Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Research Articles

[Korean]
Maternal home meal replacement use and attitudes, and young children’s preferences by usage frequency in meals for young children: a cross-sectional study: Bo-Yeon Kim, Mi-Hyun Kim, Jee-Young Yeon; Korean J Community Nutr 2025;30(2):163-172. Published online April 29, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2025.00066

Abstract PDF: Objectives
With the increase in women’s workforce participation and changing family eating habits, home meal replacements (HMRs) have become more prevalent. However, research on how mothers incorporate HMR into meals of young children remains limited. This study examined mothers’ attitudes toward and use of HMR, as well as their association with young children’s HMR preferences.
Methods
A survey was conducted between June 1 and July 3, 2020, involving 337 mothers of 5-year-old children in Sejong, South Korea. The questionnaire assessed mothers’ perceptions of HMR, consumption patterns, and their children’s preferences for HMR.
Results
The average age of participating mothers was 38.3 years, with 93.2% living in nuclear families. Full-time homemakers constituted 40.1% of the respondents and showed lower HMR usage among them. HMR was primarily consumed as late-night snacks, side dishes, and dinners, with large discount stores (81.6%) being the primary purchase location. The high HMR consumption group exhibited more positive attitudes toward HMR (P < 0.001). HMR types varied in consumption frequency. Among ready-to-eat foods, kimbap (38.3%) was the most common, followed by meat side dishes (11.3%) and salads (11.0%). Among the heat-and-eat items, dumplings were the most frequently consumed. Simple cooking kits for Korean street food were used by 56.5% of mothers in the high-frequency HMR group, compared to 38.6% and 29.2% in the lower consumption groups (P < 0.01). Children’s preference for HMR was significantly associated with maternal HMR consumption frequency (P < 0.001). The most preferred items among children were rice porridge (P < 0.05) and meat side dishes (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Higher maternal HMR consumption was associated with increased acceptance by children. Mothers who frequently used HMR exhibited more positive attitudes toward its palatability, convenience, nutritional value, and variety. While HMR offers diverse and tasty meal options, overreliance on processed foods warrants caution. Importantly, high HMR consumption during early childhood may influence long-term dietary behaviors, including a continued preference for HMRs.

1,242 View
30 Download

[Korean]
A study on regional differences in dietary behaviors and satisfaction in Korea focusing on urban and rural comparisons: a cross-sectional study: Jong-Youn Rha, Sohyun Kim, Hae-Rang Lee, Juhyeon Kil; Korean J Community Nutr 2025;30(2):140-149. Published online April 29, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2024.00262

Abstract PDF: Objectives
This study aims to examine regional differences in dietary behavior and satisfaction between urban and rural residents in Korea, identifying key factors associated with dietary satisfaction in each group to deepen understanding of these variations.
Methods
The data were obtained from the Consumer Behavior Survey for Food 2022 by the Korea Rural Economic Institute. The analysis involved 6,365 adult participants, using the complex survey χ2-test and complex survey t-tests to compare dietary behavior across regions and complex survey regression analysis to explore factors related to dietary satisfaction. Data were analyzed with R 4.3.1 (for macOS; Posit PBC).
Results
Urban and rural areas differed in consumer characteristics such as gender, age, income, and household type, as well as in food consumption behaviors and in dietary competencies associated with purchasing and intake. Specifically, dining out and processed food consumption were more prevalent in urban areas, whereas home-cooked meals were more frequent in rural areas. Overall, dietary competencies were higher among urban residents. However, there was no significant difference in dietary satisfaction between the two regions. This finding suggests that satisfaction is based on subjective evaluations, with consumers in each region forming satisfaction in ways that align with their environment and lifestyle. Accordingly, the factors contributing to dietary satisfaction differed by region. In urban areas, information utilization competency and maintaining a balanced diet played a significant role in dietary satisfaction, whereas in rural areas, regular mealtimes were more influential. Urban consumers reported higher dietary satisfaction when meals provided a sense of appropriate convenience, whereas rural consumers showed greater satisfaction when meals were shared with family at home.
Conclusion
The findings indicate regional differences in food consumption behaviors and dietary competencies, as well as variations in how consumers achieve dietary satisfaction. These insights provide a foundation for developing dietary policies and programs aimed at improving dietary satisfaction.

1,380 View
50 Download

[Korean]
Application of a living lab model to an evidence-based reduced-sodium healthy eating practice program in Korea: a pre-post study: Jung-Hyun Kim, Eugene Shim, Min Sook Kyung, Sooyoun Kwon, Hyoung Su Park, Jae-Heon Kang; Korean J Community Nutr 2025;30(1):53-63. Published online February 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2024.00346

Abstract PDF: Objectives
To apply a healthy dietary program with reduced sodium intake, developed using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), focusing on the sodium intake level and eating patterns.
Methods
The program was implemented using a living lab model, an open innovation ecosystem for user-centered problem-solving. Analysis of the KNHANES data revealed that older age groups had a low energy intake but a high sodium intake, particularly among those who frequently dined out. The program was designed to improve sodium-reduction literacy and enhance practical competency. Over four weeks, 40 participants tracked their dietary intake and worked with a clinical nutritionist through a process of diagnosis, experience, improvement, and expansion. A self-administered survey was conducted before and after the program to assess effectiveness.
Results
Participants were four teenagers (10%), 26 in their twenties (65%), and 10 aged ≥ 30 years (25%), with eight males (20%) and 32 females (80%). Post-program analysis showed significant improvements in sodium-related nutrition knowledge (P < 0.01), with increased agreement on adopting low-sodium intake practices (e.g., interest in sodium content, choosing lower-sodium foods). Nutrient intake analysis showed a decrease in energy, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins (P < 0.001), with sodium intake decreasing from 3,382.37 mg/d to 2,119.05 mg/d (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
The community-based, living lab model for the sodium-reduction program effectively improved participant sodium-reduction literacy and practical competency, suggesting that step-by-step, autonomous learning, can reduce sodium intake and promote healthier eating habits.

1,715 View
53 Download

[Korean]
Development and application of a dietary program to reduce sugar intake using a living lab approach in Korea: an intervention study: Jung-Hyun Kim, Min Sook Kyung, Seul Ki Choi; Korean J Community Nutr 2024;29(6):504-513. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2024.00318

Abstract PDF: Objectives
This study aimed to develop and apply a dietary program to reduce sugar intake among community residents using a Living Lab approach.
Methods
We developed and applied a community-based dietary program to reduce sugar intake. Participants were recruited from community organizations, including a children’s food service management center, elementary to high schools, a university, a family center, a community health center, and an elderly welfare center. The dietary program was conducted in two phases; start and next levels. The start level included a pre-assessment of dietary behaviors and participation in educational platforms, whereas the next level included activities using educational platforms, tailored mission and feedback, and pre- and post-surveys. Extension educators at each community organization implemented the dietary program following organization-specific guidelines. Changes in participants’ nutrition knowledge, dietary behaviors and perceptions, self-efficacy, intention to reduce sugar intake, and participants’ program satisfaction were analyzed using paired t-tests.
Results
In total, 1,238 and 339 individuals participated in the start and next level, respectively. Participants reported significantly lower scores on dietary behavior items regarding drinking more juice or soft drinks after program participation (P = 0.009) and craving sweet foods (P = 0.046). They reported a higher intention to take interest in sugar content in food (P = 0.009) and lower-sugar recipes (P = 0.019), eat less food with high sugar content (P = 0.020), and drink water or sparkling water instead of soft drinks (P = 0.042). Nutrition knowledge did not significantly change after program participation. Program satisfaction significantly increased from the start level to the next level (P<0.050).
Conclusion
This study showed the potential of using a Living Lab approach to implement community-wide dietary interventions. Further research is required to evaluate the effectiveness of the Living Lab approach in various community settings.

1,638 View
55 Download

Research Note

[English]
A pilot investigation of a combined food literacy and exercise program for college students: a one-group pre-post intervention study: Minjeong Jeong, Jinhyun Kim, Dahye Han, Eunjin Jang, Kyoungho Choi, Sohyun Park; Korean J Community Nutr 2024;29(6):455-466. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2024.00248

Abstract PDF: Objectives
A campus-based intervention to enhance food literacy (FL) and establish exercise habits among college students was developed and the program’s effectiveness was evaluated.
Methods
The 13-session program was developed based on the transtheoretical model and social cognitive theory. Junior and senior students majoring in food and nutrition and physical education were asked to participate as mentors, with freshmen and sophomores from varied majors as mentees. The program encompassed food, nutrition, and exercise lessons including cooking sessions. Data were collected via pre- and post-program surveys using a questionnaire consisting of items on FL and nutrition behaviors and physical fitness measurements.
Results
Among 39 participants (35.9% male, 64.1% female), the overall FL score increased significantly from 64.1 to 70.6 post-program (P = 0.001). Significant increases were observed in the nutrition and safety (P < 0.001), cultural and relational (P = 0.023), and socio-ecological (P = 0.001) domains, as well as knowledge (P = 0.001), self-efficacy (P = 0.013), attitude (P < 0.001), and behavior (P = 0.005) items in three domains of FL. Additionally, meal duration increased significantly (P = 0.007) and sit-up performance among female showed a meaningful change (P = 0.046). Changes in dietary behaviors significantly progressed (P = 0.015) while that in exercise habits approached a marginal significance (P = 0.053) after the intervention.
Conclusion
The results reveal positive changes in FL and some modifications in eating habits, although the program had limited effects on physical activity and fitness measurements. These findings suggest that strategic approaches to foster exercise behavior changes in college students are required. This pilot program can serve as foundational data for improving and expanding multicomponent health promotion programs for this population.

