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Research Articles
[English]
Factors associated with malnutrition in demented and non-demented elderly residing in the community of Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study
Jinhee Kwon, Jung Hee Kim, Hyeonjin Jeong, Jung Suk Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2024;29(5):359-371.   Published online October 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2024.00013
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate and compare factors associated with malnutrition according to the presence or absence of dementia in community-dwelling elderly people.
Methods
Needs assessment data from 311 long-term care insurance (LTCI) recipients (dementia group 203; non-dementia group 108) that participated in the second pilot program of the integrated care model in community care settings under the Korean LTCI system were used. Descriptive statistical analysis, independent t-test, and analysis of variance were conducted on the sociodemographic characteristics, health and functional status, and nutritional status of the dementia and non-dementia groups. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with malnutrition in the dementia and non-dementia groups.
Results
Malnutrition occurred in 33.5% and 26.9% of participants in the dementia and non-dementia groups, respectively. In the dementia group, living with family rather than living alone (odds ratio [OR]: 3.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50–9.66; P = 0.031), increase in Korean Activities of Daily Living (K-ADL) score (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.17–1.55; P < 0.001), and increase in the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire score (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.03; P = 0.005) were associated with a higher risk of malnutrition. In the non-dementia group, the risk of malnutrition increased as the K-ADL score increased (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.04–1.39; P = 0.011) and in the depressed group (OR: 2.84; 95% CI: 1.04–7.74; P = 0.042).
Conclusions
The study results confirmed the necessity of nutritional management for community-dwelling LTCI recipients. When developing a nutritional management program, considering the differences in factors related to malnutrition between the dementia and non-dementia groups is important. This study proposes policies for improving the LTCI system in terms of nutritional management and the utilization of community resources.
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[Korean]
Foodservice Status and Perception regarding Foodservice Management in Kindergartens attached to Elementary Schools in Seoul
Ranmi Jung, Gun-Hee Kim, Jieun Oh, Sunny Ham, Seungmin Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2022;27(6):492-502.   Published online December 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2022.27.6.492
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study examines the foodservice status of kindergartens attached to elementary schools in Seoul. We further determine the perception of elementary school principals and kindergarten assistant principals on the foodservice management for kindergartens.
Methods
This survey was conducted from July 17 to 23, 2019, enrolling 207 kindergartens attached to elementary schools in Seoul. Questionnaires were sent to principals of elementary schools and assistant principals of kindergartens, and the data obtained from 89 kindergartens were included in the analysis. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: general information on subjects, foodservice management status, foodservice management status during elementary school vacations, and the perception of principals of elementary schools and assistant principals of kindergartens on foodservice management. Data are presented as frequency and percentage or mean and standard deviation. Statistical comparison between principals of elementary schools and assistant principals of kindergartens was conducted by paired t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation analysis.
Results
A separate menu (10.1%) or recipe (20.2%) that considers preschooler characteristics was rarely used for foodservice at kindergartens attached to elementary schools. Most kindergartens did not have a separate dining space (3.4%) or a dedicated cook (93.3%). Although most kindergartens (92.1%) had operational foodservice during elementary school vacations, non-professional staff and non-nutrition teacher were mainly in charge of organizing the menu and purchasing ingredients (34.1% and 41.5%, respectively). The rate of using a contract catering company (28.0%, 23.2%) was also high. Both elementary school principals and assistant principals of kindergartens showed a high perception of the necessity for providing responsibility allowances for nutrition teachers and improving the cooking environment for kindergartens during elementary school vacations.
Conclusions
There is a need for policies and administrative support measures to improve the quality of foodservices for kindergartens attached to elementary schools.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Developing educational videos to inform rightly about school foodservice from kindergarten to high school: a case study
    Gyoungok Gang, Chaewon Park, Haejin Kang, Wan Soo Hong, Yoo Kyoung Park, Sook Hee Choi, Seung Hye Kim, Jieun Choi, Jihyun Park, Hyeja Chang
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(2): 97.     CrossRef
  • A Study on the Menu Patterns and Menu Diversity of Bibimbap Meals Served by Elementary School Foodservices in the Jeonbuk Area
    Sun A Choi, Chohee Mun, Jieun Go, Jeong Ok Rho
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2024; 34(6): 444.     CrossRef
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[English]
The Changes in Obesity Prevalence and Dietary Habits in Korean Adults by Residential Area during the Last 10 Years – Based on the 4th (2007-2009) and the 7th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
Da-Mee Kim, Kyung-Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2021;26(1):37-47.   Published online February 28, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.1.37
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to discover the changes in obesity prevalence and dietary habits in Korean adults residing in various residential areas during the last 10 years. Methods: Data on Korean adults aged 19 years and above was obtained from the 4th (2007-2009) and the 7th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were classified into metropolitan 4th : n=5,977, 7th : n=6,651), urban (4th : n=4,511, 7th : n=5,512) and rural (4th : n=3,566, 7th : n=2,570) based on their residence. The general characteristics, nutrient intake, intake amount, food groups, and healthy dietary factors were analyzed. The association between residential areas and obesity prevalence were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: In urban and rural areas, the obesity rate increased in the 7th survey compared to the 4th survey, excluding the metropolitan area. The carbohydrate intake decreased, and lipid intake increased in the 7th survey compared to the 4th survey. Over the same period, the intake of cereals and vegetables decreased, and the intake of meat and processed foods increased. Rural residents had a higher intake of cereals and vegetables, and a lower intake of milk and processed foods than those in metropolitan areas and urban residents. The proportion of subjects who practiced a healthy diet increased in the 7th survey compared to the 4th survey. In the 4th survey, there was no relationship seen between the prevalence of obesity and the subject’s residential area, but in the 7th survey, the odds ratio of obesity was higher in rural areas than in the metropolitan areas, confirming the regional gap (OR: 1.16, 95% CI=1.00-1.36, p=0.044). Conclusions: This study showed that the obesity prevalence increased in rural residents compared to metropolitan residents, indicating a gap between the regions. The nutrient intake and intake of food groups changed in the 10 years under consideration, and there were differences seen between regions. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a policy that will reduce obesity prevalence and health inequalities between regions.

Citations

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  • Association between chemotherapy and the risk of developing breast cancer-related lymphedema: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
    Sung Hoon Jeong, Seong Min Chun, Hyunji Lee, Miji Kim, Mira Choi, Ja-Ho Leigh
    Supportive Care in Cancer.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activities of Morning Bread with the Addition of Whole Citron (Citrus junos seib) Powder
    Eun Jung Kwak, Hyun-Joo Lee
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2025; 36(3): 417.     CrossRef
  • Long-Term Cancer Incidence Trends in Korea (2001–2020): An Age–Period–Cohort and Joinpoint Analysis with a Focus on Younger Cohorts
    Hyungho Lee, Mingyu Kim, Geehyun Song, Jae Young Joung, Hokyung Seo, Jin-Ha Yoon, Jinsoo Chung
    Medicina.2025; 61(12): 2179.     CrossRef
  • Risk of Pancreatic Cancer After Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Analysis of the Korean National Sample Cohort
    Sung Hoon Jeong, Kyungduk Hurh, Eun-Cheol Park, Ja-ho Leigh, Seung Hoon Kim, Sung-In Jang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of ultra-processed food with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in elderly populations (urban and rural): a cross-sectional study
    Seung Jae Lee, Mi Sook Cho
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • Association of heavy metal complex exposure and neurobehavioral function of children
    Minkeun Kim, Chulyong Park, Joon Sakong, Shinhee Ye, So young Son, Kiook Baek
    Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Anti-Obesity Activity of Ethanol Extract of Veronica peregrina L.
    Su Min Kim, Cheol Park, Yung Hyun Choi, Hye Jin Hwang
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2023; 52(4): 350.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Type of Nutrition Labeling on the Healthfulness Evaluation and Purchase Intentions of Home Meal Replacements (HMR) in South Korea
    Mee-Young Joe
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(5): 387.     CrossRef
  • Blood Biochemical Characteristics, Dietary Intake, and Risk Factors Related to Poor HbA1c Control in Elderly Korean Diabetes Patients: Comparison between the 4th(2007-2009) and the 7th(2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
    Sung-Won Oh, Sook-Bae Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(5): 406.     CrossRef
  • Interactions between red and processed meat consumption and APOA5 gene variants associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults
    Woo Jeong Choi, Dayeon Shin
    Genes & Nutrition.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of Dietary Quality with Subjective Health-Related Perception and Chronic Diseases According to Age Segmentation of Korean Elderly
    Sojeong Lee, Seungmin Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(5): 363.     CrossRef
  • Regional Disparity in Adult Obesity Prevalence, and Its Determinants
    Bongjeong Kim
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2021; 46(4): 410.     CrossRef
  • Obese Frailty and Combined Exercise
    Hae Sung Lee, Jong-Hee Kim
    Exercise Science.2021; 30(4): 419.     CrossRef
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  • 11 Download
  • 13 Crossref
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Original Articles
[English]
Dietary Life, Vitamin D Status and Blood Clinical Indices of University Laboratory Workers
Jung Hyun Hwang, Hong Mie Lee, Jung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(3):245-256.   Published online June 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.3.245
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Although the number of laboratory workers is constantly increasing every year, few studies have been conducted on the health and nutritional status of these research workers. This study determined the health status of laboratory workers by analyzing their anthropometric indices, dietary life, vitamin D status and blood clinical indices.
METHODS
The subjects consisted of 100 female laboratory workers. This study investigated their diet, anthropometric indices, vitamin D status and blood clinical indices. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their duration of working in a laboratory (<1 year,≥1 year).
RESULTS
The average age and body mass index (BMI) of subjects were 23.18 years and 21.51 kg/m2, respectively Those subjects with over 1 year employment (≥1 year) had a significantly higher waist-hip ratio than that of the subjects with the less than 1 year employment (<1 year). The mean serum vitamin D level of all the subjects was 10.04 ng/mL, which is close to a level of vitamin D deficiency. There was a significantly higher average intake of calories in the over 1 year employment group as compared to that of the less than 1 year employment group. The frequency of eating sweet snacks was significantly higher for the over 1 year employment group. The correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D level and the time of exposure to sunlight, while dietary intake of vitamin D did not show correlation with the serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D level. However, the serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D level was also negatively correlated with both the percentage of body fat and visceral fat.
CONCLUSIONS
Laboratory workers are a very high risk group in terms of their nutritional status of vitamin D. Therefore, they need greater time of exposure to sunlight as well as increasing their dietary consumption of vitamin D. In addition, it is important for laboratory worker to practice regular and balanced dietary habits in order to maintain a healthy life.
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[English]
Analysis of Dietary Behaviors, Food Consumption Frequency and Blood Clinical Indices by Residence Types of Female College Students in Seoul
Ru Zi Lee, Jung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(3):183-196.   Published online June 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.3.183
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
College is an important time for students to establish their identity as an independent subjects and develop a foundation to maintain a healthy adulthood. However, after female students become college students, their eating habits are likely to become more irregular and they may experience various health problems because of excessive weight control. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the dietary behaviors and blood clinical indices of female college students by residence types.
METHODS
A total of 374 subjects were classified as home group, self-boarding group or boarding group according to residence type. Dietary habits, frequency of food intake, and eating attitudes were examined through questionnaires and anthropometric measurements and blood clinical indices were analyzed.
RESULTS
The meal most frequently skipped by female college students was breakfast, and the frequency of skipping breakfast was significantly lower in the home group than other groups. Most college students recognized that their eating habits had worsened since becoming college students, with the self-boarding group in particular feeling that their eating habits changed negatively. The consumption frequencies of protein foods, fruits, dairy products, seaweed, and fatty meats were significantly lower in the self-boarding group than other groups. The home group ate food cut into smaller pieces, while the self-boarding group tried new and rich foods. Residence types did not affect blood clinical indices.
CONCLUSIONS
The self-boarding group had inadequate dietary habits compared to the home group. Although residence type did not affect the blood clinical indices, the students still had poor dietary habits. Therefore, proper nutrition education is needed to improve the nutritional status of college students, especially those that self-board.

Citations

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  • Differences in Nutritional Status According to the Residence Types among University Students in Gwangju
    Geum-Bi Ryu, Young-Ran Heo
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2024; 53(2): 207.     CrossRef
  • Usage and Quality Satisfaction of Convenience Food at Convenience Stores according to the Eating Behavior of University Students in Southern Gyeonggi Province
    Se-In Oh, Ok-Sun Kim
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2023; 33(6): 492.     CrossRef
  • Beliefs, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and eating behaviors according to the breakfast frequency among female university students in South Korea
    Hye Jin Kim, Kyung Won Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(6): 1170.     CrossRef
  • A Franchise Hamburger Menu for University Students Determined by Identifying Selection Attributes Using Conjoint Analysis
    Yu-Ni Choi, Sung-Suk Chung, Jeong-Ok Rho
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2022; 32(4): 250.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Usage, Preference, and Satisfaction for Convenience Store Dessert among University Students in Chungbuk Area
    Go Eun Lee, Hye-In Yang, Yun-Jung Bae
    Journal of Biotechnology and Bioindustry.2021; 9: 63.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of consumption behaviors and development needs for the home meal replacement among Chinese college students studying abroad in Korea, Chinese college students in China, and Korean college students in Korea
    Mi Ae Bae, So Hyun Park, Siyao Cheng, Kyung Ja Chang
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2021; 15(6): 747.     CrossRef
  • 1,554 View
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[English]
Comparison of Dietary Behaviors and Blood Clinical Indices in Underweight, Normal Weight, Normal Weight Obese and Obese Female College Students
Su Bin Lee, Jung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(5):431-443.   Published online October 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.5.431
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Normal weight obesity (NWO) is defined as excessive body fat in the context of a normal body mass index (BMI). This condition carries a greater risk of developing noncommunicable chronic disease and has been associated with early inflammation. This study was conducted to compare the anthropometric measurements, eating behaviors, and blood clinical indices among four groups: underweight, normal, normal weight obesity and obesity.
METHODS
The subjects included 215 female college students. A questionnaire was administered regarding general characteristics, dietary behaviors, food consumption frequency. Anthropometric measurements and blood clinical indices were also investigated.
RESULTS
The average BMI, body fat percentage, waist circumference, fat-free mass, and muscle mass were highest in the obesity group (p < 0.05). Most subjects had tried to lose weight and perceived that their health was worse than before they became college students. The ratio of students in the NWO group who thought their health was very poor was significantly higher than in the other three groups (p < 0.05). The obesity and NWO groups seemed to eat more and their eating speed was significantly faster than the other groups (pv0.001). The consumption frequency of caffeinated beverages was significantly higher in the NWO group than in the other three groups (p < 0.01). WBC was significantly higher in the obesity group (p < 0.05). Serum levels of TG and total cholesterol were also significantly higher in the obesity group (p < 0.05). Serum GPT was significantly higher in the obesity group (p < 0.05) while BUN level was highest in the NWO group (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The obesity group showed the most health problems while the NWO group seemed relatively healthy. However, NWO can lead to problems such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in later life if poor dietary habits are maintained. Therefore, education in appropriate eating habits is needed for these subjects.

