Su Bin Lee; Hyun Jin Choi; Mi Joung Kim

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.6.411

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The Relationships among Quality of Life and Stress, Health-related Habits and Food Intake in Korean Healthy Adults Based on 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Su Bin Lee, Hyun Jin Choi, Mi Joung Kim; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2015;20(6):411-422.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.6.411
Published online: December 31, 2015

Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Mi Joung Kim. Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, 621, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Korea. Tel: (02) 970-5644, Fax: (02) 976-4049, kmjoung@swu.ac.kr

• Received: October 14, 2015 • Revised: December 13, 2015 • Accepted: December 24, 2015

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigated the socioeconomic factors that affect quality of life (QL) in healthy adults and to study the relationship between QL and health-related habits and food intake.
Methods
Subjects consisted of 1,154 healthy adults without any known disease, aged 19 to 65 years from the 2013 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. We used SPSS statistical program version 20.0 for data analysis.
Results
The average age and QL score of the study population were 36.7 years and 0.99 points, respectively. Males had a significantly higher QL score than the females (p < 0.001), and employed subjects and those employed in permanent positions had significantly higher scores as compared respectively with unemployed subjects and those employed in temporary positions (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). The group that responded "almost every day" to the "frequency of binge drinking" and "frequency of disruption of daily life due to drinking" had significantly lower QL scores as compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Further, the scores were significantly higher for individuals who practiced "intense physical activities" and "walking" (p < 0.001). The groups that responded that they were "very stressed" showed significantly lower QL scores in comparison to the other groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in QL scores according to anthropometric or biochemical indices. When subjects were divided into two groups based on average QL scores, the frequency of intake of "barbecued beef" was significantly higher while the frequency of intake of "fried eggs or rolled omelet," and "soy milk" was significantly lower in the high QL group.
Conclusions
Based on these findings, it is evident that in healthy adults without any known underlying illnesses, psychological factors such as economic activity, occupational environment, and stress are considered to have a greater impact on their QL than are nutrient intake, blood biochemical indices, and anthropometric status.
Keywords: quality of life; health-related habits; stress; healthy adults; food intake

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a grant from Seoul Women's University (2014).

REFERENCES

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Table 1

Quality of life by general characteristics of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

3) NS: not significantly different among groups

^***: p < 0.001 by t-test in complex sample survey data analysis

Table 2

Quality of life by occupations and the status of economic activity of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

3) NS: not significantly different among groups

^***: p < 0.001 by t-test in complex sample survey data analysis

a, b: Means with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 by least significant difference multiple range test in complex sample survey data analysis.

Table 3

Quality of life by health related habits of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

3) mo: month

4) wk: week

5) NS: not significantly different among groups

^***: p < 0.001 by t-test in complex sample survey data analysis

a,b: Means with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 by least significant difference multiple range test in complex sample survey data analysis.

Table 4

Quality of life by psychological status of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

^***: p < 0.001 by t-test in complex sample survey data analysis

a,b: Means with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 by least significant difference multiple range test in complex sample survey data analysis.

Table 5

Quality of life by subjective consciousness of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

3) NS: not significantly different among groups

a,b,c: Means with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 by least significant difference multiple range test in complex sample survey data analysis.

Table 6

Quality of life1) by metabolic syndrome factors of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

3) All data are not significantly different among groups.

4) SBP: systolic blood pressure

5) DBP: diastolic blood pressure

Table 7

Nutritional intakes by low or high quality of life groups in Korean healthy adults

1) Low QL: low quality of life index group

2) High QL: high quality of life index group

3) EAR: Estimated Average Requirement, except Energy; except Energy (less than 75% of estimated energy requirement)

4) RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake, except Energy; except Energy (over than 125% of estimated energy requirement)

5) Mean±SD

6) N (%)

^***: p < 0.001

Table 8

Food intake frequency by low or high quality of life groups in Korean healthy adults

1) Low QL: low quality of life index group

2) High QL: high quality of life index group

3) χ²-scores are by Pearson's chi-square test in complex sample survey data analysis.

