The Changes in Obesity Prevalence and Dietary Habits in Korean Adults by Residential Area during the Last 10 Years – Based on the 4<sup>th</sup> (2007-2009) and the 7<sup>th</sup> (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

Da-Mee Kim; Kyung-Hee Kim

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.1.37

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The Changes in Obesity Prevalence and Dietary Habits in Korean Adults by Residential Area during the Last 10 Years – Based on the 4^th (2007-2009) and the 7^th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data: Da-Mee Kim, Kyung-Hee Kim; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2021;26(1):37-47.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.1.37
Published online: February 28, 2021

¹Lecturer, Dept. of Food ＆ Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea

²Professor, Dept. of Food ＆ Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Kyung-Hee Kim, Tel: +82-2-901-8591, Fax: +82-2-901-8372,
Email: khkim@duksung.ac.kr

Received: 21 December 2020 • Revised: 26 January 2021 • Accepted: 26 January 2021

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Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to discover the changes in obesity prevalence and dietary habits in Korean adults residing in various residential areas during the last 10 years. Methods: Data on Korean adults aged 19 years and above was obtained from the 4^th (2007-2009) and the 7^th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were classified into metropolitan 4^th : n=5,977, 7^th : n=6,651), urban (4^th : n=4,511, 7^th : n=5,512) and rural (4^th : n=3,566, 7^th : n=2,570) based on their residence. The general characteristics, nutrient intake, intake amount, food groups, and healthy dietary factors were analyzed. The association between residential areas and obesity prevalence were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: In urban and rural areas, the obesity rate increased in the 7^th survey compared to the 4^th survey, excluding the metropolitan area. The carbohydrate intake decreased, and lipid intake increased in the 7^th survey compared to the 4^th survey. Over the same period, the intake of cereals and vegetables decreased, and the intake of meat and processed foods increased. Rural residents had a higher intake of cereals and vegetables, and a lower intake of milk and processed foods than those in metropolitan areas and urban residents. The proportion of subjects who practiced a healthy diet increased in the 7^th survey compared to the 4^th survey. In the 4^th survey, there was no relationship seen between the prevalence of obesity and the subject’s residential area, but in the 7^th survey, the odds ratio of obesity was higher in rural areas than in the metropolitan areas, confirming the regional gap (OR: 1.16, 95% CI=1.00-1.36, p=0.044). Conclusions: This study showed that the obesity prevalence increased in rural residents compared to metropolitan residents, indicating a gap between the regions. The nutrient intake and intake of food groups changed in the 10 years under consideration, and there were differences seen between regions. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a policy that will reduce obesity prevalence and health inequalities between regions.

Keywords: KNHANES; residential area; obesity prevalence; dietary habits; racticing a healthy diet

Korean J Community Nutr. 2021 Feb;26(1):37-47. Korean.
Published online Feb 28, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.1.37

Original Article

The Changes in Obesity Prevalence and Dietary Habits in Korean Adults by Residential Area during the Last 10 Years — Based on the 4^th (2007–2009) and the 7^th (2016–2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

Da-Mee Kim

,¹ and Kyung-Hee Kim

Author information

Author notes

- ¹Lecturer, Department of Food & Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
- ²Professor, Department of Food & Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
Kyung-Hee Kim. Department of Food & Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Samyangro-gil 144-33, Dobonggu, Seoul 01369, Korea. Tel: +82-2-901-8591, Fax: +82-2-901-8372, Email: khkim@duksung.ac.kr

Received December 21, 2020; Revised January 26, 2021; Accepted January 26, 2021.

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to discover the changes in obesity prevalence and dietary habits in Korean adults residing in various residential areas during the last 10 years.

Methods

Data on Korean adults aged 19 years and above was obtained from the 4^th (2007–2009) and the 7^th (2016–2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were classified into metropolitan (4^th: n=5,977, 7^th: n=6,651), urban (4^th: n=4,511, 7^th: n=5,512) and rural (4^th: n=3,566, 7^th: n=2,570) based on their residence. The general characteristics, nutrient intake, intake amount, food groups, and healthy dietary factors were analyzed. The association between residential areas and obesity prevalence were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.

Results

In urban and rural areas, the obesity rate increased in the 7^th survey compared to the 4^th survey, excluding the metropolitan area. The carbohydrate intake decreased, and lipid intake increased in the 7^th survey compared to the 4^th survey. Over the same period, the intake of cereals and vegetables decreased, and the intake of meat and processed foods increased. Rural residents had a higher intake of cereals and vegetables, and a lower intake of milk and processed foods than those in metropolitan areas and urban residents. The proportion of subjects who practiced a healthy diet increased in the 7^th survey compared to the 4^th survey. In the 4^th survey, there was no relationship seen between the prevalence of obesity and the subject's residential area, but in the 7^th survey, the odds ratio of obesity was higher in rural areas than in the metropolitan areas, confirming the regional gap (OR: 1.16, 95% CI=1.00–1.36, P=0.044).

Conclusions

This study showed that the obesity prevalence increased in rural residents compared to metropolitan residents, indicating a gap between the regions. The nutrient intake and intake of food groups changed in the 10 years under consideration, and there were differences seen between regions. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a policy that will sreduce obesity prevalence and health inequalities between regions.

Keywords

KNHANES; residential area; obesity prevalence; dietary habits; practicing a healthy diet

Tables

Table 1
General characteristics of study participants according to residence area and survey period in Korea

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Table 2
Energy and nutrient intakes of study participants according to residence area and survey period in Korea

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Table 3
Food group intakes of study participants according to residence area and survey period in Korea

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Table 4
Compliance of Korean adults with the healthy eating practice of the 4^th Health Plan of Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare

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Table 5
Obesity risk of Korean adults according to residential areas

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