Citations

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  • A study on the perception of hand washing and health status in Korean adults
    Soohee Park
    Medicine.2021; 100(3): e24421.     CrossRef
  • Gender Differences and Relationships among Lifestyle and Reproductive Health in University Students
    Ju-Hee Nho, Hee Sun Kim
    Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2019; 25(4): 446.     CrossRef
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[English]
Consumption Behaviors of Energy Drinks and Comparison of Associated Factors Among College Students in Gwangju
DaWun Seo, Bok Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(4):289-301.   Published online August 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.4.289
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to examine the current status of consumption of energy drinks among college students and investigate the effects of general environmental factors, health behavior factors, caffeine knowledge levels, and perceived stress levels on consumption of energy drinks.
METHODS
A survey was conducted among a total of 479 college students in Gwangju, using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of items about general environmental factors, health behavior, caffeine knowledge, perceived stress, and energy drink consumption behaviors.
RESULTS
69.1% of participants experienced consumption of energy drinks, and specifically 82.8% of male students and 54.1% of female students experienced consumption of energy drinks (p < 0.001). The reasons for drinking energy drinks were found to be recovery from fatigue, curiosity, taste, habit, thirst relief, and stress relief. In addition, 40.7% of participants experienced drinking energy drinks mixed with alcohol, and specifically 48.6% of male students and 27.4% of female students reported drinking energy drinks with alcohol (p < 0.001). Moreover, 51.5% of participants responded that they experienced the effects of energy drinks, 31.9% reported experiencing adverse effects, and 41.1% were found to perceive the health risks. As a result of the assessment of caffeine knowledge, the participants showed a high level of knowledge of the arousal effect (77.7%) and the concentration increasing effect (70.8%) of caffeine, whereas they exhibited a low level of understanding of the health problems due to caffeine (32.6%) and adequate caffeine intake levels (24.4%). The higher levels of consumption experience of energy drinks was associated with higher body mass indexes (BMI) (p < 0.01), higher academic years (p < 0.01), lower levels of interest in health (p < 0.05), smoking (p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (p < 0.05), and higher levels of perceived stress (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The risk groups related to consumption of energy drinks among college students were identified as male students rather than female students, students in the third or fourth year of study associated with increased stress levels, and students with negative health behaviors. Therefore, support for diverse health and nutrition education for college students is required along with the improvement of internal and external environments of schools in order for college students to manage increased stress levels due to the schoolwork and preparation for employment and maintain positive health behaviors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Analysis of Caffeine Intake and Eating Disorders among College Students according to Whether an Examination was Imminent or Not
    Eun-Ji Lee, Bok-Mi Jung
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2023; 34(1): 47.     CrossRef
  • 광주광역시 지역민의 영양교육 요구도 조사 분석
    은평 양, 경윤 김, 승희 최, 금비 류, 옥경 김, 정미 윤
    Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science.2023; 39(2): 100.     CrossRef
  • A Study on the Perception and Intake of Caffeinated Beverages in Adults Aged 20 to 30 Years
    Bo-Ra Seo, Sim-Yeol Lee
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2023; 33(6): 545.     CrossRef
  • 1,379 View
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  • 3 Crossref
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[English]
Perception of Use of Environment-friendly Agricultural Products during School Foodservice of Mothers of Elementary School Students in Gyeonggi
Young Un An, Myung Hee Kim, Mi Kyeong Choi, Mi Hyun Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(3):234-242.   Published online June 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.3.234
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was to investigate the perception of mothers of elementary school students regarding environment-friendly agricultural products in school foodservice.
METHODS
A total of 282 mothers whose children were receiving environment-friendly agricultural products during elementary school foodservice in Gyeonggi participated in this questionnaire survey. The survey was conducted to investigate respondents perception and satisfaction with environment-friendly agricultural products in their children's school meals from May 29 to June 9, 2017.
RESULTS
About 79% of the subjects were satisfied with school foodservice. The most important aspects of school foodservice were nutrition (35.8%) and sanitation (34.8%). Over 80% of the subjects were aware of environment-friendly agricultural products and about 54% of the subjects checked for a certification mark when purchasing environment-friendly agricultural products. Additionally, 72.3% of the subjects knew that environment-friendly agricultural products were used at school. The advantages of using environment-friendly agricultural products in school foodservice were safety (75.5%) and high food quality (16.3%). About 66% of the mothers knew the school was receiving support from the city or education office for using environment-friendly agricultural products. Additionally, 74.5% of the mothers responded that they are willing to pay for use of environment-friendly agricultural products when subsidies were not supported.
CONCLUSIONS
The positive perception and high support for use of environment-friendly agricultural products in school foodservice among elementary students' mothers can be used as basic data for expansion of the use of environment-friendly agricultural products in school foodservice.

Citations

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  • Shifting social perceptions of dietitians in Korea after the legislation of nutrition teachers: a keyword network analysis of unstructured data
    Yunkyoung Oh, Eunsil Her
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(3): 214.     CrossRef
  • Recognition of Environmentally-friendly Agricultural Products for School Foodservice of Nutrition Teachers and Parents in 2018 at Seongnam in Gyeonggi province
    Jisoo Kwon, Wookyoun Cho
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(4): 290.     CrossRef
  • When Agricultural Waste Transforms into an Environmentally Friendly Material: The Case of Green Concrete as Alternative to Natural Resources Depletion
    Cătălina Mihaela Grădinaru, Adrian Alexandru Şerbănoiu, Danut Traian Babor, Gabriel Constantin Sârbu, Ioan Valentin Petrescu-Mag, Andrei Cristian Grădinaru
    Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics.2019; 32(1): 77.     CrossRef
  • A Study on Satisfaction of School Food Service Using Environment-friendly Agricultural Products
    Byeol Han, Ho Kim, Sung-Bum Yang
    Korean Journal of Organic Agricultue.2018; 26(4): 559.     CrossRef
  • Willingness-to-Pay on Increase of Usage for Environmental-friendly Agricultural Product in School Food Service
    Sung-Bum Yang
    Korean Journal of Organic Agricultue.2018; 26(4): 609.     CrossRef
  • 1,377 View
  • 2 Download
  • 5 Crossref
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[English]
Effects of an Intensive Management Program for Diabetic Patients on a Blood Biochemical Profile and Diabetes Knowledge
Su Jeong Yeo, Bok Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(2):148-161.   Published online April 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.2.148
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study examined the effects of nutrition education and exercise therapies on the hematological status and diabetes knowledge of diabetic patients. For this purpose, a 12-week intensive management program was provided to diabetic patients participating in an exercise program in S health subcenter in Kwangju city and the effects were analyzed.
METHODS
The subjects were 26 diabetic patients, who provided written informed consent. As a preliminary survey, this study examined the general characteristics, physical status, obesity, blood pressure, hematological status, daily activity level, diabetes knowledge, diet performance, and barriers to diet therapy. After the 12-week intensive management program was completed, a post-test was conducted in the same way as the preliminary test. The data were analyzed with using SPSS 18.0. The data from this study are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. A paired t-test was conducted to compare differences in the means before and after the program. Statistical significance was set to p < 0.05.
RESULTS
The results of the program are presented as follows. The HDL-cholesterol levels changed from 39.8 ± 10.5 mg/dL to 48.3 ± 13.1 mg/dL, showing a significant increase (p < 0.001). The blood sugar 2 hours after a meal changed from 175.2 ± 67.1 mg/dL to 140.5 ± 42.5 mg/dL, showing a significant decrease (p=0.014). The glycosylated hemoglobin levels decreased significantly from 6.7 ± 1.1% to 6.3 ± 1.0% (p=0.010). The total scores of the daily activity levels increased significantly from 3.8 ± 2.4 to 4.8 ± 2.5 (p=0.040). The scores of knowledge on diabetes increased from 11.5 ± 3.6 to 14.0 ± 3.8 (p=0.001). The scores of knowledge on diet therapy changed from 6.7 ± 2.2 to 7.9 ± 1.7, showing a significant increase (p=0.027).
CONCLUSIONS
The 12-week intensive management program intervened by nutrition education and exercise therapies induced positive changes to the HDL-cholesterol, blood sugar 2 hours after a meal, glycosylated hemoglobin, daily activity levels, and knowledge on diabetes.

Citations

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  • Impact of a public health center nutrition education program on patients with type 2 diabetes in a primary care-based chronic disease management project: a pilot intervention study
    Haerim Yang, Yoo Kyoung Park, Ji-hyun Lee, Hee-Sook Lim, Heejoon Baek, Hyejin Lee, Haeran Park, Pyunghwa Lee, Jooyoun Chung, Won Gyoung Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(6): 492.     CrossRef
  • The Associated Factors of Medical Treatment in Diabetic Patients
    Sun Ju Choi, So Yeon Ryu, Jong Park, Seong Woo Choi
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2021; 46(3): 302.     CrossRef
  • Association between diabetes mellitus and anemia among Korean adults according to sex: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2016)
    Mihye Kim, Sook-Hyun Lee, Kyoung Sun Park, Eun-Jung Kim, Sujung Yeo, In-Hyuk Ha
    BMC Endocrine Disorders.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of Nutrition Counseling by Nutrition Care Process on Diet Therapy Practice and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
    Tae-Jeong Bae, Na-Eun Jeon, Soo-Kyong Choi, Jung-Sook Seo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(3): 214.     CrossRef
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[English]
Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Young Women according to Breakfast Frequency in Seoul
Da Mee Kim, Youl Ri Kim, Kyung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(2):102-115.   Published online April 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.2.102
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Although breakfast is important to nutrition balance, prevention of overeating, and weight control, people in their 20s (males: 55.1%, females: 49.9%) were reported to have the highest rate of skipping breakfast in 2016 Korea Health Statistics. This study aims to examine dietary habits and nutrient intake depending on breakfast frequency among young women in Seoul.
METHODS
The subjects were 655 young women in Seoul from August to October 2016, and the survey was performed by using a questionnaire that included general characteristics, dietary habits, and eating behavior. Body composition was determined by bioelectric impedance analysis. Nutritional status was examined by the 24-hour recall method.
RESULTS
The participants were classified by breakfast intake frequency; ‘≥ 5 times/week (n=160)’, ‘1–4 times/week (n=327)’, and ‘breakfast skipping (n=168)’. The ‘breakfast skipping’ group had lower frequency and regularity of meals. In addition, the ‘breakfast skipping’ group had a higher frequency of eating-out and late-night meals. There was no difference in total calories between the ‘breakfast skipping’ group and other groups, but the ‘breakfast skipping’ group had significantly low carbohydrate and fiber intakes. The participants showed lower intakes of calories, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin, folic acid, calcium, potassium, and zinc in comparison with recommended intakes. Especially, the ‘breakfast skipping’ group had significantly lower fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, potassium levels compared to the ‘≥ 5 times/week’ group. For Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), the ‘breakfast skipping’ group recorded a ratio of 0.60, which was lower than those of other groups. Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) including fiber, vitamin C, calcium and phosphorus were significantly lower in the breakfast skipper group, compared to the breakfast eater group.
CONCLUSIONS
The ‘breakfast skipping’ group showed low regularity of meals and a high frequency of eating-out and late-night meals. The breakfast regular eater group showed high intake of micronutrients and quality of meals was high in general. Skipping breakfast could lower nutrient intake and quality of meals, which requires attention.

Citations

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  • Attributes of multiple concurrent functional gastrointestinal disorders in female university students in South Korea
    Hyo Kyung Kim, Hyunjung Kim, Aram Lee
    Women & Health.2024; 64(8): 674.     CrossRef
  • Beliefs, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and eating behaviors according to the breakfast frequency among female university students in South Korea
    Hye Jin Kim, Kyung Won Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(6): 1170.     CrossRef
  • Revision of Nutrition Quotient for Korean adults: NQ-2021
    Sung-Min Yook, Young-Suk Lim, Jung-Sug Lee, Ki-Nam Kim, Hyo-Jeong Hwang, Sehyug Kwon, Ji-Yun Hwang, Hye-Young Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2022; 55(2): 278.     CrossRef
  • Association between Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and Dietary Quality using Nutritional Quotient among Adults in Daegu, Korea
    Kilye Kim, Yeon-Kyung Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(5): 350.     CrossRef
  • Dietary Life of Chinese International Students according to the Frequency of University Foodservice Use in Korea
    Yan Cui, Hye-Jong Yoo, Injoo Choi, Jihyun Yoon
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(4): 291.     CrossRef
  • Development of Nutrition Quotient for Korean adults: item selection and validation of factor structure
    Jung-Sug Lee, Hye-Young Kim, Ji-Yun Hwang, Sehyug Kwon, Hae Rang Chung, Tong-Kyung Kwak, Myung-Hee Kang, Young-Sun Choi
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2018; 51(4): 340.     CrossRef
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[English]
Food Allergy Awareness and Nutritional Management by Preschooler's Faculty Members of Child Care Facilities
Soo Bin Kim, Jung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(4):298-306.   Published online August 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.4.298
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness and nutritional management of food allergy (FA) by preschooler's faculty members in child care centers.
METHODS
A questionnaire survey was conducted among faculty members of child care centers in Seoul. The questionnaire was designed to identify the prevalence of food allergies, requirements of food allergy support and differences in food management depending on the presence of allergic diseases. After excluding incomplete responses, the data of 171 faculties in 137 child care centers (95.0%) were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
According to the 137 collected questionnaires, 96 child care centers asked parents about their children's allergic disease and 151 children from 66 child care centers had food allergies. A reported 89 children from 43 child care centers had food restrictions. However, 9 child care centers (21.0%) were not aware of food restriction for children with food allergies. Only 6 child care centers (14.0%) supplied substitute foods with the same amount and type of nutrients. Forty eight faculties (28.1%) received training about food allergies. Although there were some differences according to institution type, most of the faculty members wanted food allergy-related support.
CONCLUSIONS
This study identified a lack of food allergy training for faculty members in child care centers. For proper management, it is necessary for faculty members of child care centers to be educated on overall food allergies. Food allergy-related support such as menus without allergenic ingredients, guidelines on emergency care for food allergies and anaphylaxis should be provided for faculty members in child care centers.