4) N (%)

^*: p < 0.05, ^***: p < 0.001

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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The Relationships among Quality of Life and Stress, Health-related Habits and Food Intake in Korean Healthy Adults Based on 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Korean J Community Nutr. 2015;20(6):411-422. Published online December 31, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.6.411

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The Relationships among Quality of Life and Stress, Health-related Habits and Food Intake in Korean Healthy Adults Based on 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Table 1

Quality of life by general characteristics of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

3) NS: not significantly different among groups

^***: p < 0.001 by t-test in complex sample survey data analysis

Table 2

Quality of life by occupations and the status of economic activity of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

3) NS: not significantly different among groups

^***: p < 0.001 by t-test in complex sample survey data analysis

a, b: Means with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 by least significant difference multiple range test in complex sample survey data analysis.

Table 3

Quality of life by health related habits of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

3) mo: month

4) wk: week

5) NS: not significantly different among groups

^***: p < 0.001 by t-test in complex sample survey data analysis

a,b: Means with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 by least significant difference multiple range test in complex sample survey data analysis.

Table 4

Quality of life by psychological status of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

^***: p < 0.001 by t-test in complex sample survey data analysis

a,b: Means with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 by least significant difference multiple range test in complex sample survey data analysis.

Table 5

Quality of life by subjective consciousness of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

3) NS: not significantly different among groups

a,b,c: Means with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 by least significant difference multiple range test in complex sample survey data analysis.

Table 6

Quality of life1) by metabolic syndrome factors of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

3) All data are not significantly different among groups.

4) SBP: systolic blood pressure

5) DBP: diastolic blood pressure

Table 7

Nutritional intakes by low or high quality of life groups in Korean healthy adults

1) Low QL: low quality of life index group

2) High QL: high quality of life index group

3) EAR: Estimated Average Requirement, except Energy; except Energy (less than 75% of estimated energy requirement)

4) RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake, except Energy; except Energy (over than 125% of estimated energy requirement)

5) Mean±SD

6) N (%)

^***: p < 0.001

Table 8

Food intake frequency by low or high quality of life groups in Korean healthy adults

1) Low QL: low quality of life index group

2) High QL: high quality of life index group

3) χ²-scores are by Pearson's chi-square test in complex sample survey data analysis.

4) N (%)

^*: p < 0.05, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 1 Quality of life by general characteristics of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

3) NS: not significantly different among groups

^***: p < 0.001 by t-test in complex sample survey data analysis

Table 2 Quality of life by occupations and the status of economic activity of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

3) NS: not significantly different among groups

^***: p < 0.001 by t-test in complex sample survey data analysis

a, b: Means with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 by least significant difference multiple range test in complex sample survey data analysis.

Table 3 Quality of life by health related habits of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

3) mo: month

4) wk: week

5) NS: not significantly different among groups

^***: p < 0.001 by t-test in complex sample survey data analysis

a,b: Means with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 by least significant difference multiple range test in complex sample survey data analysis.

Table 4 Quality of life by psychological status of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

^***: p < 0.001 by t-test in complex sample survey data analysis

a,b: Means with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 by least significant difference multiple range test in complex sample survey data analysis.

Table 5 Quality of life by subjective consciousness of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

3) NS: not significantly different among groups

a,b,c: Means with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 by least significant difference multiple range test in complex sample survey data analysis.

Table 6 Quality of life1) by metabolic syndrome factors of Korean healthy adults

1) Quality of life are represented as Euro Quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) index.

2) Mean±SD

3) All data are not significantly different among groups.

4) SBP: systolic blood pressure

5) DBP: diastolic blood pressure

Table 7 Nutritional intakes by low or high quality of life groups in Korean healthy adults

1) Low QL: low quality of life index group

2) High QL: high quality of life index group

3) EAR: Estimated Average Requirement, except Energy; except Energy (less than 75% of estimated energy requirement)

4) RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake, except Energy; except Energy (over than 125% of estimated energy requirement)

5) Mean±SD

6) N (%)

^***: p < 0.001

Table 8 Food intake frequency by low or high quality of life groups in Korean healthy adults

1) Low QL: low quality of life index group

2) High QL: high quality of life index group

3) χ²-scores are by Pearson's chi-square test in complex sample survey data analysis.