2,138 View
50 Download

Educational Materials

[Korean]
Systematization of food and nutrition education content based on national kindergarten curriculum: a qualitative formative study: Jung-Hyun Kim, Eugene Shim, Eunyoung Baik; Korean J Community Nutr 2023;28(6):509-522. Published online December 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2023.28.6.509

Abstract PDF: Objectives
This study is intended to develop a curriculum for kindergarten food and nutrition education aimed at preschool children, reflecting government policy and meeting the demands of preschool settings.
Methods
Existing educational materials were analyzed, and key elements of the 2019 Revised Nuri Curriculum (“Nuri Curriculum”) and Guidelines for Nutrition and Food Education in Kindergartens, Elementary, Middle, and High Schools (“Guidelines”) were examined as foundational information for developing the curriculum for food and nutrition education.
Results
Basing ourselves on the five domains of the Nuri Curriculum, “Physical Activity and Health,” “Communication,” “Social Relationships,” “Art Experience,” and “Natural Science Inquiry,” we integrated three areas from the Guidelines, namely “Dietary Habits and Health,” “Dietary Habits and Safety,” and “Dietary Habits and Culture,” to structure the curriculum for kindergarten food and nutrition education. Three specific domains, “Nutrition and Health,” “Food and Culture,” and “Safe Dietary Practices,” were tailored for preschool children, each comprising core concepts, content elements, and educational materials. In the “Nutrition and Health” domain, core concepts such as “nutrition” were addressed through content elements such as “balanced eating” and “vegetables and fruit,” while “health” included elements such as “eating regularly” and “nutrients for disease prevention,” each with two educational content components. The “Food and Culture” domain focused on “food” with content on “local foods (vegetable-garden experience)” and “food culture” with content on “our dining table (rice and side dishes),” “our agricultural products,” “global cuisine (multiculture),” and “considerate dietary practices,” each with four educational content components. The “Safe Dietary Practices” domain included core concepts such as “hygiene” with content on “hand-washing habits” and “food poisoning management,” and “safety” with content on “food labeling.”
Conclusions
The systematized curriculum for kindergarten food and nutrition education aligns with the Nuri Curriculum and is interconnected with the Guidelines. This curriculum can be used as foundational material for developing educational resources tailored to the characteristics of preschoolers, contributing to effective implementation in early childhood education.

962 View
47 Download

Research Articles

[English]
Association between dietary intake, body measurements, and urinary bone resorption markers in young adults with osteopenia and osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study: Mi-Hyun Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi; Korean J Community Nutr 2023;28(4):282-292. Published online August 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2023.28.4.282

Abstract PDF: Objectives
Bone health in early adulthood, as individuals approach peak bone mass, plays a critical role in preventing osteoporosis later in life. This study aimed to investigate the associations between lifestyle and dietary factors, anthropometric measurements, and urinary bone resorption markers in young adults.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 healthy Korean adults (50 men and 50 women) in their 20s and early 30s. Bone mineral density (BMD), anthropometric measurements, dietary intake (24-hour recall), and urinary bone resorption indicators (deoxypyridinoline and N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen) were analyzed. Variables were compared between the osteopenia and osteoporosis groups (OSTEO group: 30% men and 60% women) and the healthy control group.
Results
Men in the OSTEO group were significantly taller than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Women in the OSTEO group had significantly lower body weight and body composition (muscle and body fat) than those in the normal group (P < 0.01). Men in the OSTEO group had a significantly higher intake of animal calcium (Ca) than those in the normal group (P < 0.05). Women in the OSTEO group had significantly higher dietary fiber, vitamin A, Ca, plant Ca, and potassium intake than did those in the normal group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in caffeinated beverage consumption, eating habits, or urinary bone resorption indicators between the OSTEO and control groups of either sex.
Conclusions
In our study of young South Korean adults, we observed low bone density levels, with particularly low BMD in taller men and underweight women. We found a higher nutrient intake in the OSTEO group, indicating the possibility of reverse causality, a phenomenon often found in cross-sectional studies. Therefore, there is a need to further elucidate dietary factors related to osteoporosis in young adults through prospective cohort studies involving a larger population.

1,072 View
17 Download

[English]
Biochemical Characteristics and Dietary Intake according to the Frequency of Milk Consumption in Korean Adolescents: Data from the 2010~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Ji Hyun Kim, Sook-Bae Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2020;25(6):485-501. Published online December 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.6.485

Abstract PDF

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to examine the biochemical characteristics and dietary intake of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years according to the frequency of milk consumption. Methods: Data from the 2010~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used for the study. The study examined adolescents’ (12~18 years) demographic characteristics (house income level, residence region, skipping or not-skipping of breakfast/lunch/dinner, eatingout frequency), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, weight status), biochemical characteristics (fasting plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatine, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, hemoglobin, hematocrit) and nutrient intakes through quantitative and qualitative evaluation using the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (KDRI), index of nutrition quality (INQ), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) of 3 groups (< 1/week, 1~6/week, 1/day) according to the frequency of milk consumption. Results: There were significant differences in gender and income levels among the 3 groups. There were no differences in height, weight, and weight status among groups. There were differences in biochemical characteristics and nutrient intake. In boys, there were differences in the mean of BUN and HDL-cholesterol, in quantitative intakes of riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus, potassium by KDRI levels, in qualitative intakes of riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by INQ and riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by NAR among 3 groups. In girls, there were differences in the mean of blood urea nitrogen, creatine, HDL-cholesterol, in quantitative intakes of protein, riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by KDRI levels, in qualitative intakes of riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by INQ and riboflavin, calcium, phosphorus by NAR among the 3 groups. Conclusions: In Korean adolescents, boys had a higher frequency of milk consumption than girls, and higher the income level, higher the frequency of milk consumption. Consumption of milk appeared to have a positive association with triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and indices related to muscle mass. Regular consumption of milk is an important factor in enhancing the intake of riboflavin, calcium, and phosphorus, which adolescents lack. The results of the study indicate a need to prepare an environment and education program to increase milk consumption in adolescents at home and school.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Changes in Nutritional Status Through Low-Lactose Processed Milk Consumption in Korean Adults With Lactose Intolerance
Dong Hoon Jung, Gi Moon Nam, Chang Kyun Lee, Chul hong Kim, Hyun-San Lim, Ji Yeon Lee, Hee-Sook Lim
Clinical Nutrition Research.2025; 14(1): 30. CrossRef
Analysis of Dietary Behavior and Quality in Children and Adolescents with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using the Korean Nutrition Quotient Score
So Yoon Choi, Yoowon Kwon, Yoo Min Lee, In Hyuk Yoo, Tae Hyeong Kim, You Jin Choi, Su Jin Jeong
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition.2025; 28(4): 256. CrossRef
Biochemical characteristics, nutrient intakes, and chronic disease risk according to the dietary fat energy ratio in middle-aged Korean: a cross-sectional study using data from the 7th (2016–2018) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Ga-Hyeon Jeong, Sook-Bae Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(6): 528. CrossRef
Biochemical Characteristics and Dietary Intake according to Household Income Levels of Korean Adolescents: Using Data from the 6th (2013 ~ 2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Yu-Kyeong Kwon, Sook-Bae Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(6): 467. CrossRef

1,146 View
6 Download
4 Crossref

[English]
Current Status of Sanitary and Nutritional Food Service in Elderly Day Care Center: Jeong hyeon Woo, Yoo Kyoung Park, Mi-Hyun Kim, Soo-Kyung Lee, Kyung hee Song, Hye-Kyeong Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2020;25(5):374-385. Published online October 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.5.374

Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study was conducted to examine the status of foodservice management, with special interest on sanitary and nutritional food service in elderly day care centers. Methods A total of 79 employees who managed foodservice facilities in elderly day care centers were included in the survey. The contents of the questionnaire consisted of general characteristics, importance and performance of sanitary and nutrition management, the reasons for poor performance, factors necessary for improvement, and the employee's demand for support. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS v25.0. Results Sanitary management showed an average importance score of 4.84 ± 0.40 and a performance score of 4.70 ± 0.61 (t-value: 8.260). The item with the lowest performance score was personal sanitary management (4.58 ± 0.71). In nutrition management, the average importance score was 4.52 ± 0.68, and the performance score was 4.20 ± 1.00 (t-value: 9.609). There were significant differences between the average score of importance and performance in both areas. As a result of an Importance-Performance Analysis, items that were recognized as important but had relatively low performance was “personal hygiene”, “ventilation” and “food storage”. Also in the nutritional management area, “menu planning for disease management” and “checking the saltiness in the soup” etc. had very low performance with low importance recognition. The items shown in the “low priority” quadrant were those that required professional management skills. In the areas that demanded support in foodservice management, education about sanitary and safe institutional food service had the highest score (4.42 ± 0.74), and all other items showed a demand of 4 points or more. Conclusions Foodservice managers recognize the importance of foodservice facility management but performance is relatively low. Institutional support is, therefore, needed to improve performance. For items with low importance, it seems necessary to improve awareness of the necessity of these items and to provide education in this regard. To gradually improve foodservice management, continuous provision of education and training in these areas are of great importance.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Importance-performance analysis of hygiene and nutrition management in social welfare meal service facilities in selected regions of Jeollanam-do
Do Hee Kim, Hee Kyong Ro
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2025; 58(4): 421. CrossRef
A study on the diet and nutrition management status and educational needs in elderly care facilities in Korea: focus group interviews with staff from children’s and social welfare meal management support centers and elderly care facilities
Seo Young Choi, Hyun joo Ryou, Jieun Oh
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(4): 286. CrossRef
Development of Protein Enhanced Diet for Socially Vulnerable Elderly
Jihye Hong, Hyung-Geun Jeon, Seulgi Kim, Gitae Park
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2024; 34(1): 39. CrossRef
Snack Provision Practice in Long-Term Care Hospitals and Facilities in Korea
Dayeong Yeo, Hae Jin Kang, Hyejin Ahn, Yoo Kyoung Park
Clinical Nutrition Research.2024; 13(2): 108. CrossRef
Factors associated with malnutrition in demented and non-demented elderly residing in the community of Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study
Jinhee Kwon, Jung Hee Kim, Hyeonjin Jeong, Jung Suk Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(5): 359. CrossRef
Sanitation Management Performance According to the Characteristics of Coffee Franchise Shops and Sanitation Knowledge According to the Characteristics of Employees
Suk-Kyoung Gu, Sunyoon Jung, Inyong Kim, Yoonhwa Jeong
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2021; 50(11): 1248. CrossRef
Analysis of Awareness, Knowledge, and Behavior about Food Hygiene·Safety Among the elderly
Mi Sook Lee, Sim-Yeol Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(3): 200. CrossRef

931 View
13 Download
7 Crossref

Original Articles

[English]
Development and Application of an Education Program for Healthy Dietary Life for Elementary School Aftercare Class Children: Jung Hyun Kim, Min Sook Kyung, In Young Park, Young Sim Park; Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(6):497-511. Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.6.497