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  • Knowledge and management of food allergy by parents of preschool children who experience food allergies
    Seung Hui Kim, Seung-Min Lee
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(2): 184.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors for food allergy among children in Seoul: focusing on dietary habits and environmental factors
    Mijung Jang, KyooSang Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(6): 559.     CrossRef
  • Study on the snack menu pattern, food diversity and satisfaction of parent provided by Center for Children's Foodservice Management in Jeonbuk area
    Eun-Byul Sym, Jeong-Ok Rho
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(5): 501.     CrossRef
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[English]
Feasibility Study on the Dietary Improvement Program Development for Senior Citizens
Sung Hee Kim, Boram Kim, Nami Joo
Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(3):218-227.   Published online June 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.3.218
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the study was to develop dietary change program items that could be used to improve dietary life of the elderly and investigate their validity.
METHODS
The survey was were analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 21) and descriptive statistics was performed; a t-test, χ² test, One-way ANOVA and Friedman test were used to determine the priority.
RESULTS
Programs for feeding senior citizens that need to be newly established are largely divided into two fields, namely, application of welfare facilities and application of home care, classified into large, medium and sub-classes. The large class was divided into nutrition management, sanitary control, and other health management. The medium class of nutrition management was divided into nutrition education, nutrition intervention, and menu management and supply. The sub-class was composed of division into application of welfare facilities for the elderly and application of home care for the same age group. Responses showed high rate saying that all the categorized items were necessary and valid. With respect to expectation effect on a community program for old people feeding, ‘yes’ was 65 people (55.6%) showing very high expectation toward the question whether a community program for old people feeding are newly set up.
CONCLUSIONS
It is believed that nutrition for the aged will be improved and it will be a help not only to a small facilities without obligation of employing a dietician but also to the aged at home if a community program for old people feeding are newly established.
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[English]
Food Allergy Awareness and Nutritional Management by the Parents of Preschool Children
Soo Bin Kim, Jung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(5):426-439.   Published online October 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.5.426
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to measure the food allergy (FA) awareness and management by the parents of preschool children.
METHODS
A questionnaire survey was conducted with the parents of preschool children. The questionnaire was designed to identify the prevalence of food allergies, requirements of food allergy support and differences in food management according to the presence or absence allergic diseases, using a modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. After excluding incomplete responses, the data of 158 parents of preschool children (90.3%) was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
The rate of the preschool children who had experienced food allergy (FA, ever) was 38.6% while diagnosed for food allergy by doctor (Diagnosis of FA, ever) was 17.7%. Forty nine preschool children (80.3%) had food restriction, and twenty three of them (37.7%) had self-restriction without diagnosis. The consumption frequencies of allergenic foods in FA group, such as ramyeon, noodles, bread, eggs, yogurt and ice cream were significantly (p<0.001) lower than those of the other two groups. The major allergenic foods were eggs, milk, wheat and processed foods in FA group. The overall food allergy-related knowledge level of parents was insufficient. Only 26 parents (16.5%) had received training about food allergies. All parents wanted to receive food allergy-related supports. In addition, most of parents wanted information on substitute menu for children with food allergy.
CONCLUSIONS
This study identified a lack of food allergy training for the parents of preschool children and the necessity for food allergy education. Food allergy-related supports, such as menus without allergenic ingredients, guidelines for managing food allergy & anaphylaxis emergency care plan etc, should be provided to the parents in order to avoid events related to food allergies.

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  • The status of food allergy and parental burden of preschoolers in Jeju area
    Jeong Eun Oh, Eunyoung Kim, Yunkyoung Lee
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(6): 664.     CrossRef
  • Study on the snack meal management for infants and toddlers and the demand for snack products according to the sustainable dietary style of mothers in Jeonbuk area
    Ji-Eun Lee, Jeong-Ok Rho
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • Study on the status of food allergy management and importance-performance analysis about precautions of food allergy in school foodservice according to the school types in Jeonbuk area
    Ji Yeon Kim, Jeong Ok Rho
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(3): 329.     CrossRef
  • Study on the snack menu pattern, food diversity and satisfaction of parent provided by Center for Children's Foodservice Management in Jeonbuk area
    Eun-Byul Sym, Jeong-Ok Rho
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(5): 501.     CrossRef
  • Food Allergy-related Awareness and Performance of Dietitians at Children's Hospitals in Korea: Comparison of Certificate Possession among Clinical Dietitians
    Hye-Ran Shin, Sook-Bae Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(6): 512.     CrossRef
  • Food Allergy Awareness and Nutritional Management by Preschooler's Faculty Members of Child Care Facilities
    Soo Bin Kim, Jung Hee Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(4): 298.     CrossRef
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[English]
Job Perception and the Need for Job Improvement among School Nutrition Teachers in Seoul
Seoung Hee Kim, Kyung Eun Lee, Jin Sook Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(1):12-24.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.1.12
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the study were to investigate the school nutrition teachers' perception on their job and to find out recommendations needed for its improvement in order to provide a quality foodservice and nutrition education at schools.
METHODS
A total of 219 school nutrition teachers in Seoul were surveyed using self-administered questionnaires.
RESULTS
The perceived importance of the 16 job duties was rated 3.8 based on a 5-point scale (1: very unimportant - 5: very important). The importance of six duties including nutrition management, production management, nutrition education, and food safety management were rated over 4 point but that of record-keeping for documents, official reporting, and service management was rated the lowest. Importance-Performance Analysis showed that nutrition management, receiving/storage management, production management, menu management, food safety management, and equipment/facilities management should be emphasized to maintain the current performance of duties. The performance of the nutrition education and counseling needed to be improved since the importance scores were greater than average but the performance scores were lower than the average. Official reporting and miscellaneous jobs were rated the highest for simplification need. More than half of the respondents agreed that equipment/facilities management, miscellaneous jobs, service staff supervision, and service line supervision could be allocated to other school departments.
CONCLUSIONS
School nutrition teachers should invest more time and resources on their core job duties such as nutrition management, production management, food safety management, and nutrition education for providing quality foodservice and nutrition education. To reflect the environmental changes of school foodservice, a reasonable staffing index of school nutrition teachers needs to be developed. In addition, hiring an assistant or implementing school nutrition teacher internship programs can be useful to reduce workloads of the nutrition teachers.

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  • Importance, performance frequency, and predicted future importance of dietitians’ jobs by practicing dietitians in Korea: a survey study
    Cheongmin Sohn, Sooyoun Kwon, Won Gyoung Kim, Kyung-Eun Lee, Sun-Young Lee, Seungmin Lee
    Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2024; 21: 1.     CrossRef
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[English]
Evaluation of Nutrition Quotient and Related Factors in Preschool Children
Yeon Hyang Jung, Jung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(1):1-11.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to evaluate the nutrition quotient (NQ) by gender and understand which factors influence NQ in preschool children.
METHODS
Subjects were 245 children (110 boys, 135 girls) aged 4-6 years and their parents. The questionnaire composed of demographic characteristics, eating behavior factors and the NQ questions. The NQ consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items and all items were grouped into 5 factors: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. Inbody J05, a measurement device that measures individual's body composition was used to measure children's anthropometric data. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 20) and the statistical differences in variables were evaluated by Student t-test, chi2-test, One-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.
RESULTS
The total NQ score of the subjects was 65.3. The NQ score of girls (67.0) was significantly higher than that of the boys (63.2) (p<0.01). The girls' average scores of NQ factors including diversity (p<0.01) and practice (p<0.05) were higher than those of the boys. The analysis of related-factors influencing NQ scores showed that there was a significant difference among the groups according to feeding methods during infancy (p<0.05), breast feeding group being the highest. Furthermore, the NQ score showed a significant difference depending on how to correct children's unbalanced diet as well as parents' nutrition knowledge. The NQ score of obesity group tended to be lower than that of underweight group although there was no significant difference.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall results indicated that the girls had better quality of diet and eating habits than the boys. Children and their parents need proper nutrition education and counseling to correct children's eating habits and to improve diet quality in kindergartens and in children care centers.

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  • Risk assessment of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in South Korean sesame oil products
    Da Eun Hong, Da-Hyun Jeong, Sungmok Kim, Hee-Seok Lee
    Food Science and Biotechnology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Analysis of the factors that influence preschool children eating behavior by applying the health belief model: Seoul and Gyeonggi Province
    Sung-Mi Cha, Soo-Youn Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(3): 541.     CrossRef
  • Dietary Behavior and Related Factors of Preschool Children in Seocheon-gun, Korea
    Seung-Lim Lee, Sun-Im Won
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2022; 32(1): 34.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of dietary behaviors of preschool children in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do associated with the level of parents' health consciousness: using nutrition quotient for preschoolers (NQ-P)
    Soo-Youn Kim, Sung-Mi Cha
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2021; 15(2): 248.     CrossRef
  • Development of nutrition quotient for elementary school children to evaluate dietary quality and eating behaviors
    Jung-Sug Lee, Ji-Yun Hwang, Sehyug Kwon, Hae-Rang Chung, Tong-Kyung Kwak, Myung-Hee Kang, Young-Sun Choi, Hye-Young Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(6): 629.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of dietary behavior and investigation of the affecting factors among preschoolers in Busan and Gyeongnam area using nutrition quotient for preschoolers (NQ-P)
    Soo-Youn Kim, Sung-Mi Cha
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(6): 596.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of dietary behaviors among preschoolers in Daejeon: using Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers (NQ-P)
    Hye-Jin Lee, Jin Hee Kim, SuJin Song
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(2): 194.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of the types of eating behavior affecting the nutrition of preschool children: using the Dietary Behavior Test (DBT) and the Nutrition Quotient (NQ)
    Hyeon Mi Sim, Youngshin Han, Kyung A Lee
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(6): 604.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Dietary Behavior among Preschooler in Jecheon Area Using Nutrition Quotient for Preschoolers
    Sung Hee Min
    Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science.2018; 34(4): 413.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Dietary Behavior of Infants and Toddlers in Ganghwa County by Using Nutrition Quotient (NQ)
    Eun-mi Kim
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2017; 27(1): 17.     CrossRef
  • Nutritional status of 3~5 year old children attending kindergarten and childcare facilities: Using data from the 2010 and 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
    Mi Yeon Park, Pil Sook Park
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(4): 361.     CrossRef
  • The Infant and Child Growth Assistance System Based on a Smartphone
    Ki-Won Byun, Joon-Gyu Kang
    Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information.2016; 21(8): 95.     CrossRef
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[English]
Analysis of Perception and Satisfaction of Military Foodservice that are Provided According to the Ranks of the Soldiers
Jun Hee Kim, Se Jeong Bae
Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(1):53-60.   Published online February 28, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.1.53
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for efficient operation and management of the military foodservice by analyzing the satisfaction of the quality of the foodservice and the perception of the military foodservice which are provided according to the ranks of the soldiers.
METHODS
A total of 252 military personnel (48 Private, 87 Private first class, 74 Corporal and 43 Sergeant) participated in Gyeonggi area from November 1 to 30, 2013, and data were analyzed by the SPSS Win (ver 18.0).
RESULTS
The perception with foodservice, variety of menu (p < 0.001), importance (p < 0.01), problem (p < 0.05) and leftover reason (p < 0.05) significantly differed by the rank of the soldiers. With regard to the satisfaction with food, there were significant difference by rank for all items (p < 0.01). Satisfaction with facilities did not indicate significant differences by rank. Satisfaction with sanitation indicated significant difference by rank in the categories of table ware (p < 0.05), process of distribution (p < 0.05), employee's uniform (p < 0.001) and drinking water (p < 0.05). Satisfaction with service indicated significant difference by rank with regard to kindness of employees (p < 0.01), providing information on foodservice (p < 0.05) and fast distribution (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
In order to improve the satisfaction of all ranks, there is a need to offer a variety of nutritionally balanced menu and a proper amount of food provided through the voluntary food distribution services. The results also suggested the need to find a sustainable foodservice management plan to carry out satisfaction surveys regularly in the military foodservice.

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  • Safety education status and needs priorities of Korean military food service personnel using the Borich Needs Assessment and the Locus for Focus model: a cross-sectional study
    Jeongeun Park, Eunsil Her
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(4): 261.     CrossRef
  • Study on the Sodium Intake Knowledge and Practices for Reducing Sodium Intake in Soldiers
    Ji Min Hwang, Sung Hee Min, Min June Lee
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2016; 26(6): 550.     CrossRef
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[English]
Sodium-related Eating Behaviors of Parents and Its Relationship to Eating Behaviors of Their Preschool Children
Ye Seul Kim, Hong Mie Lee, Jung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(1):11-20.   Published online February 28, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.1.11
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine mothers' eating behavior and salty taste and its relationship to their preschool children's eating behaviors.
METHODS
This survey was conducted by self-report after getting permission from sixty one mothers who had preschool children. The questionnaire was focused on mothers' salty test and salt-related eating behavior of both mothers and their preschool children.
RESULTS
Comparison of eating behavior score between mother and their preschoolers showed that mothers' score was lower than their preschoolers' one. Salty foods with high preference and intake frequency by mothers and preschoolers were 'salted dry fish, stock fish' and 'soup, stew, noodle soup'. In addition, there were strong positive correlations between preference and intake frequency on most of the salty food items. Intake of Ramen soup was significantly different (p < 0.001) between the two groups. Preschoolers ate less ramen soup compared to their mothers.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall results showed that preschoolers' dietary behavior was better than the mothers' one. However, preschoolers' dietary behavior was significantly influenced by their mothers. Therefore, mothers should have an appropriate eating behavior in order to have a positive influence on their children's eating habits. In addition, the results suggested that proper nutrition education is needed for mothers of preschool children.

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  • Changes in the importance and performance of low-sodium management among childcare center cooks in Yongin, South Korea, after salinometer support programs: a descriptive study
    Jiwoo Min, Youngmi Lee, Yunhee Chang, Yujin Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(4): 304.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of dietary behaviors of preschool children in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do associated with the level of parents' health consciousness: using nutrition quotient for preschoolers (NQ-P)
    Soo-Youn Kim, Sung-Mi Cha
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2021; 15(2): 248.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of dietary behavior and investigation of the affecting factors among preschoolers in Busan and Gyeongnam area using nutrition quotient for preschoolers (NQ-P)
    Soo-Youn Kim, Sung-Mi Cha
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(6): 596.     CrossRef
  • School Dietitian Awareness, Practice, and Sodium Reduction Plan in School Meal Service
    Eun Kyung Kim, Hae Young Kim
    Korean Journal of Food & Cookery Science.2016; 32(2): 222.     CrossRef
  • Physical Activity Assessment of Preschool Children Using Accelerometer - Including Comparison of Reintegrating Counts of Different Epoch Lengths -
    Ji-Yeon Kim, Yeon-Jung Choi, Mun-Jeong Ju, Eun-Kyung Kim
    Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2016; 22(3): 214.     CrossRef
  • A Comparison of Salty Taste Assessment, Dietary Attitude and Dietary Behavior among Adult and Senior Women by Region and by Age in Korea
    Lin Jiang, Yun-Young Jung, Hyung-Sook Kim, Gi-Seon Nam, Jin-Sook Yun, Jong-Wook Kim, Yeon-Kyung Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(2): 109.     CrossRef
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[English]
The relationship between Intake of Health Foods and Dietary Behavior in Middle-Aged Women
Mi Hee Kim, Hye Jin Lee, Mi Jeong Kim, Kyung Hea Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(5):436-447.   Published online October 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.5.436
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the health food consumption patterns and their relationship to dietary behavior in middle-aged women (45-60 years).
METHODS
The exclusive face-to-face interviews by well-trained interviewers guaranteed a scientific data collection and the quality of survey data of 731 women. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the intake of the health foods, 'Intake' group (> or = 3.2, n = 488) and 'Non-intake' group (n = 243). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program.
RESULTS
The average age of the subjects was 49.8 years and 66.8% of subjects were taking the health foods. Vitamins and minerals were consumed by the subjects. The major reason for intake of health foods was that they provide nutrient supplements may prevent diseases. More than 70% of the subjects reported checking nutrition information, ingredients, recommended daily intakes, instructions, when they bought the health foods. The average dietary life score of the intake group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the non-intake group. In analysis of exploratory factors of dietary life, the intake group showed significantly higher score (p < 0.001) in 'moderation of food intake' among the 4 exploratory factors.
CONCLUSIONS
These results showed that women who took health foods had better dietary behavior than others suggesting a positive relation between the dietary behavior and the health food consumption. Therefore, we suggest that developing guidelines and then educating women about those guidelines could improve the ability of choosing health foods appropriately for their own benefit.

