL-cholesterol, in quantitative intakes of protein, riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by KDRI levels, in qualitative intakes of riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by INQ and riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by NAR among the 3 groups.

Conclusions

In Korean adolescents, boys had a higher frequency of milk consumption than girls, and higher the income level, higher the frequency of milk consumption. Consumption of milk appeared to have a positive association with triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and indices related to muscle mass. Regular consumption of milk is an important factor in enhancing the intake of riboflavin, calcium, and phosphorus, which adolescents lack. The results of the study indicate a need to prepare an environment and education program to increase milk consumption in adolescents at home and school.

Keywords
adolescents; frequency of milk consumption; dietary intake; KDRI; KNHANES

Tables

Table 1
Demographic characteristics of the subjects by frequency of milk consumption

Table 2
Height, weight and obesity index of the subjects by frequency of milk consumption

Table 3
Biochemical characteristics of the boys by frequency of milk consumption

Table 4
Biochemical characteristics of the girls by frequency of milk consumption

Table 5
Energy, protein, and fiber intakes of the subjects by frequency of milk consumption

Table 6
Vitamin and mineral intakes of the boys by frequency of milk consumption

Table 7
Vitamin and mineral intakes of the girls by frequency of milk consumption

Table 8
NAR and MAR of the subjects by frequency of milk consumption

Table 9
INQ of the subjects by frequency of milk consumption

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Figure & Data

References

    Citations

    Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
    • Biochemical Characteristics and Dietary Intake according to Household Income Levels of Korean Adolescents: Using Data from the 6th (2013 ~ 2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
      Yu-Kyeong Kwon, Sook-Bae Kim
      Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(6): 467.     CrossRef

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