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to develop a school-centered healthy eating environment for children in elementary care classrooms and prevent incorrect eating habits and obesity through the development and application of standardized healthy eating habit-forming educational materials.
METHODS
Ten schools in eight districts of Gyeonggi-do and 400 students from 19 care classes were selected. Based on the developed educational materials, the program was applied to students once in two weeks. â€˜Notices for Parentsâ€™ forms were also sent to the students' home to educate their parents. Pre and post-surveys were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the education. The pre-education, education, and aftercare were conducted from September 28 to September 31, 2016, from October 3 to November 30, 2016, and from December 5 to December 9, 2016, respectively.
RESULTS
The healthy eating program for elementary care classes was designed to develop a school-centered healthy eating environment and provide standardized educational material for healthy eating habits. Twelve educational topics were developed: ã€ˆEat Evenlyã€‰, ã€ˆEat Breakfastã€‰, ã€ˆEat vegetables and Fruitsã€‰, ã€ˆClean Body, Strong Bodyã€‰, ã€ˆHealthy and Tasty Snacksã€‰, ã€ˆKeep Healthy Weightã€‰, ã€ˆFood that enters our bodyã€‰, ã€ˆWhat is safe food?ã€‰, ã€ˆFood selection and Storageã€‰, ã€ˆOur land, Our grainã€‰, ã€ˆEnjoy Traditional Foodã€‰, and ã€ˆFood mannersã€‰. Moreover, the materials were produced in four forms: for students, for after school caring teachers, for external specialists, and for parents. The effectiveness evaluation was conducted to confirm the application of the program. The average eating habits score was 3.3 Â± 0.6, with no significant difference between before and after application. The score of overall satisfaction of the education was 3.9 Â± 0.9. The most satisfying content was â€˜Did you get to know how to eat evenly?â€™. Significant increases were observed in two contents for parents regarding their children's knowledge changes after the education: â€˜Five nutrients needed for growing childrenâ€™ and â€˜Knowing sugar foods and sugar-containing foodsâ€™. On the other hand, their educational satisfaction was 3.6 Â± 0.6, which was lower than the children's satisfaction. This might be because their education was conducted only through the â€˜Notices for Parentsâ€™ form.
CONCLUSIONS
In the long term, the healthy eating habit-formation education for lower elementary school children is expected to be beneficial. To prevent obesity and establish healthy eating habits of children, it is important to develop healthy eating education programs centered on elementary school aftercare classes, including the development of educational materials and an application system through connection with the home and community.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

An Interactive Live and Online Cooking Program for Children in Vulnerable Families—An Exploratory Study
Jiyoung Park, Sein Hwang, Seolhyang Baek, Gill A. Ten Hoor
Healthcare.2022; 10(12): 2389. CrossRef

1,199 View
6 Download
1 Crossref

[English]
Home Meal Replacement Use and Eating Habits of Adults in One-Person Households: Mi Kyeong Choi, Eun Sun Park, Mi Hyun Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(6):476-484. Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.6.476

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The rise of one-person households may have consequences for food consumption patterns, and eating habits. This study investigated the home meal replacement (HMR) use and eating habits among adults in their 20s-30s living in one-person households.
METHODS
A total of 247 adults aged 26â€“39 years participated in this study. The subjects were divided into three group according to the household type; one-person households (n=80), two-person households (n=49), and multi-family (three and more members) households (n=118). Their use of HMRs (classified as ready-to-eat, ready-to-cook, and fresh convenience foods) and their eating habits were all compared.
RESULTS
The mean age of the subjects was 30.5 years, 47.8% were male, and there was no significant difference in age, gender, occupation, and monthly income according to the type of household. The intake frequency of total HMR and ready-to-eat foods was significantly higher in one-person households among the three groups. People in one-person households consumed more HMRs alone, and spent more money to buy HMRs. Undesirable dietary habit scores like unbalanced eating (p<0.05) and eating salty foods (p<0.05) were significantly higher in the one-person households. Among the total subjects, the unbalanced eating scores showed a significant positive correlation with the intake frequency of ready-toeat foods, while the unbalanced eating scores showed negative correlation with the preference of fresh convenience foods. The scores for eating salty foods showed a significant positive correlation with the intake frequency and preference of ready-to-eat foods and ready-to-cook foods, while there was negative correlation with the intake frequency and preference of fresh convenience foods.
CONCLUSIONS
Adults in their 20sâ€“30s in one-person households consumed more ready-to-eat foods than those in multi-family households. In addition, people with one-person households had more unbalanced diets and ate more salty foods, and these undesirable eating habits showed a significant positive correlation with the use of ready-to-eat or ready-to-cook foods. These results should be addressed for producing healthier ready-to-eat/ready-to-cook foods and implementing nutrition education for making healthy food choices of one-person households, which are steadily increasing.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Understanding the charactersitics and types of single-person households based on food purchase frequencies in Korea: a cross-sectional study using the 2023 Consumer Behavior Survey for Foods
So-Yun Kim, Youngmin Nam, Jong-Youn Rha, Haerang Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(1): 27. CrossRef
Application of a living lab model to an evidence-based reduced-sodium healthy eating practice program in Korea: a pre-post study
Jung-Hyun Kim, Eugene Shim, Min Sook Kyung, Sooyoun Kwon, Hyoung su Park, Jae-Heon Kang
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(1): 53. CrossRef
Dietary status and the relationship between dietary competencies, cooking skills, and nutrition quotient of middle-aged adults living alone in Korea
Sooyoun Kwon, Youngmi Lee, Yun-Jung Bae
Nutrition Research and Practice.2025; 19(2): 257. CrossRef
Maternal home meal replacement use and attitudes, and young children’s preferences by usage frequency in meals for young children: a cross-sectional study
Bo-Yeon Kim, Mi-Hyun Kim, Jee-Young Yeon
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(2): 163. CrossRef
Comparative study on eating habits and health of single-person and multi-person households
Haerang Lee, Seon-Jip Kim, Minji Kang, Mi-So Shim
PLOS One.2025; 20(7): e0327763. CrossRef
Eating behaviors, home meal replacement consumption, and nutrition quotient: a comparative study of male shift and non-shift workers in Chungcheong, Korea
Yeon Jin Lee, Munkyong Pae
Nutrition Research and Practice.2025; 19(5): 758. CrossRef
가정간편식 수산 제품 인식정도에 따른 가정간편식 수산 제품 이용실태 조사
정은 이, 복미 정
Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science.2024; 40(4): 284. CrossRef
Diabetes Nutritional Management for Single-Person Households
Min Young Noh
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2024; 25(4): 236. CrossRef
Development of Functional Material by Using Bacillus subtilis Harboring α-Amylase and Protease Enzyme Activity
Jae-Hyuk Lee, Gi-Seong Moon
Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics.2023; 9(2): 81. CrossRef
The frequency of convenience food consumption and attitude of sodium and sugar reduction among middle and high school students in Seoul: a descriptive study
Seoyeon Park, Yeonhee Shin, Seoyeon Lee, Heejung Park
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(4): 269. CrossRef
Problems Encountered in Analyzing the Market Size, Purchase, and Consumption of HMR in the Republic of Korea
Sung Ok Kwon, Injoo Choi, Yoojeong Joo, Jihyun Yoon
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(6): 480. CrossRef
Qualities of rice-based home meal replacement products upon microwave cooking
Gi-Un Seong, Yu Mi Kim, Jun-Hyeon Cho, Ji-Yoon Lee, Sais-Beul Lee, Dongjin Shin, Dong-Soo Park, Kwang-Sup Youn, Ju-Won Kang
Korean Journal of Food Preservation.2022; 29(5): 715. CrossRef
Comparison of Dietary Behaviors and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Single- and Multi-Person Households among Korean Adults
Kyung Won Lee, Dayeon Shin
Healthcare.2021; 9(9): 1116. CrossRef
Relationship between Eating Behavior and Healthy Eating Competency of Single-Person and Multi-Person Households by Age Group
Seung-Hee Hong, Ji-Myung Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(5): 337. CrossRef
Analysis of Contamination of Total Aerobic Bacteria and Foodborne Pathogens in Home Meal Replacement (HMR) and the Importance of Food Hygiene Management
Hyun Jin Cho, Jeeyeon Lee
Resources Science Research.2021; 3(2): 63. CrossRef
Studies of Selection Attributes for Lunch Boxes (Dosirak) Using Conjoint Analysis among Single Men
A Reum Han, Sung Suk Chung, Jeong Ok Rho
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2021; 50(8): 884. CrossRef
Healthy Eating Capability of One-person Households-The Effects of Eating Alone, Meal Types, and Dietary Lifestyles
Seonglim Lee, Ilsook Choi, Junghoon Kim
Family and Environment Research.2020; 58(4): 483. CrossRef

1,522 View
14 Download
17 Crossref

[English]
Study on Middle and High School Students' Use of Convenience Foods at Convenience Stores in Incheon: Seul Ki Lee, Mi Kyeong Choi, Mi Hyun Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(2):137-151. Published online April 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.2.137

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The rapidly changing dietary environment requires a study that addresses the status of middle and high school students regarding their consumption of convenience food sold at convenience stores.
METHODS
This study examined adolescents' lifestyle patterns, dietary habits, and status of consuming convenience food at convenience stores. A total of 659 students (329 middle school students and 330 high school students) in Incheon participated in this questionnaire survey.
RESULTS
The mean age of the subjects was 13.7 years for the middle school students, and 16.6 years for the high school students. The gender and grade distributions in the middle and high school students were similar. The middle school students reported that they spent more time using electronic devices (p<0.001) or watching TV (p<0.001) than high school students. More than 60% of middle and high school students consumed convenience food at convenience stores without statistical difference between the two groups. The main reason for consuming convenience food from convenience stores was its convenience followed by taste in both groups. Despite the high frequency of consuming convenience food, the students rarely checked the nutrition labels at the time of purchase. On the other hand, they were still most concerned about the nutritional value of the convenience foods when they consumed convenience foods. The most frequently consumed convenience food was ramyon in both groups. Significant positive correlations were observed between the frequency of consuming convenience food at convenience stores and lifestyle factors for the middle school students, including monthly allowance, time for using electronic devices, and number of private lessons. For the high school students, however, the only monthly allowance had a significant positive correlation with the consumption.
CONCLUSIONS
Adolescents are increasingly exposed to convenience foods and relevant nutritional issues are a concern. Therefore, a dietary environment that is adequately formed for the healthy development of youth as well as systematic nutrient education that is appropriately designed for both middle and high school students is required.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Gen Z consumers’ expectations for smart convenience stores in the USA, South Korea, and Japan
Summer Dahyang Jung, Sahej Claire, Sohyeong Kim
Young Consumers.2024; 25(3): 400. CrossRef
Study on the Eating Out Behavior and the Status of Meal Delivery and Take-Out Consumption according to the Food-related Lifestyles of Adolescents : Using the Consumption Behavior Survey for Food in 2020
Eun Jung Lee, Hyeon Min Yang, Yeong Ju Lee, Sun A Choi, Jeong Ok Rho
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2024; 34(4): 284. CrossRef
The frequency of convenience food consumption and attitude of sodium and sugar reduction among middle and high school students in Seoul: a descriptive study
Seoyeon Park, Yeonhee Shin, Seoyeon Lee, Heejung Park
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(4): 269. CrossRef
Determination of the migration of plastic additives and non-intentionally added substances into food simulants and the assessment of health risks from convenience food packaging
Eun Chul Pack, Kyung Youn Lee, Jin Seop Jung, Dae Yong Jang, Hyung Soo Kim, Ye Ji Koo, Ho Geon Lee, Young Soon Kim, Kyung Min Lim, Seung Ha Lee, Dal Woong Choi
Food Packaging and Shelf Life.2021; 30: 100736. CrossRef
Association between breakfast and lifestyle, interest in beauty care, and attitude toward breakfast in high school girls in Incheon
Seolmi Lee, Mi-Hyun Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(3): 288. CrossRef
Convenience Store Use and the Health of Urban Adolescents in Seoul, South Korea
Nan-He Yoon, Changwoo Shon
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(18): 6486. CrossRef
Association between frequency of convenience foods use at convenience stores and dietary quality among high school students in Incheon
Eun-Mi Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi, Mi-Hyun Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(4): 383. CrossRef