Citations

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  • Association of milk and dairy product consumption with the incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease incidence in middle-aged and older Korean adults: a 16-year follow-up of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
    Yeseung Jeong, Kyung Won Lee, Hyekyeong Kim, Yuri Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(6): 1225.     CrossRef
  • The Association between 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Score Calculated Using 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level among Aged 40–79 Years in Korea: The Sixth K
    Mun Hee Kim, Young Sang Kim, Hye Jin Oh, Yu Ri Kwon, Hye Won Kim
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2018; 39(3): 174.     CrossRef
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[English]
Association of Food and Nutrient Intakes with Periodontitis by Smoking Status among Korean Adults
Sunghee Kim, Areum Yu, Yoon Jung Yang
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(1):84-94.   Published online February 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.1.84
AbstractAbstract PDF
Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases in the oral cavity, and this is the leading cause of loss of teeth. Studies on the association between diet and periodontal diseases are very limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between food and nutrient intakes and the prevalence of periodontitis. Subjects were 13,391 adults participating in the 2008-2010 Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Periodontitis was diagnosed by dentists using the Community Periodontal Index. Nutrient intakes were estimated by the 24-hour dietary recall. Consumption frequencies of foods were from the food frequency questionnaire. Subjects were categorized into 'smoking' or 'non-smoking' groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the association between diet and periodontitis. The proportions of subjects having periodontitis were 26% in the non-smoking group and 37.5% in the smoking group. In the non-smoking group, intakes of fruits, dairy products, green tea, energy and vitamin C were inversely associated with the prevalence of periodontitis, but fish and coffee intakes were positively associated with the prevalence of periodontitis after adjusting for covariates. In the smoking group, protein and retinol intakes were inversely associated with the prevalence of periodontitis after adjusting for covariates. These results suggest that certain food and nutrient intakes such as fruits, dairy products, green tea, vitamin C, protein, or retinol intakes may affect the prevalence of periodontitis among Korean adults. Further studies are required to confirm these findings in other research settings.

Citations

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  • Association between consumption of milk and dairy products, calcium and riboflavin, and periodontitis in Korean adults: Using the 2007-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
    Sang Mi Koo, Deog-Gyu Seo, Yoon Jung Park, Ji-Yun Hwang
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2014; 47(4): 258.     CrossRef
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[English]
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Nutrition Counseling for Adults with Risk Factors for Dyslipidemia
Tae Young Nam, Jung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(1):27-40.   Published online February 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.1.27
AbstractAbstract PDF
Dyslipidemia is a component of the metabolic syndrome and a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Nutrition counseling is important to improve dyslipidemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition counseling in adults with risk factors for dyslipidemia diagnosed by the national health screening program. The nutrition counseling for adults with risk factors for dyslipidemia was carried out at a public health center in Gyeonggi-do. Thirty four patients out of forty five participants in the program completed the nutrition counseling program. The nutrition counseling was provided 3 times during a 12-week period. Individualized nutrition counseling to improve dietary habits was conducted after examining participants' dietary intake through questionnaires about dietary habits and whether they practice dietary guidelines. Data about serum lipid profiles, body composition, nutrition knowledge, the practice of dietary guidelines, and dietary behavior were collected before and after nutrition counseling to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition counseling. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS program (Korea ver.18.0) and significant difference was evaluated by paired t-test and chi(2)-test. Body weight, body fat and WHR were significantly decreased after nutrition counseling. Total-cholesterol, TG, and LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased but HDL-cholesterol did not show significant changes. Both scores of nutrition knowledge and the practice of dietary guidelines improved significantly (p < 0.001). This study shows that nutrition counseling helps to encourage healthy eating practices and to improve serum lipid profiles of adults with risk factors for dyslipidemia. Overall, results indicated that nutrition counseling resulted in positive changes to lower the reliance on medications. Therefore, nutrition counseling should be considered for the initial treatment of dyslipidemia.

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    Yongmin Jo, Suhyeun Cho, Young-Hee Han, Taisun Hyun
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(5): 376.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Health Behaviors and Nutritional Status related to Dyslipidemia in Korean Middle-Aged Adults - From the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2007~2010 -
    Myung-Gon Shin, Ki-Hong Yoon, Mi-Young Song
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2016; 29(5): 724.     CrossRef
  • Development of Job Standards for Clinical Nutrition Therapy for Dyslipidemia Patients
    Min-Jae Kang, Jung-Sook Seo, Eun-Mi Kim, Mi-Sun Park, Mi-Hye Woo, Dal-Lae Ju, Gyung-Ah Wie, Song-Mi Lee, Jin-A Cha, Cheong-Min Sohn
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2015; 4(2): 76.     CrossRef
  • Short-term Effects of a Lifestyle Intervention Program on Eating Behaviors, Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risks in Korean Adults
    Jiyeon Park, Hyekyeong Kim
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2014; 31(4): 37.     CrossRef
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[English]
Evaluation of Food Behavior and Nutritional Status of Preschool Children in Nowon-gu of Seoul by Using Nutrition Quotient (NQ)
Jung Hee Kim, Yeon Hyang Jung
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(1):1-11.   Published online February 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
The objectives of this study were to assess food behavior and nutritional status of preschool children by using the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for children and children's growth index. The subjects for this study were 424, 5-year old children, who enrolled in child-care centers (n = 219) and kindergartens (n = 205) in Nowon-gu, Seoul. The NQ was examined by NQ questionnaire which consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items. Their items were grouped into 5 categories: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. Children's anthropometric measurements were performed by using InBody J05. All data were statistically analyzed by SAS 9.3 and significant difference was evaluated by Student's t-test and X2-test. The rates of overweight and obesity for subjects were 11.1% and 3.3%, respectively. Total NQ score of the subjects was 65.1, which was within medium grade. The NQ score of kindergartens (66.1) was higher than that of child-care center (64.2), showing significant difference by institution type. In addition, the NQ score of obesity was significantly lower than that of normal weight subjects. The scores of balance (p < 0.05) and regularity factor (p < 0.001) were higher in kindergarten compared to child-care center. Particularly, the frequency of consumption of white milk and Ramyeon was higher (p < 0.001) and lower (p < 0.05) respectively in kindergarten compared to child-care center. Frequencies of meal regularity (P < 0.01) and breakfast eating (p < 0.001) were also higher in kindergarten compared to child-care center. These results indicate that kindergarten's children had better eating habits than those of child-care center. Overall analysis of items for food behavior checklists implies that children in Nowon-gu are short of vegetables consumption. Therefore, children and their parents need proper nutrition education and counseling to correct their eating habits and to improve their nutritional status.

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    Joo-Mee Bae, Myung-Hee Kang
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    Hee-Sook Lim, Soon-Kyung Kim, Yoon-Hyung Park, Young-Lim Shin
    The Korean Journal of Obesity.2016; 25(4): 225.     CrossRef
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    Jung-Sug Lee, Myung-Hee Kang, Tong-Kyung Kwak, Hae Rang Chung, Sehyug Kwon, Hye-Young Kim, Ji-Yun Hwang, Young-Sun Choi
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    Soo Bin Jeong, Seoyun Park, Sohyun Ahn, Jin Nam Kim, Hye-Kyeong Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(6): 513.     CrossRef
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    Mi Jeong Kim
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Breast-feeding and Obesity in Early Childhood: Based on the KNHANES 2008 through 2011
Miyong Yon, Haeng Shin Lee, Dohee Kim, Jeeyeon Lee, Jiwoon Nam, Gui Im Moon, Jinhwan Hong, Cho il Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(6):644-651.   Published online December 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.6.644
AbstractAbstract PDF
Although there has been a significant increase in breast-feeding (BF) rate in Korea, it is plateaued since 2008 and still low compared with that of other countries. Because BF has been related to lower obesity prevalence in many studies and the increase in childhood obesity became evident in Korea, we wondered if a relatively lower BF rate has anything to do with this increase. Therefore, we looked into the relationship between mode & duration of BF during infancy and weight status of toddlers using the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 through 2011. Number of 2-3 year old toddlers with complete information on BF, anthropometry and normal birth weight was 674. While 87% of them were ever-breastfed, 6.2% each of them were either obese or overweight based on the Standard Growth Chart for Korean Children. Not only the obesity prevalence was different among groups of different mode of feeding, but also the mean duration of BF was significantly longer in normal weight group (9.2 mo.) compared with obese group (5.5 mo.). Accordingly, overweight and obesity prevalence of the toddlers breast-fed for 12 months or longer was significantly lower than that of the toddlers breast-fed for less than 12 months (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.32-0.87). This study revealed that both BF and duration of BF affect the childhood obesity and, BF for 12 months or longer should be encouraged more aggressively as one of the main strategies to prevent and/or decrease childhood obesity in Korea.

Citations

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  • Comparison of the growth and nutritional status of low birth weight and normal birth weight children
    Hye-Young Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(6): 630.     CrossRef
  • Breastfeeding and impact on childhood hospital admissions: a nationwide birth cohort in South Korea
    Jeong-Seon Lee, Jae Il Shin, Sunyeup Kim, Yong-Sung Choi, Youn Ho Shin, Jimin Hwang, Jung U Shin, Ai Koyanagi, Louis Jacob, Lee Smith, Han Eol Jeong, Yunha Noh, In-Sun Oh, Sang Youl Rhee, Chanyang Min, Seong Ho Cho, Steve Turner, Guillaume Fond, Laurent B
    Nature Communications.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of Infant Feeding Characteristics With Dietary Patterns and Obesity in Korean Childhood
    Kyoung-Nam Kim, Moon-Kyung Shin
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(4): 338.     CrossRef
  • Feeding characteristics in infancy affect fruit and vegetable consumption and dietary variety in early childhood
    Kyoung-Nam Kim, Moon-Kyung Shin
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(2): 307.     CrossRef
  • Relations among Maternal Employment, Depressive Symptoms, Breastfeeding Duration, and Body Mass Index Trajectories in Early Childhood
    Jihyoung Kim
    Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health.2020; 24(2): 75.     CrossRef
  • Knowledge and health beliefs about gestational diabetes and healthy pregnancy's breastfeeding intention
    Seungmi Park, Jung Lim Lee, Jang In Sun, Youngji Kim
    Journal of Clinical Nursing.2018; 27(21-22): 4058.     CrossRef
  • Exclusive breastfeeding and partial breastfeeding reduce the risk of overweight in childhood: A nationwide longitudinal study in Korea
    Seon-Joo Park, Hae-Jeung Lee
    Obesity Research & Clinical Practice.2018; 12(2): 222.     CrossRef
  • Dietary status of young children in Korea based on the data of 2013 ~ 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Eun-kyung Kim, Byengchun Song, Se-Young Ju
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2018; 51(4): 330.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship Between Breastfeeding Duration and Preschooler Problem Behavior: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Development
    Sujeong Kang, Yea-Ji Hong, Naya Choi, Kangyi Lee
    Korean Journal of Child Studies.2017; 38(6): 63.     CrossRef
  • Factors Affecting Obesity and Overweight in Korean Preschool Children: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014
    Inju Hwang, Kyung-Sook Bang
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  • Dietary Habits and Nutrient Intakes according to Feeding Method during Infant Period in Elementary School Students
    Myung-Hwa Kang, Mi-Kyeong Choi, Hyun-Jin Kim, Yun-Jung Bae
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2015; 44(1): 57.     CrossRef
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[English]
Nutritional Assessment and Management in Long-term Care Insurance's Home Visit Care Service
Mi Ock Yoon, Hyun Kyung Moon, Seo Yeon Kim, Bok Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(2):142-153.   Published online April 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.2.142
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purpose of the study was to examine nutritional management and nutritional care demands of home-visit care service and the nutritional status of serviced elderly. The survey was carried out from 5th to 21st of January, 2011 among 37 In-Home Service institutions. The number of elderly surveyed by 143 care helpers was 281. Analysis was performed for 203 subjects (male: 44, female: 159). The age distribution was from 50 to 99 years. The grading by long-term care insuranceshowed 18,2% on level 1 and 2, and 81.8% on level 3. For the disease treatment, the proportion of implementing diet treatment turned out to be very low. The proportion of subjects living with their children was 45.3%, and living alone was 29.1%. The proportion of home-visit care among types of In-Home Service was 70%. Subjects who needed additional necessary diet management service turned out to be 40.9%. Diet management was the most necessary services from all levels. MNA (specifiy MNA) scores were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with BMI, mid-arm circumference (MAC), calf circumference (CC), intake problems, and weight loss during the last 3 months. For studied elderly, 45.3% were malnourished, and 46.8% were at the risk of malnutrition by MNA score. Based on the result of this survey, the nutritional care was not systematic on the In-Home Service. Prevention and management of the disease was much better than the treatment to improve the quality of life. We conclude that nutrition management is necessary for the elderly. To improve nutritional status of elderly in home care services, systematic nutrition management should be implemented.

