Association of Low Hand Grip Strength with Protein Intake in Korean Female Elderly: based on the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII), 2016-2018

Won Jang; Ho Kyung Ryu

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.3.226

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Association of Low Hand Grip Strength with Protein Intake in Korean Female Elderly: based on the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII), 2016-2018: Won Jang, Ho Kyung Ryu; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2020;25(3):226-235.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.3.226
Published online: June 30, 2020

¹Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea

²Professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Research Institute of Ecology, Busan, Korea

Corresponding author: Ho Kyung Ryu,
Email: hokryu@pusan.ac.kr

Received: 28 April 2020 • Revised: 18 June 2020 • Accepted: 19 June 2020

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Abstract

Objectives
Decreasing muscle strength in old age has become a significant health problem because it increases the risk of falls or fractures and transfers to other diseases. The precise role of dietary protein intake in preventing or reducing muscle weakness is unclear. This study examined the relationship between handgrip strength and protein intake in Korean female elderly.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study that used data from the Seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) on female subjects aged 65 years and older. Low handgrip strength (LHGS) was defined as a handgrip strength below than 18 kg. Dietary intake data were obtained using the 1-day 24-hour recall method. Multiple regression was performed to test whether there is an independent relationship between the grip strength and protein intake, and the association between protein intake and LHGS was confirmed through multiple logistic regression.
Results
The mean age of the 2,083 elderly females was 73.3 ± 0.1 years, and the prevalence of LHGS was 35% (n=734). Elderly women with an LHGS consumed less energy, total protein, and animal-based protein than those in the normal group. A multiple regression analysis after adjusting for covariate revealed a significant positive association between the handgrip strength and energy, protein, and animal-based protein intake. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) of LHGS in female elderly with the highest quartiles of consumption of energy [OR, 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.43- 0.82; P for trend=0.004], and animal-based protein [OR, 0.59; CI, 0.40-0.87; P for trend= 0.037] were significantly lower than those in the lowest quartiles.
Conclusions
The energy intake and animal-based protein intake were negatively associated with the LHGS. These results suggest that adequate energy intake and protein intake, particularly those from animal-based sources, for elderly women in Korea are beneficial in lowering the risk of LHGS.

Keywords: handgrip strength; sarcopenia; protein intake; animal-based protein

Korean J Community Nutr. 2020 Jun;25(3):226-235. Korean.
Published online Jun 30, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.3.226

Original Article

Association of Low Hand Grip Strength with Protein Intake in Korean Female Elderly: based on the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII), 2016–2018

Won Jang

,¹ and Ho Kyung Ryu

Author information

Author notes

- ¹Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
- ²Professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Research Institute of Ecology, Busan, Korea.
Corresponding author: Ho Kyung Ryu. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea. Tel: (051) 510-7397, Fax: (051) 583-3648, Email: hokryu@pusan.ac.kr

Received April 28, 2020; Revised June 18, 2020; Accepted June 19, 2020.

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Objectives

Decreasing muscle strength in old age has become a significant health problem because it increases the risk of falls or fractures and transfers to other diseases. The precise role of dietary protein intake in preventing or reducing muscle weakness is unclear. This study examined the relationship between handgrip strength and protein intake in Korean female elderly.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study that used data from the Seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) on female subjects aged 65 years and older. Low handgrip strength (LHGS) was defined as a handgrip strength below than 18 kg. Dietary intake data were obtained using the 1-day 24-hour recall method. Multiple regression was performed to test whether there is an independent relationship between the grip strength and protein intake, and the association between protein intake and LHGS was confirmed through multiple logistic regression.

Results

The mean age of the 2,083 elderly females was 73.3 ± 0.1 years, and the prevalence of LHGS was 35% (n=734). Elderly women with an LHGS consumed less energy, total protein, and animal-based protein than those in the normal group. A multiple regression analysis after adjusting for covariate revealed a significant positive association between the handgrip strength and energy, protein, and animal-based protein intake. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) of LHGS in female elderly with the highest quartiles of consumption of energy [OR, 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.43–0.82; P for trend=0.004], and animal-based protein [OR, 0.59; CI, 0.40–0.87; P for trend= 0.037] were significantly lower than those in the lowest quartiles.

Conclusions

The energy intake and animal-based protein intake were negatively associated with the LHGS. These results suggest that adequate energy intake and protein intake, particularly those from animal-based sources, for elderly women in Korea are beneficial in lowering the risk of LHGS.

Keywords

handgrip strength; sarcopenia; protein intake; animal-based protein

Tables

Table 1
General characteristics of the subjects

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Table 2
Dietary nutrient and food intakes of the subjects

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Table 3
Multiple regression analysis of dietary intakes and handgrip strength of the subjects

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Table 4
Risks for low handgrip strength according to quartiles of energy and protein intake

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