2,336 View
20 Download
7 Crossref

[English]
A Study on the Development of the Goals and Contents System of Healthy Dietary Education Program for After-School Care in Lower Grade in Elementary School: Jung Hyun Kim, Myoung Hee Lee, Okjin Park, Kyung Sook Choi; Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(1):24-37. Published online February 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.1.24

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The study purpose is to develop a content system for a healthy dietary education program for after-school care in lower grade in elementary school.
METHODS
The contents of healthy dietary education in the 2015 revised curriculum and textbooks and the major education programs related to dietary life that are currently used in elementary school education were analyzed. Focus group interviews were held with field experts related to lower grade in elementary care class. Accordingly, the structuring of the education area and the detailed education contents were systematized.
RESULTS
From the analysis results, the contents of curriculum, textbook, and administrative department were classified as hygiene safety, health, and culture. The goal of the educational content system was divided into three areas: nutritional dietary life, food hygiene and health, and food culture. The subjects consisted of dietary balance, healthy body weight, digestion and absorption, food hygiene, Korean agricultural products, traditional food, and table manners. The curriculum was composed of 12 content elements.
CONCLUSIONS
In order to ensure that after-school care students can grow into healthy, growth-oriented and creative talents, the role of the caring guide is important, and associated guidelines are needed in the future.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Development and Application of an Education Program for Healthy Dietary Life for Elementary School Aftercare Class Children
Jung-Hyun Kim, Min Sook Kyung, In-Young Park, Young Sim Park
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(6): 497. CrossRef

1,001 View
2 Download
1 Crossref

[English]
Daily Water Consumption and its Contribution to Calcium Intake in Korean Adults: Eun Sun Park, Yeon Kyung Lee, Mi Hyun Kim, Mi Kyeong Choi; Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(1):18-23. Published online February 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.1.18

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Although water is essential for life and can supply essential minerals, studies that evaluate calcium intake through drinking water are limited. The aim of this study was to assess calcium contents of natural mineral water (NMW) and its possible contribution to calcium intake in healthy adults.
METHODS
This study examined water consumption in 640 Korean adults with selfselected diet, analyzed the calcium content of 10 different brands of bottled NMWs sold in Korea, and assessed the amount of calcium intake from drinking water and its daily contribution to the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of calcium.
RESULTS
Mean calcium content in 10 bottled NMWs was 20.9 mg/l. Daily water intakes from food composition database and calculated using energy intake based on 0.53 ml/kcal were 957.2 ml and 1109.8 ml for men and 848.3 ml and 951.6 ml for women, respectively, with a significant difference by gender (p < 0.001). Daily drinking water intake was significantly higher among men than women (1203.9 ml vs. 1004.3 ml, respectively, p < 0.001). Daily calcium intakes from foods were 564.0 mg for men and 534.2 mg for women. Daily possible calcium intakes from drinking bottled water were 25.2 mg for men and 21.0 mg for women (p < 0.001). The contribution of daily calcium intake from drinking bottled water to RNI of calcium was 3.3% for men and 2.9% for women without significant difference.
CONCLUSIONS
One half of the daily total water intake was consumed as drinking water, and possible calcium intake through drinking water was about 3% of RNI.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Assessing contribution of bottled water in nutrient absorption using the bottled water nutritional quality index (BWNQI) in Iran
Masoomeh Askari, Reza Saeedi, Ramin Nabizadeh, Ahmad Zarei, Maryam Ghani, Marzieh Ehsani, Mahmood Alimohammadi, Mehrnoosh Abtahi
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Variability of urinary creatinine, specific gravity, and osmolality over the course of pregnancy: Implications in exposure assessment among pregnant women
Gowoon Lee, Sunmi Kim, Hyunwoong Park, Jeonghwan Lee, Jung Pyo Lee, Younglim Kho, Gyuyeon Choi, Jiwon Park, Suwalee Worakhunpiset, Hyo-Bang Moon, Kyungho Choi
Environmental Research.2021; 198: 110473. CrossRef

2,857 View
5 Download
2 Crossref

[English]
Milk Intake Patterns with Lactose and Milk Fat in Korean Male Adults: Jung Hyun Kim, Min Sook Kyung, Sung Hee Min, Myung Hee Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(6):488-495. Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.6.488

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study examined the milk intake patterns with lactose and milk fat in Korean male adults using the following variables: milk intake level, awareness of lactose, and milk fat, health problems, and necessity of milk intake. In addition, the factors affecting milk intake were analyzed by multiple regression analysis.
METHODS
The subjects were 532 males aged 20 years or older among the nationwide milk purchasing group. The subjects were 223 (41.9%) in the 20â€“29 year age group, 188 (35.3%) in the 30â€“49 year age group and 121(22.7%) in the over 50 year age group. The survey was conducted using ANOVA and multiple comparative analysis to examine the differences in age and multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors affecting the intake of milk.
RESULTS
The intake of milk in the subjects was 538.14 Â± 494.23 ml per week. There were statistically significant differences in the subjects' age according to processed milk, low fat, nonfat milk, cheese, and ice cream. The perception of milk and lactose and milk fat was recognized as a good food for skeletal health when milk was consumed. Among the milk nutrients, lactose was highly recognized at the age of 20â€“29, and milk fat was recognized in those over 50 years. In addition to lactose and milk fat, calcium was the most highly recognized among the milk nutrients. Health problems associated with milk were skeletal health, obesity, and lactose intolerance. The perception of lactose intolerance was related to lactose intolerance and fatness, and the dietary behavior was unaffected.
CONCLUSIONS
This study examined the milk intake patterns of adult Korean males. Many variables were found to be related to the intake of milk. In this study, the milk intake was high when there was no problem with the perception and dietary behaviors of milk nutrition (lactose and milk fat). This study focused on lactose and milk fat, which are major nutrients in milk, and it is a new perspective study among milk-related research.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association of milk and dairy product consumption with the incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease incidence in middle-aged and older Korean adults: a 16-year follow-up of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Yeseung Jeong, Kyung Won Lee, Hyekyeong Kim, Yuri Kim
Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(6): 1225. CrossRef

1,546 View
0 Download
1 Crossref

[English]
Perception of Use of Environment-friendly Agricultural Products during School Foodservice of Mothers of Elementary School Students in Gyeonggi: Young Un An, Myung Hee Kim, Mi Kyeong Choi, Mi Hyun Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(3):234-242. Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.3.234

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was to investigate the perception of mothers of elementary school students regarding environment-friendly agricultural products in school foodservice.
METHODS
A total of 282 mothers whose children were receiving environment-friendly agricultural products during elementary school foodservice in Gyeonggi participated in this questionnaire survey. The survey was conducted to investigate respondents perception and satisfaction with environment-friendly agricultural products in their children's school meals from May 29 to June 9, 2017.
RESULTS
About 79% of the subjects were satisfied with school foodservice. The most important aspects of school foodservice were nutrition (35.8%) and sanitation (34.8%). Over 80% of the subjects were aware of environment-friendly agricultural products and about 54% of the subjects checked for a certification mark when purchasing environment-friendly agricultural products. Additionally, 72.3% of the subjects knew that environment-friendly agricultural products were used at school. The advantages of using environment-friendly agricultural products in school foodservice were safety (75.5%) and high food quality (16.3%). About 66% of the mothers knew the school was receiving support from the city or education office for using environment-friendly agricultural products. Additionally, 74.5% of the mothers responded that they are willing to pay for use of environment-friendly agricultural products when subsidies were not supported.
CONCLUSIONS
The positive perception and high support for use of environment-friendly agricultural products in school foodservice among elementary students' mothers can be used as basic data for expansion of the use of environment-friendly agricultural products in school foodservice.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Shifting social perceptions of dietitians in Korea after the legislation of nutrition teachers: a keyword network analysis of unstructured data
Yunkyoung Oh, Eunsil Her
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(3): 214. CrossRef
Recognition of Environmentally-friendly Agricultural Products for School Foodservice of Nutrition Teachers and Parents in 2018 at Seongnam in Gyeonggi province
Jisoo Kwon, Wookyoun Cho
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(4): 290. CrossRef
When Agricultural Waste Transforms into an Environmentally Friendly Material: The Case of Green Concrete as Alternative to Natural Resources Depletion
Cătălina Mihaela Grădinaru, Adrian Alexandru Şerbănoiu, Danut Traian Babor, Gabriel Constantin Sârbu, Ioan Valentin Petrescu-Mag, Andrei Cristian Grădinaru
Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics.2019; 32(1): 77. CrossRef
A Study on Satisfaction of School Food Service Using Environment-friendly Agricultural Products
Byeol Han, Ho Kim, Sung-Bum Yang
Korean Journal of Organic Agricultue.2018; 26(4): 559. CrossRef
Willingness-to-Pay on Increase of Usage for Environmental-friendly Agricultural Product in School Food Service
Sung-Bum Yang
Korean Journal of Organic Agricultue.2018; 26(4): 609. CrossRef