Citations

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  • Factors associated with malnutrition in demented and non-demented elderly residing in the community of Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study
    Jinhee Kwon, Jung Hee Kim, Hyeonjin Jeong, Jung Suk Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(5): 359.     CrossRef
  • The Factors Affecting Frailty among the Elderly in Korea: A Study Using the Frailty Cohort
    DaSol Park, Hee-Sun Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 20(1): 670.     CrossRef
  • Current Status of Sanitary and Nutritional Food Service in Elderly Day Care Center
    Jeonghyeon Woo, Yoo Kyoung Park, Mi-Hyun Kim, Soo-Kyung Lee, Kyunghee Song, Hye-Kyeong Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(5): 374.     CrossRef
  • Feasibility Study on the Dietary Improvement Program Development for Senior Citizens
    Sung-Hee Kim, Boram Kim, Nami Joo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(3): 218.     CrossRef
  • Job importance, job performance, and job satisfaction in dietitians at geriatric hospitals or elderly healthcare facilities in Jeju
    Hye-Sook Kang, Yunkyoung Lee, In-Sook Chae
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016; 49(3): 189.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Health Status and Mini Nutritional Assessment according to Self-esteem of Elderly in Care Hospital    
    Eun-mi Kim, Jin Kwon
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2015; 25(4): 631.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Sense of Belonging, Powerlessness and Nutritional status of Elderly People
    Mi-Hye Kim, Hae-Kyung Chung
    Journal of The Korean Society of Food Culture.2015; 30(1): 118.     CrossRef
  • Nutrition Status of Elderly Female Patients in Long-term Care Hospital according to Meal Types and Eating Ability
    Hyejin Ahn, Juhee Kang, Hongmie Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(2): 187.     CrossRef
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[English]
Assessment of Physical Activity Pattern, Activity Coefficient, Basal Metabolic Rate and Daily Energy Expenditure in Female University Students
Yoonji Park, Jung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(1):45-54.   Published online February 28, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.1.45
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to investigate the physical activity pattern, activity coefficient, basal metabolic rate and energy expenditure of female university students. One-day activity diaries were collected from 95 female university students in Seoul. Body composition was measured by Inbody 720. Subjects spent 7 hr 8min on sleeping, 6 hr 31min on studying, 2 hr 50min on physiological activity, 2 hr 3min on leisure, 2 hr 2min on walking and jogging, 1 hr 58 min on commuting and 22min on house chores. The activity coefficient of these subjects was 1.58. The comparison of body composition of subjects according to PAL showed that body weight, body fat mass, arm circumference and arm muscle circumference of physically active group were significantly higher than those of the sedentary group. BMR calculated by Harris-Benedict (H-B) formula and DRI formula and BMR measured by Inbody 720 was 1375 kcal, 1306 kcal and 1209 kcal, respectively. Total energy expenditure (TEE) examined by one-day activity diaries and calculated by H-B formula and estimated energy requirement (EER) formula in DRI was 2102.1 kcal, 2184.4 kcal, and 2164.5 kcal, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient between TEE examined by one-day activity diaries and H-B TEE was 0.795 (p < 0.001) while that between TEE examined and DRI EER was 0.604 (p < 0.001). Overall data indicated that female university students seemed to be less active. Therefore it is recommended that universities develop good exercise programs for their students. Further studies are needed to generate more meaningful results with a larger sample size and using machine attached to the body, which are able to detect physical activity more accurately.

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  • Measurement of Energy Expenditure Through Treadmill-based Walking and Self-selected Hallway Walking of College Students - Using Indirect Calorimeter and Accelerometer
    Ye-Jin Kim, Cui-Sang Wang, Eun-Kyung Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(6): 520.     CrossRef
  • A Study on the Body Composition, Physical Activity Level, Basal Metabolic Rate, and Daily Energy Expenditure of Elderly in Busan
    Hwa-Jae Lim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(2): 178.     CrossRef
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[English]
Status and Relationships among Lifestyle, Food Habits, and Stress Scores of Adults in Chungnam
Yeon Ja Seo, Mi Hyun Kim, Myung Hee Kim, Mi Kyeong Choi
Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(5):579-588.   Published online October 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.5.579
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to investigate the association among demographic characteristics, lifestyle, food habits, and stress status of 437 males and females aged over 25 years in Chungnam. Overall, the stress status of the subjects was high showing an average of 103 points out of 156 points based on the something scale. Results of the study revealed that marital status, exercise status, and health status had significant relationships with food habits and stress scores. The subjects who were married, had a higher frequency of exercise, and were healthier, had a significantly higher food habit score but a significantly lower stress score compared with their counterparts. Also, food habit scores had a significantly negative relationship with stress scores. Thus, this research showed possible links among healthy food habits, desirable lifestyle, and low stress status. In other words, people who experience a high level of stress may be more likely to have unhealthy food habits, resulting in a poor healthy conditions. These results show that appropriate food habits and adequate dietary management are deemed necessary for people with a high degree of stress. Further in-depth studies are needed to clarify a direct relationship between stress and food habits and to determine the proper diet that may help relieve stress.

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  • Relationship between sweet food intake and stress among college students in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas
    Jun-Gyeong Kim, Jounghee Lee, Kyunghee Song
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(4): 373.     CrossRef
  • Association between stress and dietary habits, emotional eating behavior and insomnia of middle-aged men and women in Seoul and Gyeonggi
    Onjeong Choi, Jiwon Kim, Yujin Lee, Youngmi Lee, Kyunghee Song
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2021; 15(2): 225.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Dietary Habits, Life Stress and Nutrition Knowledge of High School Students in Gyeonggi Area
    Kyung Ae Park, Hongmie Lee, Kyunghee Song
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(2): 126.     CrossRef
  • Eating Habits of the University Students affected by Stress Levels in the Areas of Seoul and Gangwon Province
    Jeongsill Lee
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2015; 28(5): 782.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between Stress, Social Support and Healthy Diet Score among Chinese University Students in Korea
    Sunghee Lee, Zhen Feng, Youngmee Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(4): 273.     CrossRef
  • Antioxidative Activity of Feral Haw (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE) Seed Extracts Using Various Solvents
    Min-A Kim, Yishan Duan, Jong-Hwan Seong, Hun-Sik Chung, Han-Soo Kim
    Korean journal of food and cookery science.2014; 30(1): 33.     CrossRef
  • A comparative study on dietary behavior, nutritional knowledge and life stress between Korean and Chinese female high school students
    Sohwan Son, Yoona Ro, Hwajin Hyun, Hongmie Lee, Kyunghee Song
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2014; 8(2): 205.     CrossRef
  • Antioxidative activities of various solvent extracts from haw (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge)
    Yishan Duan, Min-A Kim, Jong-Hwan Seong, Hun-Sik Chung, Han-Soo Kim
    Korean Journal of Food Preservation.2014; 21(2): 246.     CrossRef
  • A comparative study on dietary behavior, nutritional knowledge and life stress between Korean and Chinese female high school students
    Sohwan Son, Yoona Ro, Hwajin Hyun, Hongmie Lee, Kyunghee Song
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2014; 8(2): 205.     CrossRef
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[English]
The Relationship among Insulin Resistance, Blood Profiles and Nutrient Intake in Overweight or Obese Children and Adolescents
Jae Hee Kim, Eun Kyung Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(5):530-542.   Published online October 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.5.530
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purposes of this study were to investigate blood profiles and nutrient intakes of groups that are different in obese levels, and to find the credible predictor of insulin resistance. The subjects were classified as normal weight (%IBW < or = 110), obese without MS and obese with MS according to IDF definition of the risk group in metabolic syndrome (MS). Subjects of this study were included 137 (59 boys, 78 girls) free living children and adolescents (mean age 12.6 +/- 3.4 years) in Gangneung area, South Korea. %IBW of normal weight (94.9%), obese without MS (123.8%) and obese with MS (131.5%) were significantly different among groups. HOMA-IR had positive correlations with TG (r = 0.634), waist circumference (r = 0.553), atherogenic index (r = 0.513), %IBW (r = 0.453) and ALT (r = 0.360), but showed negative correlations with HDL cholesterol (r = -0.417, p < 0.001). HOMA-IR showed positive correlation with polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (p < 0.05). The energy intake of obese with MS was 1762 kcal/day which was not significantly different from those of normal weight and obese without MS. Total fatty acid intakes of two obese groups were significantly higher than that of normal weight. The results of this study suggest that waist circumference and ALT as well as TG, atherogenic index and weight can be credible indices to predict the insulin resistance in children and in adolescents. In addition, nutrition education and adequate diet should be provided to prevent MS in children and in adolescents.

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  • Assessment of dietary quality and nutrient intake of obese children in Changwon area
    Ji-Sook Park, Ha-Neul Choi, Jae-Young Kim, Sang-Hyuk Ma, Jung-Eun Yim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2022; 55(6): 630.     CrossRef
  • Biochemical Index, Nutrition Label Use, and Weight Control Behavior in Female Adolescents: Using the 2010 and 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Mi-Ja Choi, Hyun-Ju Jo, Mi-Kyung Kim
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2020; 9(1): 32.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with Obesity among Korean Adolescents based on the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016)
    Hyun Young Koo, Eun Kyung Lee
    Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(1): 28.     CrossRef
  • Effects of interaction betweenSLC12A3polymorphism, salt-sensitive gene, and sodium intake on risk of child obesity
    Joohyun Jung, Myoungsook Lee
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(1): 32.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Eating Behavior and Nutritional Status Using the Nutrition Quotient in Obese Children
    Hee-Sook Lim, Soon-Kyung Kim, Yoon-Hyung Park, Young-Lim Shin
    The Korean Journal of Obesity.2016; 25(4): 225.     CrossRef
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[English]
A Comparison of Salty Taste Assessments and Dietary Attitudes and Dietary Behaviors Associated with High-Salt Diets in Four Regions in Korea
Hyun Hee Kim, Yun Young Jung, Yeon Kyung Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(1):38-48.   Published online February 29, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.1.38
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purpose of this study was to compare regional differences in salty taste assessments, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and dietary behaviors associated with high-salt diets in four national regions in Korea (Region 1: Seoul, Sokcho, Region 2: Buyeo, Jecheon, Gong Ju, Region 3: Daegu, Gyeongsan, Region 4: Jeon Ju). Subjects were 860 persons who participated in sodium reduction campaign. The result of the salty taste assessment by region was not significantly different. The nutrition knowledge score of subjects in Region 1 was the highest. Dietary attitude scores that showed preference for high-salt diets of Region 2 and Region 4 subjects were higher than those of Regions 1 and 3 subjects (p < 0.001). Dietary behavior scores were not significantly different among regions. The correlation between sodium intake and salty taste assessment was significant (p < 0.01). Older subjects who had high blood pressure levels and lower nutrition knowledge were more likely to have high sodium intakes. Even though the salty taste assessment and dietary behavior scores by region were not significantly different, the salty taste assessment scores had a significant negative correlation with nutrition knowledge and had a significant positive correlation with dietary attitude and dietary behavior in terms of preference for high-salt diets. Therefore, nationwide education regarding salt intake reduction and health and a campaign to encourage favorable attitudes and behavioral changes regarding consumption of a no-salt / low-salt diet is needed.

Citations

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    Mi Jeung Im, Dong Sook Cho
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    Hei-Ryeo Yoon, Nam-E Kang, Juhyeon Kim
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    Sunhee Seo, O.Y. Kim, J. Ahn
    The Journal of nutrition, health and aging.2016; 20(3): 316.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of salty taste assessment, high-salt dietary attitude and high-salt dietary behavior by stage of behavior change among students in Daegu
    Hye-Hyun Hwang, Eun-Kyung Shin, Hye-Jin Lee, Tae-Yoon Hwang, Young Ae Kim, Yeon-Kyung Lee
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016; 49(1): 36.     CrossRef
  • Salt-Related Dietary Attitudes, Behaviors, and Nutrition Knowledge of University Students according to Estimated Salt Intake Using Urinary Salt Signal
    Mi-Hyun Kim, Daun Min, Eungyoung Jang, Jee-Young Yeon, Jong Wook Kim, Yun-Jung Bae
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2015; 44(2): 226.     CrossRef
  • A Study on Sodium-related Dietary Attitude and Behaviors According to Sodium-related Nutrition Knowledge of University Students
    Mi-Hyun Kim, Jee-Young Yeon, Jong Wook Kim, Jae-Eon Byun, So-Young Bu, Mi-Kyeong Choi, Yun-Jung Bae
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(5): 327.     CrossRef
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    Ye Seul Kim, Hong Mie Lee, Jung Hee Kim
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    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2015; 28(3): 376.     CrossRef
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    Lin Jiang, Yun-Young Jung, Hyung-Sook Kim, Gi-Seon Nam, Jin-Sook Yun, Jong-Wook Kim, Yeon-Kyung Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(2): 109.     CrossRef
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    Mee Sook Lee
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    Kyung-A Lee
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2014; 43(7): 1122.     CrossRef
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    Jeongok Rho, Hyuna Kim
    Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2013; 22(4): 693.     CrossRef
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    Hyun-Hee Kim, Yeon-Kyung Lee
    Korean Journal of Nutrition.2013; 46(1): 26.     CrossRef
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    Lin Jiang, Yeon-Kyung Lee
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    Mi-Hye Kim, Hae-Kyung Chung
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture.2013; 28(6): 585.     CrossRef
  • Association between Preferences of Salty Food and Acuity and Preferences of Taste of the Elderly People Living in Rural Area
    Mee Sook Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(3): 223.     CrossRef
  • The Association between Smoking, Alcohol Intake, and Low-Salt Diet: Results from the 2008 Community Health Survey
    In-Ae Chun, Jong Park, Mi-Ah Han, Seong-Woo Choi, So-Yeon Ryu
    Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2013; 19(3): 223.     CrossRef
  • Measurements of Salinity and Salt Content by Menu Types Served at Industry Foodservice Operations in Daegu
    Ji-Ae Kim, Yun-Hwa Kim, Moon-Young Ann, Yeon-Kyung Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2012; 17(5): 637.     CrossRef
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[English]
Intake Pattern and Needs Assessment for the Development of Web-Contents on Health Functional Foods according to Age of Adults
Jeong Ohn, Jung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(1):26-37.   Published online February 29, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.1.26
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was done to analyze the consumption patterns of health functional food (HFF) as well as to perform needs assessment for the development of web-contents on HFF according to age of adults. The subjects were 238 male and female adults, divided into 4 groups by their age. This study collected all information by self-administrated questionnaires. The awareness on HFF was high in the older adults. The younger adults showed more negative responses to reliability and safety on HFF. The main reason for the consumption of HFF was to supplement nutrients and to prevent diseases. The main types of HFF consumed by adults were nutritional supplementary food, red ginseng products, and glucosamine products. There was higher consumption of nutritional supplementary food in the younger adults and glucosamine products in the older adults. Internet users had low level of satisfaction, with tendency to complain poor contents, reliability, difficulties in searching as problems of the pre-existing HFF websites. As useful methods for provision of information on HFF, most adults wanted general information, articles written by experts and videos. They also wanted to know the safety and side effects of HFF. Requirement of contents composition were various in-depth information, clear indication of citation, fresh updated data while that of display composition was easily-findable, uncomplicated, allowing mutual exchange of communication through bulletin board. These results can be used as basic data that reflect the consumer's needs for developing HFF web-contents according to age of adults.

