Comparison of Nutrient Intake between Hypercholesterolemic and Normal groups based on the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Hyun-A Lee; Hyung-Sook Kim

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.5.396

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Comparison of Nutrient Intake between Hypercholesterolemic and Normal groups based on the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Hyun-A Lee, Hyung-Sook Kim; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2020;25(5):396-405.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.5.396
Published online: October 31, 2020

¹Master’s graduate, Graduate School of Education (Nutrition education), The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, Korea

²Assistant Professor, Department of Food and Nutrition, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, Korea

Corresponding author: Hyung-Sook Kim,
Email: hyungsook@suwon.ac.kr

Received: 31 July 2020 • Revised: 7 October 2020 • Accepted: 8 October 2020

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Abstract

Objectives
This study was conducted to compare the nutrient intake of normal healthy adults with those having hypercholesterolemia. Methods We analyzed data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI). A total of 12,636 adults (5,223 males and 7,413 females) aged 19 or older were included in the study. Results Males with hypercholesterolemia were older and had a higher waist circumference, body mass index, fasting blood sugar levels (FBS) and serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations compared to the normal group. Females with hypercholesterolemia were older and had higher FBS levels and serum TG concentrations compared to the normal group. While comparing nutrient intake by the 24-hour recall method, the male normal group showed a higher intake of fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), vitamin A and thiamin compared to the hypercholesterolemic group. However, the male normal group had a lower intake of iron and vitamin C compared to the hypercholesterolemic group. The female normal group had a higher intake of energy, protein, fat, SFA, MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, riboflavin, and niacin compared to the hypercholesterolemic group, but had a lower intake of iron compared to the hypercholesterolemic group. A comparison of nutrient intake by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) showed the following: There was no significant difference in nutrient intake between the normal men and women and those with hypercholesterolemia. After adjustment for confounding factors, nutrient intake by FFQ of the male normal group showed higher levels of n-3 fatty acid and vitamin C compared to the group with hypercholesterolemia. However, there was no significant difference in nutrient intake between the two groups of women. Conclusions The average intake of n-3 fatty acids and vitamin C of the male group with hypercholesterolemia was lower than that of the normal group. However, since KNHANES is a cross-sectional study, prospective cohort studies are required to analyze the risk factors of hypercholesterolemia.

Keywords: serum cholesterol concentration; nutrients intake; KNHANES VI

Korean J Community Nutr. 2020 Oct;25(5):396-405. Korean.
Published online Oct 31, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.5.396

Original Article

Comparison of Nutrient Intake between Hypercholesterolemic and Normal groups based on the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Hyun-A Lee

,¹ and Hyung-Sook Kim

Author information

Author notes

- ¹Master's graduate, Graduate School of Education (Nutrition education), The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, Korea.
- ²Assistant Professor, Department of Food and Nutrition, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, Korea.
Corresponding author: Hyung-Sook Kim. Department of Food and Nutrition, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, Gyunggi 18313, South Korea. Tel : (031) 229-8388, Fax : (031) 220-2189, Email: hyungsook@suwon.ac.kr

Received July 31, 2020; Revised October 07, 2020; Accepted October 08, 2020.

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

This study was conducted to compare the nutrient intake of normal healthy adults with those having hypercholesterolemia.

Methods

We analyzed data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI). A total of 12,636 adults (5,223 males and 7,413 females) aged 19 or older were included in the study.

Results

Males with hypercholesterolemia were older and had a higher waist circumference, body mass index, fasting blood sugar levels (FBS) and serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations compared to the normal group. Females with hypercholesterolemia were older and had higher FBS levels and serum TG concentrations compared to the normal group. While comparing nutrient intake by the 24-hour recall method, the male normal group showed a higher intake of fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), vitamin A and thiamin compared to the hypercholesterolemic group. However, the male normal group had a lower intake of iron and vitamin C compared to the hypercholesterolemic group. The female normal group had a higher intake of energy, protein, fat, SFA, MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, riboflavin, and niacin compared to the hypercholesterolemic group, but had a lower intake of iron compared to the hypercholesterolemic group. A comparison of nutrient intake by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) showed the following: There was no significant difference in nutrient intake between the normal men and women and those with hypercholesterolemia. After adjustment for confounding factors, nutrient intake by FFQ of the male normal group showed higher levels of n-3 fatty acid and vitamin C compared to the group with hypercholesterolemia. However, there was no significant difference in nutrient intake between the two groups of women.

Conclusions

The average intake of n-3 fatty acids and vitamin C of the male group with hypercholesterolemia was lower than that of the normal group. However, since KNHANES is a cross-sectional study, prospective cohort studies are required to analyze the risk factors of hypercholesterolemia.

Keywords

serum cholesterol concentration; nutrients intake; KNHANES VI

Tables

Table 1
General characteristics of subjects

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Table 2
Mean daily nutrient intake and nutrition density by the 24hour recall

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Table 3
Mean daily nutrient intake and nutrition density by food frequency questionnaire

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Table 4
Adjusted means of nutrient Intake by the 24hour recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)

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Acknowledgments

This paper is part of the master's degree research.

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