1,368 View
2 Download
5 Crossref

[English]
Comparison Between Semi-Quantitative Frequency Methods and 7-day Dietary Records Methods in Food and Nutrition Intake Status For Hemodialysis Patients: Dong Ryeol Ryu, Jung Hyun Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Min Sook Kyung, Jung Tak Park; Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(5):426-440. Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.5.426

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The valid assessment of food and nutrients intakes using appropriate dietary intake method is necessary to improve the nutritional status of the hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study was conducted to compare the method between newly developed, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (Semi-FFQ) and 7-day dietary records (7-DRs) for hemodialysis patients.
METHODS
We conducted both methods on 53 maintenance HD patients in two university hospitals. We calibrated the frequency, portion size and daily intake of 47 food items reported in Semi-FFQ. The food and nutrients intake was compared and the correlation of the two methods was analyzed. Also each nutrient intake was compared to recommended dietary allowance for Korean (KDRIs) and recommended nutrient reference value for HD patients.
RESULTS
Energy and energy-yielding nutrients intakes were significantly higher in the two methods (p<0.01). These support the possible reliability between Semi-FFQ and 7-DRs that is similar with regard to most mineral and vitamin intakes. Thus, the Semi-FFQ used in this study for the assessment of nutrient intakes of HD patients can be reliable for the assessment of the nutrient intake along with the 7-DRs. The correlation coefficients were higher for foods consumed daily, such as steamed rice, meat and chicken, bean, egg, milk, coffee and alcohol than for those of foods eaten rarely (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The Semi-FFQ used in this study can be a reliable tool for the assessment of the HD patients' nutrient intake along with the 7-DRs, despite its limitations.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of dietary intake patterns in hemodialysis patients by nutritional status: A cross-sectional analysis
Ji Eun Lee, Hyun-Jung Kim, Mi Jung Lee, Young Eun Kwon, Min-Sook Kyung, Jung-Tak Park, Jung Pyo Lee, Su-Hyun Kim, Jung-Hyun Kim, Hyung Jung Oh, Dong-Ryeol Ryu
Kidney Research and Clinical Practice.2020; 39(2): 202. CrossRef
Comparison of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients’ dietary behaviors
Seon-Mi Kim, Byung Chin Kang, Hyun-Jung Kim, Min-Sook Kyung, Hyung Jung Oh, Jung-Hyun Kim, Oran Kwon, Dong-Ryeol Ryu
BMC Nephrology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

1,080 View
1 Download
2 Crossref

[English]
Nutritional Evaluation of Convenience Meals in Convenience Stores near the Universities: Go Na Shin, Yu Ri Kim, Mi Hyun Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(5):375-386. Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.5.375

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Rapid economic growth and industrial development in South Korea have led to a great change in dietary patterns, and the use of convenience foods has continuously increased. This study was performed to evaluate the energy and nutrient contents of convenience foods at convenience stores near the universities as a meal.
METHODS
Data was collected by visiting 22 convenience stores near some universities in Chungbuk and Seoul and by checking nutrition labels on convenience foods at the stores. Data of a total of 338 food items were collected, and divided into five groups according to the food categories; rice products (n=156), noodles (n=101), burger/sandwiches (n=62), Tteokbokkis (n=11), and dumplings (n=8). Further, rice products, noodles, and burger/sandwiches were divided into subcategories.
RESULTS
The proportion of calories from carbohydrates was high in the rice products and tteokbokki, while the rate of calories from fat was high in burger/sandwiches and dumplings. Among the rice products, the proportion of carbohydrate calories was high in a one-dish food, rice with soup, and triangular kimbap, while the proportion of calories from fat in lunch boxes was high. In the noodles category, ramyeon and spaghetti had a high percentage of fat calories, while udong had a high percentage of carbohydrate calories. The ratio of the calorie content in relation to the KDRIs for adults aged 19-29 years, lunch boxes provided about 1/3 of daily required energy. However, the amount of calories as one meal was not enough for other types of rice products except for lunch boxes. Ramyeon was high in calories, fat, and sodium, but low in protein content. The burger/sandwiches had a high percentage of fat and sodium.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results showed several nutritional limitations of convenience meals in convenience stores according to the type of food. Therefore, college students should limit excessive intake of convenience meals on a regular basis in order to avoid unhealthy food intake patterns. Our results demonstrate the need for educating college students with regard to checking nutrition labels when choosing convenience meals in order to facilitate the selection of food items that contribute to a balanced diet.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Nutritional Evaluation of Convenience Store Meal Boxes in South Korea
Jinkyung Choi, Yunseon Choe
International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science.2025; : 101332. CrossRef
Gen Z consumers’ expectations for smart convenience stores in the USA, South Korea, and Japan
Summer Dahyang Jung, Sahej Claire, Sohyeong Kim
Young Consumers.2024; 25(3): 400. CrossRef
How Does the Frequency of Eating-Alone among Older People in Korea Affect Their Health and Dietary Behavior?
Yongseok Kwon, Kyung Hee Hong, Yoo-Kyung Park, Sohye Kim
Nutrients.2023; 15(9): 2085. CrossRef
Usage and Quality Satisfaction of Convenience Food at Convenience Stores according to the Eating Behavior of University Students in Southern Gyeonggi Province
Se-In Oh, Ok-Sun Kim
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2023; 33(6): 492. CrossRef
Evaluation of Nutritional Quality of Convenience Store Meal Boxes according to Store Company and Meal Price
Changgyu Cho, Youngmin Nam, Hye-Jong Yoo
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(2): 105. CrossRef
Energy and nutrition evaluation per single serving package for each type of home meal replacement rice
In-Young Choi, Jee-Young Yeon, Mi-Hyun Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2022; 55(4): 476. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Convenience Food Choices based on the Health Consciousness of Chinese Students in South Korea
SongLin Bai, Youngmi Lee, Kyounghee Song, Yujin Lee
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2022; 32(3): 169. CrossRef
Health Behaviors, Nutritional Status, and Mental Health Associated with Eating Alone in Korean Adults: Based on the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Seung Eun Oh, Seung Hee Kim, Hye-Soon Park
Korean Journal of Family Practice.2022; 12(1): 28. CrossRef
The Effect of Frequent Use of Convenience Food from Convenience Stores on the Diet Quality of Women’s University Students: Using the Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adults
Sun Hee Lee, Seung-Lim Lee
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2021; 32(4): 581. CrossRef
Analysis of Usage, Preference, and Satisfaction for Convenience Store Dessert among University Students in Chungbuk Area
Go Eun Lee, Hye-In Yang, Yun-Jung Bae
Journal of Biotechnology and Bioindustry.2021; 9: 63. CrossRef
Status of serving labeling of home meal replacement-soups and stews, and evaluation of their energy and nutrient content per serving
Mi-Hyun Kim, In-Young Choi, Jee-Young Yeon
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(5): 560. CrossRef
Blood Sugar Management Related to Home Meal Replacement and Delivery Meal Services among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Min Young Noh
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2021; 22(2): 142. CrossRef
Factors influencing the consumption of convenience foods among Korean adolescents: analysis of data from the 15th (2019) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey
Seul Ki Park, Ji Hyun Lee
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(3): 255. CrossRef
Association of frequent intake of fast foods, energy drinks, or convenience food with atopic dermatitis in adolescents
Soo Ick Cho, Hanjae Lee, Dong Hun Lee, Kyu-Han Kim
European Journal of Nutrition.2020; 59(7): 3171. CrossRef
Predictive Growth Modeling of Listeria monocytogenes in Rice Balls and Its Risk Assessment
Seoungsoon Yeo, Misook Kim
Journal of Food Quality.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef
Nutritional Assessment Focusing on Minerals of Ready-to-Cook Foods Sold in Korea
Eun-Sun Park, Mi-Hyun Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2019; 29(6): 501. CrossRef
Study on Middle and High School Students' Use of Convenience Foods at Convenience Stores in Incheon
Seul-Ki Lee, Mi-Kyeong Choi, Mi-Hyun Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(2): 137. CrossRef
How a combination of two contradicting concepts is represented: The representation of premium instant noodles and premium yogurts by different age groups
Hyun-Kyou Shim, Cho Long Lee, Dominique Valentin, Jae-Hee Hong
Food Research International.2019; 125: 108506. CrossRef
Health-promoting Lifestyle of Nursing Students: Using Mixed Methods Research
Hyun-Ju Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2019; 30(4): 414. CrossRef
Home Meal Replacement Use and Eating Habits of Adults in One-Person Households
Mi-Kyeong Choi, Eun-Sun Park, Mi-Hyun Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(6): 476. CrossRef
Association between frequency of convenience foods use at convenience stores and dietary quality among high school students in Incheon
Eun-Mi Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi, Mi-Hyun Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(4): 383. CrossRef

1,689 View
7 Download
21 Crossref

[English]
Development of Education Materials as a Card News Format for Nutrition Management of Pregnant and Lactating Women: Young Hee Han, Jung Hyun Kim, Min Jun Lee, Taeksang Yoo, Taisun Hyun; Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(3):248-258. Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.3.248

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the study was to develop a series of education materials as a card news format to provide nutrition information for pregnant and lactating women.
METHODS
The materials were developed in seven steps. As a first step, the needs of pregnant and lactating women were assessed by reviewing scientific papers and existing education materials, and by interviewing a focus group. The second step was to construct main categories and the topics of information. In step 3, a draft of the contents in each topic was developed based on the scientific evidence. In step 4, a draft of card news was created by editors and designers by editing the text and embedding images in the card news. In step 5, the text, images and sequences were reviewed to improve readability by the members of the project team and nutrition experts. In step 6, parts of the text or images or the sequences of the card news were revised based on the reviews. In step 7, the card news were finalized and released online to the public.
RESULTS
A series of 26 card news for pregnant and lactating women were developed. The series covered five categories such as nutrition management, healthy food choices, food safety, favorites to avoid, nutrition management in special conditions for pregnant and lactating women. The satisfaction of 7 topics of the card news was evaluated by 140 pregnant women, and more than 70% of the women were satisfied with the materials.
CONCLUSIONS
The card news format materials developed in this study are innovative nutrition education tools, and can be downloaded on the homepage of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Those materials can be easily shared in social media by nutrition educators or by pregnant and lactating women to use.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Risk factors for inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain during pregnancy among women
Ju Sun Cho, Sook Jung Kang
Midwifery.2025; 144: 104345. CrossRef
A comparative study on nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior between Korean and Chinese postpartum women
Sohyun Kim, Heewon L Gray, Jia Li, Haeryun Park, Youngmi Lee, Kyunghee Song
Nutrition Research and Practice.2019; 13(6): 535. CrossRef