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  • Consumer Awareness Survey for Providing Accurate Information on Health Functional Foods
    Su Jin Park, Seong Bo Shim, Jung Bin Lee, Ko Woon Ju, Hae-Jeung Lee, Joonbae Hong
    Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety.2025; 40(3): 255.     CrossRef
  • Systematic Search and Qualitative Evaluation of Dietary Supplement Mobile Applications: Using the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS)
    Hyeon Ji Lee, Si Hyun Seong, Hyunjin Chung, Yun Jeong Lee, Jae-Hyun Kim
    Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy.2023; 33(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • Optimization of an analytical HPLC-DAD method for detecting hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives from mixtures of Saussurea grandifolia and Taraxacum coreanum
    Hak-Dong Lee, Leo Adrianne Paje, Sullim Lee, Ki Sung Kang, Kyungki Hong, Hyukjin Kwon, Sanghyun Lee
    Applied Biological Chemistry.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sang-Hoon Yoon, Jungtae Leem, Younghee Yun, Ye-Yong Choi, Eunji Lee, Jongseung Park, Moonjoo Cheong
    The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2020; 41(1): 14.     CrossRef
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    Ji-Eun Jung, Sung-Eun Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(1): 54.     CrossRef
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    Su Jin Kim, Seon Young You, Min A Lee, Eunju Park
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(5): 374.     CrossRef
  • Consumer Perception Survey on the Health Functional Foods for Weight Control
    Mi-Young Park, Kyung-Hye Kong, Myoungsook Lee
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2019; 29(2): 148.     CrossRef
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    Mi-Hyun Kim, Jeonghee Surh
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    Young-Soon Kim, Byung Bum Choi
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    Chang-Gue Son
    Journal of Korean Medicine.2015; 36(4): 35.     CrossRef
  • Influencing Factors of Sales Process and Task Education on Sales of Health Functional Food in Door-to-door Saleswomen
    Minyoung Nam, Sun Yoon, Hae-Young Lee, Hye-Kyung Chung
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    Son Chang-Gue
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  • The relationship between Intake of Health Foods and Dietary Behavior in Middle-Aged Women
    Mi-Hee Kim, Hye-Jin Lee, Mi-Jeong Kim, Kyung-Hea Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(5): 436.     CrossRef
  • Industry and Consumers Awareness for Effective Management of Functional Animal-based Foods in South Korea
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    Preventive Nutrition and Food Science.2013; 18(4): 242.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Korean black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) fruit administration on DNA damage levels in smokers and screening biomarker investigation using 1H-NMR-based metabolic profiling
    Hyo Won Suh, So-Hyun Kim, Shin Jung Park, Sun-Hee Hyun, Seok-Young Lee, Joong-Hyuck Auh, Hong Jin Lee, Soo-Muk Cho, Jung-Hyun Kim, Hyung-Kyoon Choi
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[English]
Influencing Factors on the Dietary supplements Consumption among Children in Korea
Jeeyeon Lee, Dohee Kim, Yoonna Lee, Eunmi Koh, Youngsoo Jang, Hyeyoung Lee, Youngae Jang, Cho il Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(6):740-750.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.6.740
AbstractAbstract PDF
With a recent increase in dietary supplements (DS) consumption among children in Korea, this study was performed to examine the influencing factors on children's DS consumption. A nationwide survey was conducted employing 3 representative samples of children for summer & fall of 2008 and spring of 2009 by stratified multistage sampling of 120 survey sites per season based on the 2005 census population. Approximately 30 households from each survey site were screened for residing children of 0-19 years and about 1,700 households remained as eligible samples per season. Trained dietitians visited households to perform face-to-face interview to children and/or parents regarding DS consumption including health functional foods (HFF), vitamins/minerals (V/M) supplements and other food supplements during 1 month prior to interview. Out of 5,328 children responded, 18.7% reported DS consumption. Consumption rate was higher in boys (19.9% vs. 17.3% in girls, P < 0.05) and youngsters (22.8% compared to 15.0% in adolescents, P < 0.001). Children from higher income family (P < 0.001), those living in apartments (P < 0.001), those residing in metropolitan area (P < 0.001), and those of mothers with higher education (P < 0.001) were more likely to take DS. Also, mother's employment status and occupation were significantly associated with children's DS consumption. The most popular DS was HFF (72.1%), which was consumed more in children of higher income family. It is revealed that socioeconomic factors affect children's DS consumption significantly. Also it is necessary to estimate children's V/M intake from DS and foods together especially because there are tolerable upper limits set for V/M for safety purposes.

Citations

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  • A Study on the Dietary Behavior of Korean Adults: Focus on Dietary Supplement Intake, Household Size, and COVID-19
    Jinkyung Choi
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(6): 468.     CrossRef
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    Jung-Hwa Choi, Youjin Je
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(4): 352.     CrossRef
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    Dong Soo Kang, Kun Song Lee
    Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition.2014; 17(3): 178.     CrossRef
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    Ji Hye Han, Hyun Sook Lee, Sun Hyo Kim
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture.2014; 29(4): 364.     CrossRef
  • Dietary Supplements Use and Related Factors of Preschoolers in 3 Korean Cities
    Hye Sil Kim, Hye Young Lee, Mi Kyung Kim
    Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition.2013; 16(2): 104.     CrossRef
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Randomized Controlled Trial
[English]
Weight Control Program through the Fortification of Food Consumption Monitoring on Obese Female College Students: Using Smart-Phone with Real Time Communication Application
Young Suk Kim, Jae Kyung Shin, In Sun Hong, Seon Hee Kim, Un Jae Chang
Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(6):697-705.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.6.697
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of real time communication digital photography method using Kakao Talk application in smart-phone for the fortification of food consumption monitoring and weight reduction. Thirty-four female college students were randomly assigned to the camera-phone (CP) group or smart-phone (SP) group. Each group participated in the weight control program for 8 weeks. The mean energy intake of CP group during program was 1353.5 kcal and the SP group consumed 1289.2 kcal. The total energy intake of both groups was significantly decreased during the program. The CP group lost 1.9 kg of body weight and 1.9% of body fat and the SP group lost 4.3 kg of body weight and 3.0% of body fat. The body weight was significantly decreased in the SP group compared to the CP group. The triglyceride and total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol level of SP group were significantly decreased during the program. However, there were no significant changes in CP group during the program. Also there were no significant changes in lipid profile between two groups. In this study, it is considered that real time communication digital photography method using Kakao Talk application in smart-phone might influence weight control through a trained consumption monitoring. Therefore, smart-phone can lead individuals to rely more heavily on easy-to-monitor visual cues.

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  • Leveraging Multimodal Supports using Mobile Phones for Obesity Management in Elementary-School Children: Program Providers' Perspective from a Qualitative Study
    Mi-Young Park, Jae Eun Shim, Kirang Kim, Ji-Yun Hwang
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(3): 238.     CrossRef
  • Development of tailored nutrition information messages based on the transtheoretical model for smartphone application of an obesity prevention and management program for elementary-school students
    Ji Eun Lee, Da Eun Lee, Kirang Kim, Jae Eun Shim, Eunju Sung, Jae-Heon Kang, Ji-Yun Hwang
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2017; 11(3): 247.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Food Consumption Monitoring Using a Smartphone on Weight Changes in Obese Women
    Young-Suk Kim, Jeong-Ja On, Yang-Hee Hong, In-Sun Hong, Un-Jae Chang
    Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2014; 20(2): 123.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
[English]
Major Sources of Sodium Intake of the Korean Population at Prepared Dish Level: Based on the KNHANES 2008 & 2009
Miyong Yon, Yoonna Lee, Dohee Kim, Jeeyeon Lee, Eunmi Koh, Eunjeong Nam, Hyehyung Shin, Baeg won Kang, Jong Wook Kim, Seok Heo, Hea young Cho, Cho il Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(4):473-487.   Published online August 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.4.473
AbstractAbstract PDF
We attempted to define the sources of sodium intake for the Korean population at prepared dish level to provide a basis for developing sustainable nutrition policies and feasible programs for sodium intake reduction. Dietary intake data from 2008 and 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used in the analysis for sodium intake sources. Sodium intake from individual dish consumed by each subject was calculated and used in delineating major sodium sources at dish and dish group level for sub-populations of different sex and age. Also, sodium intake was compared between eaters and non-eaters of some specific dish groups with considerable contribution to total sodium intake. The number of subjects included in the analysis was 18,022 and mean sodium intake was 4,600 mg/capita/day. Major sources of sodium intake at dish group level were in the following order: kimchi (1125 mg, 24.5%), noodles (572 mg, 12.4%), soups (488 mg, 10.6%), stews (399 mg, 8.7%), and cooked rice (284 mg, 6.2%). The magnitude of contribution to total sodium intake by soups and stews was different by age group. Sodium intake difference between eaters and non-eaters was much larger for kimchi group (2,343 mg for male, 1,452 mg for female) than for soups or stews. Interaction between consumption of aforementioned specific dish groups and age was highly significant (p < 0.0005) for both sexes. This study revealed an importance of having not only the control over sodium content of foods/dishes, but also the customized approach for different groups of population to accomplish an appreciable reduction in sodium intake.

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    Hee-Kyung Jang
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    Yang-Sook Ko, Hye-Yun Kang
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    Hyun-Hee Kim, Yeon-Kyung Lee
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    Da Young Song, Jong Eun Park, Jae Eun Shim, Jung Eun Lee
    Korean Journal of Nutrition.2013; 46(1): 72.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with a Low-sodium Diet: The Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Won Joon Lee, Hyeon Chang Kim, Sun Min Oh, Dong Phil Choi, Jaelim Cho, Il Suh
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    Y S Yoon, S W Oh
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    Seoyun Park, So Hyun Ahn, Jin Nam Kim, Hye-Kyeong Kim
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  • Establishment of One Portion Size of Dishes Frequently Consumed by Korean Adults using 2010 KNHANES and Its Comparison with the One Portion Size using 2005 KNHANES - Focusing on Rice, Noodles, Soups, and Stews -
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    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2013; 26(4): 745.     CrossRef
  • A Survey on the Salt Content of Kindergarten Lunch Meals and Meal Providers' Dietary Attitude to Sodium Intake in Gyeonggi-do Area
    Jin Nam Kim, Seoyun Park, Sohyun Ahn, Hye-Kyeong Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(5): 478.     CrossRef
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    Sohyun Ahn, Seoyun Park, Jin Nam Kim, Sung Nim Han, Soo Bin Jeong, Hye-Kyeong Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2013; 7(1): 59.     CrossRef
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    Jeongok Rho, Hyuna Kim
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  • Study on the Eating Habits and Practicability of Guidelines for Reducing Sodium Intake according to the Stage of Change in Housewives
    So-Hyun Ahn, Jong-Sook Kwon, Kyungmin Kim, Jin-Sook Yoon, Baeg-Won Kang, Jong wook Kim, Seok Heo, Hea-Young Cho, Hye-Kyeong Kim
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[English]
Comparison of the Nutrient Intakes by the Score of Dietary Action Guides for Korean Children among the Elementary School Students in Gwangju City
Bok Hee Kim, Mi young Sung, Yoonna Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(4):411-425.   Published online August 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.4.411
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to examine differences in nutrient intakes by the compliance with the Dietary Action Guide for Korean Children. The subjects included 343 elementary school students in Gwangju city. Compliance with the Dietary Action Guide for Children showed that 62.4% of subjects had breakfast everyday; 44.3% of subjects ate vegetables/fruits/milk and dairy products daily; 26.8% of subjects ate a variety of lean meats/fish/eggs/bean products daily; 32.9% of subjects enjoyed outdoor activity everyday and ate according to their energy needs; 40.2% of subjects chose healthy and nutritious foods for snack; and 15.5% of subjects avoided food waste. Intakes of most of nutrients including energy were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in those who complied with the Dietary Action Guide well. Also nutrient intakes had the positive correlation with the scores of Dietary Action Guide (p < 0.05). From these results, nutrient intakes of children were significantly influenced by dietary factors suggested in the Dietary Action Guide for Children. In addition, the results also confirmed that good food behaviors were indispensible to maintaining a proper nutritional status. Based on these results, good food behaviors and practice were critical to secure good health and proper nutritional status for children, and that nutrition education should be strengthened in school as well as at home.

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    Eunyoung Yoon
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(3): 220.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Dietary Behavior among Elementary School Students in Seoul Area Using Nutrition Quotient for Children
    Ji Ye Lim, Jung Hyun Kim, Sung Hee Min, Myung Hee Lee, Min June Lee
    Korean Journal of Food & Cookery Science.2016; 32(1): 84.     CrossRef
  • Gender Differences in Adolescents' Dietary Perceptions and Practices
    Taejung Woo, Hye-Jin Lee, Kyoung Ae Lee, Seung Min Lee, Kyung-Hea Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(2): 165.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Obesity and Nutritional Status by Age among Low-income Women aged over 20  -Using Data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-
    Hee-Kyung Jang
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2015; 25(2): 246.     CrossRef
  • Relationships between children's Nutrition Quotient and the practice of the Dietary Guidelines of elementary school students and their mothers
    Jae Ran Kim, Hyeon-Sook Lim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(1): 58.     CrossRef
  • Relationships between children's Nutrition Quotient and the practice of the Dietary Guidelines of elementary school students and their mothers
    Jae Ran Kim, Hyeon-Sook Lim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(1): 58.     CrossRef
  • Relationships of Dietary Behavioral Factors and Stress Perception Levels in College Students in Gwang-ju City
    Bok Hee Kim, Bang Geul Shim, Eun Jeong
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2014; 27(5): 771.     CrossRef
  • A Survey of Satisfaction with Quality attributes of Meal Services for Low-income Children in Wonju
    Hae Sook Oh
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2014; 25(2): 233.     CrossRef
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    Hee-Kyung Jang
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2014; 27(4): 660.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between adhering to dietary guidelines and the risk of obesity in Korean children
    Soo Hyun Yu, YoonJu Song, Mijung Park, Shin Hye Kim, Sangah Shin, Hyojee Joung
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2014; 8(6): 705.     CrossRef
  • Association between the Number of Unfamiliar Vegetables and Dietary Factors of Elementary School Children
    Kyunghee Song, Hongmie Lee
    Preventive Nutrition and Food Science.2013; 18(4): 280.     CrossRef
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    Yuni Choi, Yeji You, Kyeong Ah Go, Zuunnast Tserendejid, Hyun Joo You, Jung Eun Lee, Seungmin Lee, Hae-Ryun Park
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2013; 7(3): 207.     CrossRef
  • Awareness and Practice of Dietary Action Guide for Adolescence among Middle and High School Students in Korea
    So-Hyun Park, Hae-Ryun Park, Soo-Bin Jeon, So-Yeon Jeong, Zuunnast Tserendejid, Jung-Sook Seo, Kyung-Hae Lee, Yeon-Kyung Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2012; 17(2): 133.     CrossRef
  • Correlation between Intake of Dietary Fiber and Adherence to the Korean National Dietary Guidelines in Adolescents from Jeonju
    Sunmi Park, Woori Na, Misung Kim, Eunsoo Kim, Cheongmin Sohn
    Preventive Nutrition and Food Science.2012; 17(4): 254.     CrossRef
  • Association between dental caries experience and performance of the dietary action guides among the special school for students of disability
    Hee-Jung Moon, Seol-Ak Kim, Hee-Jung Park
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  • Development and Effects' Analysis of Nutrition Education Pamphlet for the Lower Grades Elementary Students -Focused on Individual Daily Needed Food Exchange Units-
    Min-Jung Son, Young-Sook Cho, Se-Na Kim, Hye-Ji Seo, Sook-Bae Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2011; 16(6): 647.     CrossRef
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[English]
Comparison of Serum Insulin, Leptin, Adiponectin and High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels according to Body Mass Index and their Associations in Adult Women
Mi Young Lee, Jung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(1):126-135.   Published online February 28, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.1.126
AbstractAbstract PDF
Obesity is characterized by increased storage of fatty acids in an adipose tissue and closely associated with the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) through secretion of adipokines. This study was done to compare serum insulin, leptin, adiponectin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels according to body masss index (BMI) in Korean adult women aged 19 to 50. In addition, we examined the association of BMI, serum lipids and Homa-IR with serum adiponectin, leptin and hs-CRP levels. The subjects were divided into 3 groups by their BMI, normal weight (BMI < or = 22.9, n = 30), overweight (23.0 < or = BMI < or = 24.9, n = 71) and obese group (25.0 < or = BMI, n = 59). Serum levels of total-cholesterol, TG, and LDL-cholesterol were significantly higher in obese group than in normal weight group. LDL/HDL ratio and AI were significantly higher in obese group than in normal or overweight group. Fasting serum levels of glucose and insulin and Homa-IR as a marker of insulin resistance were significantly higher in obese group than in overweight group. Serum leptin level was significantly higher in obese group while serum adiponectin level was significantly lower in obese group compared to other two groups. hs-CRP was significantly increased in obese group. Correlation data show that serum adiponectin level was positively correlated with serum HDL-cholesterol level and was negatively correlated with BMI, WC, TG, LDL-cholesterol, Homa-IR, hs-CRP and leptin. In addition, serum leptin level was positively correlated with BMI, WC, glucose, insulin, Homa-IR and hs-CRP. These results might imply that the regulation of key adipokines such as adiponectin might be a strategy for the prevention or treatment of obesity-associated diseases such as diabetes and CVD.