1,131 View
4 Download
2 Crossref

[English]
Development of Nutrition Education Contents for Pregnant Women Based on Effective Communication Strategies: Taeksang Yoo, Young Hee Han, Jung Hyun Kim, Min Jun Lee, Taisun Hyun; Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(2):115-126. Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.2.115

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the study was to develop communication strategies for effective nutrition education targeting pregnant women and to create nutrition education contents.
METHODS
The format and the contents of online resources on nutrition information for pregnant women provided by reliable institutions were analyzed. Possible solutions to overcome barriers of nutrition education as well as communication strategies for effective nutrition education were identified by a brainstorming process. Based on the communication strategies, contents for nutrition education were created. Understandability, level of interest, applicability to daily life, harmony of text and illustration, and overall satisfaction of the contents were evaluated by dietitians and pregnant women.
RESULTS
The four communication strategies were developed; (1) to focus on a few important messages, (2) to provide evidence-based information, (3) to create illustrations or infographics with a minimum amount of text, and (4) to provide tips on how to improve the current diet options. Based on these strategies, the contents were focused on three important nutrients for pregnant women, folate, iron, and calcium. The percentages of the recommended nutrient intakes of the three nutrients on selected menu and its improved version by adding a dish or changing a dish into another dish were calculated and provided. Finally, the contents were delivered as illustrations with a minimum amount of text. Overall, dietitians and pregnant women were satisfied with the contents.
CONCLUSIONS
The contents developed in this study can be used in a pamphlet or a pregnancy diary, or can be shared in social networking services. Further contents on other nutrients and various menu are expected to be developed using these communication strategies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Development of Education Materials as a Card News Format for Nutrition Management of Pregnant and Lactating Women
Young-Hee Han, Jung Hyun Kim, Min Jun Lee, Taeksang Yoo, Taisun Hyun
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(3): 248. CrossRef

1,245 View
9 Download
1 Crossref

[English]
Diet and Health Status of Elderly Women According to the Family Type: Mi Kyeong Choi, Myung Hwa Kang, Mi Hyun Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(3):256-264. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.3.256

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the diet and health status of elderly women according to the family type.
METHODS
A total of 307 elderly women participated in this study were divided into one of three groups according to their family type: residing with spouse (RSP; n=88), residing with son or daughter (RSD; n=119), and residing alone (RAL; n=100). Chi-square test was used to assess dietary habits and health status of the subjects by the family types.
RESULTS
Results demonstrated significant associations between eating regular meals, person preparing meals, coffee intake, and bone fracture experience and family type. Among the three groups, the RSP and RAL groups had a higher percentage for preparing meals by themselves (p<0.001) than the RSD group. The RAL group had a lower percentage for eating regular meals (p<0.01) but a higher percentage for bone fracture experience (p<0.05) than the other groups. There were no significant differences in monthly allowance, self-estimated health status, physical activity, exercise, drinking, and dietary habits such as frequency of consumption of dairy, beans, eggs, fish, meat, fruits, and vegetables among the three groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that elderly women residing alone without a son, daughter, or spouse had more diet-related and health problems such as irregular meals and high bone fracture experience. These findings suggested that elderly women residing alone need more attention and support.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Mental Health and Handgrip Strength Among Older Adults: A Nationwide Study
Yeunhee Kwak, Yoonjung Kim
INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Health and nutrition intake status of the Korean elderly according to their food security level: data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII), 2016–2018
Ahreum Maeng, Jeehyun Lee, Eunju Yoon
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(2): 179. CrossRef
Sex-Associated Differences in the Handgrip Strength of Elderly Individuals
Yeunhee Kwak, Yoonjung Kim, Haekyung Chung
Western Journal of Nursing Research.2020; 42(4): 262. CrossRef
Social participation, health‐related behavior, and depression of older adults living alone in Korea
Seojin Won, Hyemee Kim
Asian Social Work and Policy Review.2020; 14(1): 61. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Nutrition Status and Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence of the Members according to the Number of Household Members based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2014)
Jin-Young Lee, Soo-Kyong Choi, Jung-Sook Seo
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(3): 232. CrossRef
Quality of life and subjective health status according to handgrip strength in the elderly: a cross-sectional study
Yeunhee Kwak, Yoonjung Kim
Aging & Mental Health.2019; 23(1): 107. CrossRef
Eating alone and metabolic syndrome: A population-based Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014
A Rom Kwon, Yeong Sook Yoon, Kyong Pil Min, Yoon Kyung Lee, Ji Ho Jeon
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice.2018; 12(2): 146. CrossRef
Effects of the Elderly's Health Statuses, Health Behavior, and Social Relations on Their Health-related Quality of Life: Focusing on Family Types
Young Bum Kim, Seung-Hee Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(3): 310. CrossRef

1,259 View
2 Download
8 Crossref

[English]
The Nutrient Intakes and their Relationships with the Use of Diuretics, Symptom Severity and Physical Functioning in Heart Failure Patients: Jun Hee Jang, Haejung Lee, Youngjoo Park, Kook Jin Chun, Jong Hyun Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(2):190-199. Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.2.190

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in nutrient intake according to using diuretics, symptom severity and degree of physical functioning in heart failure patients.
METHODS
A secondary data analysis was conducted by using baseline data of an intervention study for heart failure patients. In this study, 131 heart failure patients were included. Data were collected using medical records, NYHA (New York Heart Association functional classification) class, and 6-minute-walking test and 24-hour diet recall. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test by SPSS 21.0. Nutrient intake was assessed using CAN-pro 2.0.
RESULTS
Majority of the participants consumed total calorie less than Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) and consumed carbohydrates more than 65% of their total calorie intakes. 24.4% of the participants consumed fat more than 30% of their total calorie intakes and 23.7% consumed saturated fat more than 7% of their total calorie intakes. 100.0% of the participants consumed protein less than 7% of their total calorie intakes and 73.3% of the participants consumed more than recommended intakes of sodium. More than 90.0% of the participants consumed less than adequate intakes of potassium (90.1%) and Vitamin D (91.6%), respectively. 100% and 62.6% of the participants consumed less than Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of magnesium and Vitamin B1, respectively. Nutrient intakes in heart failure patients were different for potassium intake according to the usage of diuretics. The participants with symptom severity tended to intake protein less properly and the participants walking more than 300.0 m tended to intake sodium improperly high.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study indicated the need for screening nutrient intakes of heart failure patients. It is necessary to increase the intake of total calories and most nutrients and to restrict sodium intakes among heart failure patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Nutrition Intervention Process for Heart Failure Patients according to Their Nutritional Problems
Hosun Lee, Suk Yong Jeong, Hae Ryeon Choi, Seok-Min Kang
Clinical Nutrition Research.2021; 10(2): 172. CrossRef

1,013 View
1 Download
1 Crossref

[English]
A study on the Needs for Nutrition Management Program for Elderly Who use Welfare Facilities: Min June Lee, Jung Hyun Kim, Ok Jin Park, Young Mi Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(1):65-74. Published online February 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.1.65

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to investigate the nutritional status, health conditions, eating habits and experience and demand for nutrition.dietary management of senior citizens. And these data are formed foundation of development of nutrition.dietary management education program and contents in welfare facilities for the aged.
METHODS
We visited 3 public health centers, 3 senior citizens centers, and 4 welfare centers in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungnam province, and Daejeon area and carried out interview by semi-structured questionnaire for senior citizens older than 65 years who use those facilities.
RESULTS
The study included 17%, 30.7% and 52.3% of senior citizens from public health centers, seniorcitizen centers and and welfare centers, respectively. The age range of 43.9% of the population was 65-74 years and and 56.1% were older than 75 years. We observed that 83.2% of subjects took some medicines due to diseases that they have and 58.0% took prescription medicines for hypertension. The thing that they considered the most when selecting food was 'the taste'(p<0.05). Regarding the level of practice to keep the dietary life, they answered more than 'average' for most of items but answered less than 'average' for lot of salt intake, drinking, exercise. For the experience of nutritionddietary life education, only 19.8% answered 'Yes' and the service for nutritionddietary life management showed the highest score in the demand for 'provide nutritious food'. For the size of consulting group for nutrition/dietary life education, the public health center and welfare center preferred a larger group size but the senior citizens center preferred a smaller group. With regard to who will carry out the consulting, the demand for dietitian was the highest and the operation type showed the high demand in the order of consulting, education. The contents that they want to have consultation in nutritionddietary life education were diet therapy for diseases and the ordinary diet therapy for health.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggested the management of nutritionddietry life necessitates qualitative measures according to the different types of welfare facilities. For these, it is in need of development of counseling and education program included therapy for disease. Above all, the policy to secure dietitian of welfare facilities for the aged to perform these should be achived.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Spatial pattern and influencing factors of urban elderly meal assistance facilities: a case study from Beijing, China, based on multi-source data
Tuke Zheng, Xidong Ma, Xiaoqing Cheng
Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering.2025; : 1. CrossRef
A study on the diet and nutrition management status and educational needs in elderly care facilities in Korea: focus group interviews with staff from children’s and social welfare meal management support centers and elderly care facilities
Seo Young Choi, Hyun joo Ryou, Jieun Oh
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(4): 286. CrossRef
Snack Provision Practice in Long-Term Care Hospitals and Facilities in Korea
Dayeong Yeo, Hae Jin Kang, Hyejin Ahn, Yoo Kyoung Park
Clinical Nutrition Research.2024; 13(2): 108. CrossRef
Effectiveness of NQ-E index-based individual nutrition counseling for community-care elderly: an intervention study on improving nutritional status, complex chronic diseases, and quality of life
Yoonjeong Choi, Jihyun Lee, Heesook Lim, Yoo Kyoung Park
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(6): 480. CrossRef
Evaluation on the Nutrition Quotient Scores of Elderly People Living Alone in Korea
Gyoungok Gang, Min Lee, Eun-hui Choi, Hye-Lim Lee, Hyun-Young Lee, Hye-Ja Chang, Jung-Hwa Choi, Na-Young Yi, Kyung-Eun Lee, Min-Jae Chung, Tong-Kyung Kwak
Nutrients.2023; 15(17): 3750. CrossRef
Effects of nutrition and hygiene education program on healthy eating habits and behavior of the elderly in Chungbuk
Je-ok Yeon, Byung-chun Song, Kyung-Jin Yeum, Myoung-sook Kim, Mi-young Lee
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2022; 55(3): 390. CrossRef
Dietary quality of lunches in senior leisure service facilities in South Korea: analysis of data from the 2013–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Daeun Choi, Youngmi Lee, Haeryun Park, Kyunghee Song, Jinah Hwang
Nutrition Research and Practice.2021; 15(2): 266. CrossRef
Future Perspective of the Elderly Food in a Super-Aged Society
Weon-Sun Shin
Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society.2021; 11(1): 1. CrossRef
Effects of a Person-Centered Nursing Intervention for Frailty among Prefrail Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Jiyeon Ha, Yeon-Hwan Park
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(18): 6660. CrossRef
Socio-Economic Factors are Associated with Risk of Inadequate Protein Intake among Korean Elderly: Based on the Seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES Ⅶ), 2016-2018
Won Jang, Ho Kyung Ryu
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2020; 31(2): 215. CrossRef
Current Status of Sanitary and Nutritional Food Service in Elderly Day Care Center
Jeonghyeon Woo, Yoo Kyoung Park, Mi-Hyun Kim, Soo-Kyung Lee, Kyunghee Song, Hye-Kyeong Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(5): 374. CrossRef
Comparative analysis of dietary behavior and nutrient intake of elderly in urban and rural areas for development of “Village Lunch Table” program: Based on 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data
Youngmi Lee, Yourim Choi, Hae Ryun Park, Kyung Hee Song, Kyung Eun Lee, Chang Hee Yoo, Young Suk Lim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(2): 171. CrossRef
Food Safety and Nutrition Education Program for Elderly and Assessment of Program Effectiveness Based on Health Belief Model
Jung-Hwa Choi, Eun-Sil Lee, Yoon-Jin Lee, Hye-Sang Lee, Hye-Ja Chang, Kyung-Eun Lee, Na-Young Yi, Yoon Ahn, Tong-Kyung Kwak
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2016; 45(9): 1366. CrossRef

1,248 View
5 Download
13 Crossref

[English]
Dietary Behavior of Marriage Migrant Women according to Their Nationality in Multicultural Families: Jung Hyun Kim, Myung Hee Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(1):53-64. Published online February 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.1.53

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Nowadays, the multicultural families make up significant portion of Korean population and communities. Successful re-settling in a new country can be difficult, particularly when there are disparities in dietary behavior compared to home country. The objective of the study was to investigate the dietary behavior of marriage migrant women according to their nationality in multicultural families.
METHODS
The primary research was conducted targeting 94 marriage migrant women who came from China (40.4%), Vietnam (26.6%), and other countries except for Japan (33.0%). We investigated their dietary behavior, such as eating attitude and food choice behavior for Korea acculturation. We also studied dietary behavior among 14 selected subjects who had high level of integration and assimilation acculturation patterns by administering the Focus Group Interview (FGI).
RESULTS
The multicultural families had more integration acculturation patterns, which could have been influenced by their nationality. Vietnamese origin has the highest cultural adaptation as marginalization pattern. The common types of Korea acculturation were integration (3.03 +/- 1.08), separation (3.10 +/- 0.59), marginalization (3.10 +/- 0.58), followed by assimilation (2.84 +/- 0.51). There were significant differences in the four types of acculturation by marriage immigrant women's country of origin (p<0.05). According to dietary behavior, 'eliminating hunger' was the most important value in a meal. Chinese marriage migrant women, who had higher level of food intake attitude significantly, also considered 'being healthy' an important value. Regarding food choice behavior, Vietnamese had lowest frequency of homeland food intake. Most of marriage immigrant women were satisfied with the Korean food, and need for education was very high with interest for cooking, good nutrition, and managing their children's dietary life.
CONCLUSIONS
Coping with a change in dietary behavior is one of the biggest transitional difficulties, and family members may need support to find their familiar food items and to continue their cultural food choice behavior in the local areas. Further researches with quantitative and qualitative analysis are needed to understand the effect of dietary behavior for acculturation in multicultural families.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Economic Aspirations and Vietnamese Interest in Korean Matrimony
Nguyen Duy Quynh, Nguyen Nghi Thanh
Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review.2025; 5(2): e03215. CrossRef
Development and Application of Customized Nutrition Education Content Using Personas for Married Immigrant Women: Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Social Cognitive Theory
Sil-Ah Kim, Min-Ah Kim, Seung-Ah Kim, Ji-Yun Hwang
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2025; 54(7): 614. CrossRef
Prejudice and discrimination experienced by high-skilled migrants in their daily lives: Focus group interviews with Tokyo metropolitan area residents
Jiwon Shin, Hwajin Lim, Jiyeon Shin
Asian Journal of Social Science.2024; 52(1): 17. CrossRef
Analysis of eating behavior of Indonesian women from multicultural and non-multicultural families
Ulya Ardina, Su-In Yoon, Jin Ah Cho
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(2): 228. CrossRef
A relationship between food environment and food insecurity in households with immigrant women residing in the Seoul metropolitan area
Sung-Min Yook, Ji-Yun Hwang
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(3): 264. CrossRef
Experience of reorganizing life in married immigrant women with chronic disease; With three Asian countries at the center
Soon-Mi Cheon
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(1): 15. CrossRef
The Food Delivery App Information Design Suggestion for Foreigners in South Korea
Diana Iziiatullina, Jinyeon Shin, Aygul Akhmetova, Soojin Park
Journal of Multimedia Information System.2022; 9(4): 327. CrossRef
Analysis of Korean Dietary Life Adaptation of Married Female Immigrants
Jeong-Sook Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(2): 103. CrossRef
Effects of the Culturally Sensitive Education of Perinatal Care on Knowledge, Skills, and Self-Efficacy among Korean Husbands and Vietnamese Wives
Youngmee Kim, Kap-Chul Cho
Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(4): 515. CrossRef
Qualitative Consumer Preference Studies on Korean-style Kimchi in Chinese Living in Korea
Mi-Ai Lee, Yun-Jeong Choi, Mina K. Kim
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2017; 27(2): 185. CrossRef
Food intake and nutritional status of female marriage immigrants residing in Gwangju, Korea
Eun Ju Yang, Jin Mo Khil
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016; 49(5): 358. CrossRef
Dietary behaviors of female marriage immigrants residing in Gwangju, Korea
Eun Ju Yang
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016; 49(3): 179. CrossRef

1,182 View
5 Download
12 Crossref

[English]
A Study on Sodium-related Dietary Attitude and Behaviors According to Sodium-related Nutrition Knowledge of University Students: Mi Hyun Kim, Jee Young Yeon, Jong Wook Kim, Jae Eon Byun, So Young Bu, Mi Kyeong Choi, Yun Jung Bae; Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(5):327-337. Published online October 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.5.327

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
Dietary life is closely associated with dietary attitude and diet-related knowledge. Particularly, dietary habit such as sodium intake can be affected by various dietary behaviors such as food choices, dietary attitude toward salty food and a preference for salty taste. The purpose of this study was to assess sodium-related nutrition knowledge and to identify sodium-related attitude and behaviors according to the level of sodium-related knowledge of university students.
METHODS
Anthropometric measurements were provided by 408 students who participated in this study. The study participants answered questionnaires to provide information on general dietary behaviors, sodium-related dietary attitude and other behavioral factors. A total score of nutrition knowledge was used to categorize study participants in to two groups, namely, low level in sodium-related knowledge (LNaK) or high level in sodium-related knowledge (HNaK) and the attitude and the behaviors of students toward sodium intake were compared between these two groups.
RESULTS
The ratio of female students in HNaK group was higher than that in the LNaK group. HNaK group had a higher score in checking nutrition label of processed food than the LNaK group. Total score of sodium-related attitude and behaviors of HNaK group were 34.81 and 32.75, respectively and these scores were significantly higher than that of the LNaK group whose scores were 32.57 and 30.57, respectively. Total energy intake was not different between two groups but the intakes of calcium, vitamin B2 and folate were higher in HNaK group than in the LNaK group. Correlation analysis adjusted for age and gender revealed that total score of sodium-related nutrition knowledge was positively correlated with total score of sodium-related attitude and behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, students who had high level of sodium-related nutrition knowledge had desirable attitude and behaviors toward sodium intake and these results can be considered in nutrition education for university students.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Maternal nutrition intervention focused on the adjustment of salt and sugar intake can improve pregnancy outcomes
Yuri Seo, Yeon Seon Jeong, Kyung‐A Koo, Jeong In Yang, Yoo Kyoung Park
Food Science & Nutrition.2020; 8(7): 3900. CrossRef
Effect of Protection Motivation Factors on Behavioral Intention to Reduce Sodium Intake among University Students in Gyeongnam and Busan
Soo-Hyun Jang, Eunju Yoon
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2016; 29(1): 104. CrossRef

1,116 View
7 Download
2 Crossref

[English]
Associations between Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Consumption Frequencies of Vitamin D Rich Foods in Korean Adults and Older Adults: Areum Yu, Jihye Kim, Oran Kwon, Se Young Oh, Junghyun Kim, Yoon Jung Yang; Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(2):122-132. Published online April 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.122