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  • The Relationship between Obesity Level and High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein in Adult Women: Using by Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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    Yeonah Jeong, Misung Kim, Saeron Shin, Ahreum Han, Geomsuk Seo, Cheongmin Sohn
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(3): 284.     CrossRef
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    Soon Yei Lee, Hyun Sook Bae
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2012; 17(6): 714.     CrossRef
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A Study on Vegetable Intakes and Dietary Habits of Middle School Students in Chungnam
Hyun Sun Cho, Myung Hee Kim, Mi Kyeong Choi
Korean J Community Nutr 2010;15(4):525-535.   Published online August 31, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for nutritional education for juveniles' desirable vegetable intake by analyzing their vegetable intake, dietary habit and nutrient intakes according to gender of middle school students in Chungnam. The average age of the subjects was 15.0, height was 162.5 cm, weight was 53.5 kg and their average BMI was 20.1 kg/m2. The frequency of eating supper in girls was lower than that in boys. Many respondents answered that a meal-time was 10~20 minutes. Without gender difference, more than 90% respondents thought that vegetables were good for health. As for the preference of vegetable, subjects responded, "I am in the middle", "I like them", "I dislike them", "I like them very much", and "I dislike them very much" in order, without gender difference. The frequent eaten leaf vegetable was Chinese cabbage, the frequent eaten fruit vegetable was cucumber, and the frequent eaten root vegetable was radish. The favorite leaf vegetable was lettuce, the favorite fruit vegetable was corn, and the favorite root vegetable was sweet potato. The preference degrees of taro and ginger were very low. The reasons why they liked a vegetable were that it was delicious and they ate it at home often. In addition, the reason why they disliked vegetables was that they are untasty in flavor or texture and it showed that many students had a prejudice that vegetables were untasty. The intakes of plant protein, dietary fiber, ash and INQs of dietary fiber, calcium, vitamin C, folate, vitamin E in the group with high preference of vegetables were significantly higher than those of low preference group. The study results indicate that intake frequency and preference of root vegetables in juveniles are low and the major reasons of these results are taste and eating experience of vegetables. In addition, the intake amounts of dietary fiber and folate are poor in the subjects with low preference of vegetables. Therefore, families and schools should make efforts that juveniles can recognize the importance of vegetable intake and select various vegetables properly through the development of cooking methods and systematic nutrition education.
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[English]
Food Habits, Eating Behaviors and Food Frequency by Gender and among Seoul and Other Regions in Upper-Grade Elementary School Children
Kyung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2010;15(2):180-190.   Published online April 30, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to investigate the differences in food habits, eating behaviors and food frequency by gender and regions in upper grade elementary school children in Korea. Subjects of this study were 1,211 children, 645 boys and 566 girls, attending 6 elementary schools (4th, 5th and 6th graders). 389 children lived in Seoul and 822 children lived in other regions. Mean height, weight and BMI of subjects were 142.4 cm, 38.7 kg and 18.8 kg/m2 respectively. 70.5% of the subjects had breakfast every day and 12.4% of the subjects skipped breakfast. There were significant differences between boys and girls in causes of skipping breakfast, overeating, meal volume, and duration of meals. Girls showed more desirable eating behavior than boys (p < 0.001). Scores for specific eating behaviors such as unbalanced diet and intake of meats and vegetables were better in girls (p < 0.001), and boys ate meals faster than girls (p > 0.001). There were significant differences between Seoul and other regions in eating behavior. Eating behavior scores of children in other regions were higher than in Seoul (p < 0.01). Children in Seoul had a higher frequency of watching television with meals. Frequency of fruits (p < 0.001), milk products (p < 0.01), and meats (p < 0.05) of children in Seoul were higher than other regions. Otherwise the frequency of simple sugar products of children in other regions was higher than Seoul (p < 0.001). Frequency of green vegetables was higher for girls than boys, and frequency of fast foods was higher for boys than girls. These results showed that in nutrition education programs designed to improve the nutritional health of elementary school children, we need to focus more on differences in the children's food habits and eating behaviors by gender and regions. In consideration of these differences, such educational programs need to have a different emphasis for each gender and regions to serve its specific needs.
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[English]
Effects of the 12 Weeks Weight Control Program on Improvement of BMI, Nutrition Knowledge, Physical Fitness and Stress Levels of Adult Obese Women
Kyung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2010;15(1):73-82.   Published online February 28, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a weight control programs on BMI, nutrition knowledge, physical fitness and stress level of adult obese women. The subjects of this study were 36 adult obese women aged 30-65 years whose BMI were above 23 kg/m2. The weight control program for obese women included nutritional education, exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy for 12 weeks. The BMI of the subjects was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) from 27.1 kg/m2 to 26.4 kg/m2 after the 12 weeks of the weight control program. In addition, the weight of body fat was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and % body fat was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) from 35.4% to 34.9% after completion of the weight control program. In addition, nutritional knowledge (p < 0.001) and eating behavior scores (p < 0.01) were significantly increased. However, the food intake scores were not changed after the program. Stress levels of the adult obese women were significantly decreased (p < 0.001) from 85.63 to 66.88 and also obesity stress levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) after the weight control program. In the physical fitness levels of the subjects, muscle endurance (p < 0.05) and ability of balance (p < 0.01) were significantly improved after completion of the weight control program. There were positive significant correlations between general stress and obesity stress level (p < 0.05), and negative correlations between stress level and food intake score (p < 0.05). These results showed that the weight control program for adult obese women may be effectively used to improve weight reduction, physical fitness and stress levels.
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Changes of Obesity Index, Serum Lipid Profiles and Nutrient Intakes in Obese Children after the Weight Control Program of Nutrition Education
Eun Ju Lee, Kyung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2010;15(1):61-72.   Published online February 28, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a weight control program on anthropometric values, serum lipid profiles and nutrient intakes. The subjects of this study were 38 obese children (boy : 17, girl : 21) with obesity index over 120%. The weight control program for obese children included nutritional education (50 min) and exercise (50 min) for 10 weeks. The nutrition intakes of the children were surveyed before and after the weight control program by 24hr recall test. The BMI, Rohrer Index, Obesity Index, WHR (Waist - Hip ratio) and body fat(%) were significantly decreased after completion of the weight control program. The total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol of subjects were significantly increased after the weight control program. Distribution of serum lipid profiles was slightly changed. The energy intakes were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). from 1760.8 kcal to 1435.2 kcal. In addition, the intakes of P, Zn, retinol, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin E and niacin were significantly decreased. while intakes of vitamin C and folate were increased. Calcium and folic acid were upper 25% of subjects, under EAR(Estimated Average Requirements) intake before the weight control program. The distribution of energy intakes was significantly changed into positive status; fat percentage was decreased 26.3% to 22.1% (p < 0.01). Carbohydrate was increased 58.6% to 61.2% (p < 0.05). Meal distribution of energy intakes was changed; calorie percentage from lunch significantly increased from 32.2% to 38.3%. Calorie percentage from snack significantly decreased from 17.7% to 13.5%. In conclusion, weight control program for 10 weeks is effective in obesity index and nutrient intakes although serum lipid values were a little changed.
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[English]
Association of Serum Lipids and Dietary Intakes with Serum Adiponectin Level in Overweight and Obese Korean Women
Mi Young Lee, Jung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2010;15(1):27-35.   Published online February 28, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was done to investigate the association of blood clinical parameters and dietary intakes with serum adiponectin level. Athropometric measurement, dietary intakes, serum lipids and adiponectin levels were examined in 160 overweight and obese women. The subjects were divided into 5 groups by quintile according to serum adiponectin level. Weight, BMI, waist circumferences and waist/hip ratio of the highest quintile group were significantly lower than those of the lowest quintile group. Serum lipid analysis showed a significant higher level of TG, LDL-cholesterol, LDL/HDL ratio, AI, and serum hs-CRP in the lowest quintile group. Similarly, correlation data also showed that serum adiponectin level was positively correlated with serum HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.01) and was negatively correlated with BMI (p < 0.01), waist circumferences (p < 0.01), waist/hip ratio (p < 0.01), systolic (p < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), TG (p < 0.01), LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05), LDL/HDL ratio (p < 0.05), AI (p < 0.01), Homa-IR (p < 0.01), hs-CRP (p < 0.05) and leptin (p < 0.05). Dietary intake data showed that protein intake was significantly lower in the highest quintile group compared to the lower quintile groups while intakes of vitamin C was significantly higher in highest quintile group after adjustment by BMI, waist and energy intake, In addition, the highest quintile group had higher fiber intakes than the lower quintile groups. These results might suggest that a diet high in fiber and vitamin C and low in protein for obese patients would better be recommended to improve adiponectin level. However, further research is needed to elucidate the association of dietary intakes or dietary patterns and serum adiponectin level.
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[English]
Assessment of Physical Activity, Activity Coefficient of Preschool Children and Actual Condition of Daycare Center Outdoor Play
Jae Hee Kim, Eun Kyung Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(6):777-788.   Published online December 31, 2009
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The purpose of this study was to assess physical activities and activity coefficient of preschool children and was to give some concrete information to activate outdoor play and to probe the suggestions to activate outdoor play. 42 preschool children (17 boys and 25 girls) were included. Body weight and height were measured and one-day activity diaries were collected by interviewing with their parents and kindergarten teachers. To measure physical activity during outdoor play, this study was researched the current conditions and content of outdoor play activity in daycare centers, and teacher's perceptions of that outdoor play. The average age of the subjects was 5.0 years. Average height, weight, body fat and body muscle of subjects were 108.9 cm, 18.9 kg, 17.7% and 26.8%, respectively. The subjects spent about 10 hours 39 minutes sleeping; 4 hours 16 minutes personal hygiene and computer working. They spent 88.2% of 24 hours (one day) in "very light activities" and 11.3% in "light activities". Activity coefficient (1.34) of weekday was significantly higher than that of weekend (1.21). And in this study, it was found that most of daycare centers (87.7%) have outdoor play space, 95.2% of them were garden. The teachers recognized that have a outdoor play frequency everyday (48%), three or four times (46%) in a week but they have three or four times (38%), one or two times (30%) because of various indoor program. Also, they recognized that have a outdoor play expending time 21- 30 minutes (48%), 31-40 minutes (26%) but they have 21-30 minutes (64%). They answered that have frequency and expending time less than their recognition of outdoor play. Most of daycare center teachers perceived outdoor play to be as important as indoor play, and the teachers believed outdoor play supports children's physical, cognitive, social, and language development. The results of this study may be used to utilize as a basic data for estimate physical activity for preschool children and developed that exercise program to increase physical activity of daycare center outdoor play.
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[English]
Effects of Weight Control Program on Food Habits, Eating Behaviors and Life Habits in Obese Elementary School Children
Kyung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(5):509-520.   Published online October 31, 2009
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weight control program on food habits, eating behaviors and life habits in obese elementary school children. The program consisted of nutritional education, physical exercise and behavioral therapy was conformed for 10 weeks. Participants of the study involved 41 obese children and their parents. There was significant difference in waist circumference (p<0.05) and children's body fat % significantly decreased from 35.8% to 33.0% (p<0.01) after program. There was significant increase (p<0.05) in HDL-cholesterol, 47.8 (mg/dL) to 53.6 (mg/dL) after weight control program. Food habits and eating behaviors of obese children were showed positively changes but there were no significant differences after program. Regularity of having breakfast and amount of meal under the stress condition were not significantly different after program. The levels of physical activity of obese children were significantly increased from 1.40(hr) to 1.74(hr) per day (p<0.05). But there were no significant changes in spending hours of watching television and playing computer games. Food habits, eating behavior and physical activity showed significant correlations to weight control. These results suggest that the body weight control program for obese children including nutrition education, physical exercise and behavioral therapy may be effective to improve their food habits, eating behaviors and life habits. Nevertheless we need a more concentrating program to improve life habits such as physical activity and watching television.
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[English]
How Mothers Recognize Intake Status on Street Food of Elementary School Students in the Jeon Buk Region
Song Hee Kim, Hyeon Hee Yu
Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(4):406-419.   Published online August 31, 2009
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This research has been surveyed on street food and snack intake status of elementary school students in the Jeon Buk region and the recognition of mothers has been observed for the objective of providing base materials for appropriate eating habits and nutritional education. As for status on intake of street food, most students (97.3%) have shown to have eaten from the street vendors while mothers assume low frequency in their child's intake of street food. Favorite street food choices had an agreement between mother and student as ddukbokki and dakkochi. Students were more tolerant in sanitation and necessity of street food than the mothers. This research shows that there is a difference in the recognition of street food between the students and their mothers. There a need required for improvement in the system as to provide quality food and to prevent poor quality food being exposed to the students. Furthermore, practical and appropriate education must be conducted at home and at school for better choices of food and a better lifestyle.
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[English]
Accuracy of Predictive Equations for Resting Metabolic Rate in Korean College Students
Ga Hee Lee, Myung Hee Kim, Eun Kyung Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(4):462-473.   Published online August 31, 2009
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purpose of this study is to analyze the accuracy of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate (RMR) in Korean college students. Subjects were 60 healthy Korean college students (30 males, 30 females) aged 18-25 years. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry. Predicted RMRs were calculated using the Harris-Benedict, Schofield (W)/(WH), FAO/ WHO/UNU(W)/(WH), Owen, Mifflin, Cunningham, Liu, IMNA and Henry (W)/(WH) equations. The accuracy of the equations was evaluated on basis of accurate prediction (the percentage of subjects whose RMR was predicted within90% to 110% of the RMR measured), mean difference, RMSPE, mean % difference, limits of agreement of Bland- Altman method between predicted and measured RMR. Measured RMR of male and female students were 1833.4 +/- 307.4 kcal/day and 1454.3 +/- 208.0 kcal/day, respectively. All predictive equations underestimated measured RMR. Of the predictive equations tested, the Harris-Benedict equation (mean difference: -80.4 kcal/day, RMSPE: 236 kcal/day, mean % difference: -3.1%) was the most accurate and precise, but accurate prediction of the equation was only 42%. Thus, this study suggests that the ethnicity-specific predictive equation from Korean people should be developed to improve the accuracy of predicted RMR for Koreans.
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[English]
Effectiveness of Nutrition-Exercise Education Program on Weight Control of Adult Women
Mi Yeon Kim, Seo Young Han, Jeong Hee Jeong, Sung Hee Kim, Jin Kyoung Lee, Eun Suk Park, Xian Hua Zhang, Jung Sook Seo
Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(2):168-174.   Published online April 30, 2009
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a nutrition and exercise education program on weight control of adult women. The subjects of this study were 28 adult women aged 20-59 years residing in the Daegu area. The nutrition-exercise educational period was 12 weeks. The collected data consisted of items on general characteristics, anthropometric data, blood biochemical values, physical strength data, dietary behavior and nutrition knowledge scores of the subjects. During the 12 weeks of weight control, body mass index (BMI), % of body fat, body fat mass and waist-hip ratio significantly decreased. The level of plasma triglyceride decreased, but not significantly. The level of total cholesterol did not change compared to baseline before the program. After the weight control program, back muscle strength, sit-ups, push-ups, and sit-and-reach tests of the subjects significantly improved. The nutrition knowledge scores of the subjects significantly increased. Therefore, these results suggest that the nutrition-exercise education program may contribute effectively to weight reduction with improvement of physical strength in adult women.
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[English]
A Study on Dietary Behavior and Health Condition of Employees at Department Stores
Hye Kyung Kim, Jin Hee Kim, Young Sook Park
Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(3):374-385.   Published online June 30, 2008
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A study has been performed to provide the basic information about the current dietary habits, health related behaviors, and body indices and to bring forward the importance of this information to the people's attention based upon the relation between employee's life patterns and health conditions in their daily lives. Three hundred and five department store workers were examined from August 2006 to September 2006. With the average BMI values 23.9 +/- 2.2 for males and 20.0 +/- 1.9 for females, both gender groups were in normal, but 62.2% of the males were overweight and 15.4% of the females were under-weight. Regarding dietary and health related factors on how they perceive themselves, as normal were 204 (66.9%) the most and bad and very bad were respectively 43 (14.1%) and 5 (1.6%). Half of the subjects (43.2%) perceived sleeping hours to be insufficient, and 64.4% of them need to exercise regularly. As problems related to eating habits, they reported irregular meal times, overeating, preference of hot and spicy food, skipping meal, unbalanced meals. Regarding weight control they have attempted were the most (73.0%), after weight reduction, 51.2% of the subjects had side effects, such as gastrointestinal troubles, anemia, dizziness, sense of fatigue, constipation, physiological disorder, and diarrhea, etc. In the food habit score, it was shown that overall average score of the subjects was 62.63 +/- 9.86 which is lower than other studies. Female (62.76 +/- 10.15) had better score than male (61.67 +/- 8.06). While the item with the highest point was eat all three meals of the day, that was the lowest point, exercise every day. The food habit score of the younger group had lower than older group, and also they preferred sweet foods to other group. The results suggest that nutrition education for workers at specific working fields needs to be more focused on the improvement of dietary habits and health status of workers.
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[English]
A Comparative Study on Cognition and Consumption Patterns of Korean Rice Cake Classified by Age in Busan
Jeong Sook Lee, Sook Hee Jung, Seon Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(2):228-236.   Published online April 30, 2008
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was carried out to investigate the Korean rice cake cognition and consumption patterns classified by age in Busan. The survey was conducted from November 21 to December 26, 2007 by questionnaires and data were analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: Forty one point two percent of the elementary school group, 29.0% of the high school group, 35.0% of 2,30's, 44.5% of 4,50's and 39.5% of over 60's took Korean rice cake once or twice per month. Sixty two point eight percent of elementary group, 44.0% of the high school group, 43.0% of 2,30's, 42.5% of 4,50's and 49.5% of over 60's preferred Korean rice cake. The most important basis for selecting rice cake was 'taste' in all of the subjects. The improvements for rice cake were indicated as taste, preservation and packing. As their age decreased, the score of preference for Gaepiduk, Danja, Dootupduk, Bookumi, Soemuriduk, Julpyun, Jorangi and Jungpyun were decreased. Songpyun, Garaeduk, Injulmi, Siruduk and Moojigaeduk were highly recognized as Korean rice cakes. There was a significant positive correlation between preference of rice cake and age, sex, obesity and recognition degree (p < 0.01). Therefore the understanding of the requirements of the subjects according to age and sex is needed to encourage them to choose Korean rice cake.
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A Study of Hospital Foodservice Management after Covering Hospital Foodservice in The National Health Insurance
Rah Il Hwang, Jin Hee Kwon, Hyun Jin Jeong, Jung Hee Kim, Ho Young Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(2):244-252.   Published online April 30, 2008
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purpose of this study is to investigate the overall operations of National Hospital Food service after it was benefited by National Health Insurance (NHI). The survey was conducted between July and August, 2007. Among questionnaires mailed to 2,558 medical care institutions, 2,090 returned (81%) questionnaires were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square -test and ANOVA using the SPSS 13.0. The general foodservice characteristic of medical care institutions were as follows. The type of foodservice operations were 'self-operated' (86.9%), 'contracted' (10.5%) and 'Both' (2.6%). Only 6.4% of medical care institutions provided 'hospital food menu not benefited by NHI'. The number of dietitians and cook for medical care institutions were 1.1 and 1.0, respectively. The cost of a general diet meal was 4,205 won and therapeutic diet meal was 4,434 won. The overall operations of hospital foodservice were different depending on the types of medical care institution. After hospital foodservice was benefited by NHI, the overall quality of hospital foodservice including manpower, facilities, and environment was improved. The future direction of hospital foodservice should 1) differentiate the cost of hospital foodservice by the types of medical care institution, 2) increase in co-payment, and 3) provide same service with equal expenses in each party as medical aid or NHS beneficiary.
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[English]
Dietary Antioxidant Vitamins Intakes and Plasma Antioxidant Levels in Korean Elderly with Diabetes Living in Ulsan
Mi Joung Kim, Jung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(2):276-287.   Published online April 30, 2008
AbstractAbstract PDF
Diabetic mellitus in an older population is associated with increased basal oxidative stress and free radical accentuated by hyperglycemic challenge. Enhanced free radical in diabetic elderly can cause the oxidative damage and such damage can be protected by antioxidant defense system. It is believed that vitamin C, A and E are the most abundant and effective antioxidants in human plasma. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant status in Korean diabetic elderly using the case-control study. The antioxidant status was examined by determining plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, A, E, beta-carotene), total antioxidant status (TAS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and intakes of vitamin C, A, beta-carotene and retiol. Fasting glucose and HbA1c levels and serum lipid profiles (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) were also determined. Diabetic subjects were 122 elderly persons over 60 years old, visiting public health center, and control subjects were 96 healthy elderly persons living in Ulsan, Korea and they were matched by age, gender, smoking and drinking status. The diabetic and control subjects were divided into sub-groups according to the status of using diet therapy and vitamin supplement. The subjects were interviewed to collect data on their general characteristics, disease history, vitamin supplement, diet therapy and health-related habits by questionnaires. Their dietary intakes were obtained by means of semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (SQFFQ). Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in diabetes than in control subjects, and plasma total cholesterol level of diabetes was not significantly different from that of control subjects. However serum HDL cholesterol level of diabetes was significantly lower and serum TG level of diabetes was significantly higher than those of control group. The average vitamin A and beta-carotene intakes of diabetes were significantly higher than those of control subjects. There was no significant difference in plasma vitamin C, beta-carotene, and TBARS levels between two groups, but plasma vitamin A, E and TAS levels were significantly higher in diabetes than those in control group. Plasma vitamin A and TAS levels of diabetic subjects using diet therapy were higher than those of control using diet therapy, and plasma vitamin E, beta-carotene and TAS levels of diabetic subjects using vitamin supplements were significantly higher than those of controls using vitamin supplements. These results suggested that diabetic mellitus could enhance antioxidant defences against reactive oxygen species and interest in healthy eating such as consumption of more antioxidant nutrients.
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Food Intake Patterns and Blood Clinical Indices in Female College Students by HDL-cholesterol Levels
Ha Na Jung, Jung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(1):100-110.   Published online February 29, 2008
AbstractAbstract PDF
Recently, a lot of epidemiological studies revealed that low HDL-cholesterol level was a better predictor of risk for coronary heart disease than total cholesterol. This study investigated the anthropometric parameters, clinical blood indices, and dietary factors influencing serum HDL-cholesterol level by using a cross-sectional study for Korean female college students. The subjects were 94 female college students. They were divided into three groups according to their serum HDL-cholesterol levels, low HDL-cholesterol (< 50 mg/dL, n = 20), medium HDL-cholesterol (50< or =, < 60 mg/dL, n = 39) high serum HDL-cholesterol groups (60< or = mg/dL, n = 35). This study examined their demographic data and dietary intake throughout a questionnaire. Clinical blood indices were measured using an automatic blood chemistry analyzer (Selectra E), after 12 hours of fasting. BMI, body weight, fat mass, and waist circumferences were significantly increased according to low serum HDL-cholesterol levels. Serum lipid analysis showed a significantly higher level of TG, LDL-/HDL-Ratio, atherogenic index in the low HDL-cholesterol group. Serum levels of GPT, uric acid and alkaline phosphatase in the low HDL-cholesterol group were significantly higher than in the other group. The average consumption of energy was 1627 kcal and 77.76% of estimated energy requirement (EER). The mean ratio of calories from carbohydrate : protein : fat was 57 : 15 : 28. The low HDL-cholesterol group was significantly higher than the other groups in eggs, fat and oils consumption. Interestingly, milk and diary products consumption of low HDL-cholesterol group was half (p < 0.05) of those of the other groups. In conclusion, serum HDL-cholesterol levels appeared to be decreased by increasing BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, and serum TG level. In addition, some dietary factors seemed to be related to serum HDL-cholesterol levels. However, further research is needed to elucidate the exact relationship between serum HDL-cholesterol level and dietary factors.
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Food Waste Management Practices and Influencing Factors at Elementary School Food Services
Seoung Hee Kim, Tong Kyung Kwak, Eun Hui Choi, Kyung Eun Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(6):815-825.   Published online December 31, 2007
AbstractAbstract PDF
The study was designed to investigate food waste management practices and to identify factors affecting food waste generation at school food services. A total of 202 dietitians employed at elementary schools participated in the survey. The mean food waste weight per school was 77.54 kg, forty percent of the schools generated food waste of 50~100 kg every day and 53% generated plate waste less than 50 kg. Three quarters of the dietitians perceived plate waste as a major component of the food waste and vegetable dishes were a major source of the plate waste. Half of the dietitians used a food waste pick-up service for waste disposal, which was the most preferred waste disposal method. Approximately 90% of the dietitians conducted education on plate waste reduction for students but their perceptions on the effectiveness of the education was inconsistent. The contents were environmental issues (70.3%) and unbalanced food choice (56.7%). According to factor analysis based on performance score, solid waste management practices were grouped into 'information collecting and education', 'supervision of production process', 'cooperation with related groups', and 'control over production planning'. Practices appertaining to 'cooperation with related groups', 'information collecting and education' factor need to be improved. Dietitians should pay attention to 'recycle and reuse of left over' practice. Waste generation differed significantly by dietitians' ages and working experience. In order to reduce plate waste, more effective education materials and methods need to be developed and support from principals, teachers, and parents is necessary.
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Changes of Obesity Indices, Body Satisfaction and Self-Esteem of Obese Children on Weight Control Program
Kyung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(4):449-461.   Published online August 31, 2007
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was conducted to investigate the changes of physical and psychological factors of obese children, obesity indices and blood serum levels, food habits and body and self-esteem after a weight control program. The results from this study were as follows: Participants of the study involved 20 boys (48.8%) and 21 girls (51.2%) totaling 41 children. Children's weight control experiences were 90.2% and parents' were 59.5%. Among methods of weight control, children and parents both used exercise and reduced amounts of meals. Sixty-one percent of the children had breakfast almost everyday. The reasons of skipping breakfast were having no time to eat by 44.4% and 50% of children watched TV while having a meal and they considered taste (55.3%) and nutrition value (21.1%) when choosing food. After the weight control program, the children's body fat percent (%) significantly decreased from 40.3% to 35.4% (p < 0.01). There was significant difference of boys and girls' hip circumferences (92.9 cm, 91.4 cm, p < 0.01) after the program but there was only a slight change in their WHR (0.91, 0.92). Girls' waist circumferences significantly decreased from 75.0 cm to 73.0 cm (p < 0.05) and there was a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol, 50.0 (mg/dL) to 55.2 (mg/dL), (p < 0.05). Knowledge levels of obesity significantly increased from 2.5 to 5.1 in the girls' cases (p < 0.001). Nonetheless, attitudes of weight control and food habits score had not changed a lot. After the program, both the boys and girls' body-esteem had significantly increased (p < 0.01) but self-esteem had not changed. These results suggest that a body weight control program must be included in nutrition education, exercise and psychotherapy to improve body and self-esteem of obese children.
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Korean J Community Nutr : Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
© The Korean Society of Community Nutrition.
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