Abstract PDF

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to investigate the vitamin D status and to determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods in Korean adults and older adults.
METHODS
Subjects were 10,374 adults and 2,792 older adults participating in the 2008-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods were estimated by using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Eleven food items such as beef, egg, mackerel, tuna, yellow corvina, pollack, anchovy, mushroom, milk, yogurt, and ice cream were selected as vitamin D rich foods based on previous research.
RESULTS
The proportions of deficiency (< 12 ng/mL), inadequacy (12-20 ng/mL) and sufficiency (> or = 20 ng/mL) of serum 25(OH)D concentrations from June to November and December to May in adults were 8.8%, 42.3%, 48.8%, and 28.2%, 52.8%, 19.1%, respectively. The proportions of deficiency, inadequacy and sufficiency of serum 25 (OH)D concentrations from June to November and December to May in older adults were 10.1%, 32.4%, 57.5%, and 24.1%, 45.4%, 30.5%, respectively. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in adults were positively related to the consumption frequencies of mackerel, anchovy, all fish, milk and milk.dairy products. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in older adults were positively related to the consumption frequencies of yellow corvina and negatively related to the consumption frequencies of ice cream.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that Korean adults were more deficient in serum 25(OH)D concentrations than older adults. The consumption of vitamin D rich foods may affect vitamin D status in Korean adults. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Discovering Vitamin-D-Deficiency-Associated Factors in Korean Adults Using KNHANES Data Based on an Integrated Analysis of Machine Learning and Statistical Techniques
Hongryul Ahn, Seungwon Kim, Jinmyung Jung, Chan Park
Nutrients.2025; 17(4): 618. CrossRef
Estimated dietary vitamin D intake and major vitamin D food sources of Koreans: based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2019
Ki Nam Kim, Jung-Sug Lee, Jee-Seon Shim, Mi Ock Yoon, Hyun Sook Lee
Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(3): 451. CrossRef
Impacts of serum vitamin D levels on sleep and daytime sleepiness according to working conditions
Hyuk Joo Lee, Hayun Choi, In-Young Yoon
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.2020; 16(7): 1045. CrossRef
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cognitive function in Korean older adults living in rural area
Ye Som Shin, Bo Youl Choi, Mi Kyung Kim, Yoon Jung Yang
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(5): 465. CrossRef
Vitamin D intake, serum 25OHD, and bone mineral density of Korean adults: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2011)
Mi-Yeon Kim, Mi-Ja Kim, Sun Yung Ly
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016; 49(6): 437. CrossRef
Relationship of vitamin D status and obesity index in Korean women
Ji-Young Park, Young-Ran Heo
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016; 49(1): 28. CrossRef
The relationship between Physical Growth and Major Sources of Serum Vitamin D among Hospitalized Children of Changwon City
Haeyoung Kang, Eunsil Her, Kyung-Hea Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(3): 197. CrossRef

1,692 View
4 Download
7 Crossref

[English]
A study on Consumer's Needs for Development of Diet Guide Application for Pregnant Women: Sook Bae Kim, Jeong Weon Kim, Mi Hyun Kim, Young Sook Cho, Se Na Kim, Hee Sook Lim, Soon Kyung Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(6):588-598. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.6.588

Abstract PDF

This study was conducted to assess needs of educational mobile application (App) development for nutritional management and information on pregnant women. A total of 105 pregnant women were investigated on general characteristics, dietary habits, health behavior and needs for contents and composition of the application. The mean age of the subjects was 31.9 years and the mean gestation period was 25.4 weeks. The rate of skipping meal was 39.0% and the rate of irregular meal time was 46.6%. The consciousness of the meal as balanced nutrition and health was 19.9%. Eating out at least forth a week was 35.3%. Obtaining information about pregnancy and childbirth were internet (35.3%), hospital or health center (19.9%), books (17.1%), experience (15.2%), mobile (8.6%) and friends or acquaintances (4.8%). If the application is developed, subject replied 'frequently use' (51.4%), 'when needed' (47.6%) respectively. The favour topic in developing application were 'nutrition information of pregnant and fetal' (36.2%), 'weight management, feeding' (33.3%), 'food choice and cooking' (21.9%), 'shopping' (5.7%), 'example of menu' (1.9%), 'effect of smoking, drinking, exercising' (1.0%). The favorite content was 'include sufficient amount about information' (44.8%). Depending on the age and education level, the best age for pregnancy group have significantly higher ability for utilize and information gathering than old age pregnant group. Also the best age for pregnancy group have high demands of design, convenience and various contents in App development. Therefore, mobile application (App) for pregnant women could be widely used as an effective dietary guide.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Keyword Analysis Study on Postpartum Obesity Using Big Data
Hyung-ui Baik, Bo-Kyung Seo, Gyu-Ri Kim, Jung-Eun Ku
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(16): 8807. CrossRef
A comparative study on nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior between Korean and Chinese postpartum women
Sohyun Kim, Heewon L Gray, Jia Li, Haeryun Park, Youngmi Lee, Kyunghee Song
Nutrition Research and Practice.2019; 13(6): 535. CrossRef
Development of Education Materials as a Card News Format for Nutrition Management of Pregnant and Lactating Women
Young-Hee Han, Jung Hyun Kim, Min Jun Lee, Taeksang Yoo, Taisun Hyun
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(3): 248. CrossRef
Development of Nutrition Education Contents for Pregnant Women Based on Effective Communication Strategies
Taeksang Yoo, Young-Hee Han, Jung Hyun Kim, Min Jun Lee, Taisun Hyun
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(2): 115. CrossRef
Comparison on the Use of Smartphone Application between International and Korean Pregnant Women
Hyeon Jihye, Syed Nitas Iftekhar
International Journal of Information and Education Technology.2016; 6(5): 404. CrossRef
Comparing Nutrition Knowledge, Eating Habits, and Neonatal Health Status of Primipara for Pregnant Women of Advanced Maternal Age Compared to Those of Younger Ages
Sun-Ok Lee, Kyung-Yeon Park, Mi-Jung Han
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2015; 21(4): 253. CrossRef

1,189 View
7 Download
6 Crossref

[English]
Effects of Nutrition Education for Chinese College Students in Korea: Focused on Personalized Daily Energy Requirement and Food Exchange Units: Jia Li Guo, Soon Kyung Kim, Jeong Weon Kim, Mi Hyun Kim, Se Na Kim, Sook Bae Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(6):565-576. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.6.565

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition education on nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake of Chinese college students in Korea. The subjects were 64 Chinese college students in Korea (educated group, 32 students vs. non-educated group, 32 students). Educated group was lessoned as group and/or individual. Nutrition education program consisted of four lessons (40min / lesson), '6 major nutrients & function (group lesson)', '6 food group and sources (group lesson)', 'personalized daily needed energy and food exchange units using Food Exchange System (individual lesson)', and 'smart choice of snacks and eating-out foods (group lesson)'. We examined the differences between educated group and non-educated group in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake. After education, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge: 'function and foods of 6 nutrients', on dietary attitudes: 'type of breakfast' in educated group. In the evaluation of nutrient intakes according to Dietary Reference Intakes for Korean (KDRI), there were positive improvements on intake levels of riboflavin, fiber, vitamin B6, vitamin C, folate, Ca and K in the educated group. In the index of nutrition quality (INQ), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean nutrition adequacy ratio (MAR) were significantly increased in the educated group. In conclusion, it is possible to improve nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake of Chinese college students in Korea through the nutrition education focused on personalized daily needed energy and food exchange units.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Impact of Nutrition Education Based on the PRECEDE‐PROCEED Model on Improving the Nutritional Status and Growth Status of 7–12‐Year‐Old Malnourished Children in Kermanshah
Fatemeh Maleki, Shaghayegh Sharifi Soltani, Shahab Rezaeian, Mahmood Ghasemi, Mehnoosh Samadi
Food Science & Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of nutritional education based on the precede-proceed model on improving the growth indicators, knowledge, attitude, and food intake of malnourished children: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Fatemeh Maleki, Amir Bagheri, Shahab Rezaeian, Fatemeh Rajati, Mahmoud Ghasemi, Mehnoosh Samadi
Trials.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Nutrition Education at a Community Health Center on Overweight and Obese Middle-aged Women in Jeonbuk Area-Focused on Personalized Daily Energy Requirement and Food Exchange Units
Se-Yeon Kim, Sook-Bae Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(4): 307. CrossRef
Comparisons of Health Related Lifestyle and Dietary Behaviors according to Gender, Ethnicity and Residence Type of University Students in Yanbian, China
Kyung Hee Hong, Unju Hwa Oh
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2016; 29(4): 486. CrossRef
A Study on Weight Control Behaviour, Eating Habits and Health-related Life Habits According to Obesity Degree of University Students in Jeonbuk
Hye-Soon Chang
Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2016; 25(1): 73. CrossRef
Acculturation and changes in dietary behavior and anthropometric measures among Chinese international students in South Korea
Jounghee Lee, Ran-Ran Gao, Jung-Hee Kim
Nutrition Research and Practice.2015; 9(3): 304. CrossRef
Survey on Health-related Factors, Nutrition Knowledge and Food Habits of College Students in Wonju Area
Seung Lim Lee, Sun Hee Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(2): 96. CrossRef
A study on hypertension relevant nutritional knowledge and dietary practices in Chinese college students studying in South Korea
Zhe Sun, Wookyoun Cho
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(5): 441. CrossRef

1,167 View
1 Download
8 Crossref

[English]
Effect of Menu Calorie Labels on Menu Sales and Consumer's Recognition at a Korean Restaurant in a Hotel: Dongjun Lee, Jae Cheol Lee, Mi Hyun Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(5):505-514. Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.5.505

Abstract PDF

Effect of Menu Calorie Labels on Menu Sales and Consumer's Recognition at a Korean Restaurant in a Hotel The role of calorie information is to help consumers make healthier food choices. However, calorie information is generally unavailable in restaurants. Even in high-end hotel restaurants, which try to provide high quality foods and service, calorie labeling is not mandatory. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of calorie labeling on menu sales and consumer's recognition at a Korean restaurant in Kangwonland hotel. The calorie contents of 10 dishes sold in the restaurant were calculated using the food composition table. After making a new menu plate displaying calorie information, the new menu plate and old menu plate were provided every other week for 4 weeks. When we compared the sales between the periods of calorie labeled and calorie unlabeled, sales of 4 items among the 5 food items providing less than 1000 kcal, increased, however the 3 items among the menu providing more than 1000 kcal decreased. As the survey results of total 405 consumers (male n = 232, female n = 173) showed the new menu plate, 68.2% of subjects recognized calorie labeling on the menu plate. Among the subjects who recognized calorie labeling, 58.3% answered that calorie information affected their food choices. And most of them answered that they chose lower calorie foods based on the information provided. The results suggest that displaying calorie information on the menu plate at a Korean restaurant was effective in changing consumer's food choices.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Perception and importance for country-of-origin labeling at restaurants in college students in Jeju
Yeong-Mi Park, Yang-Sook Ko, Insuk Chai
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2018; 51(2): 177. CrossRef
Study on Importance-Performance Analysis Regarding Country-of-Origin Labeling for Restaurants
Ji-Yeon Nam, Wan-Soo Hong
Korean journal of food and cookery science.2015; 31(1): 53. CrossRef
How nutrition information frame affects parents’ perceptions of restaurants: The moderating role of information credibility
Kiwon Lee, Youngmi Lee, Sooyoun Kwon
International Journal of Hospitality Management.2015; 46: 112. CrossRef
Customer perception and expert assessment in restaurant food environment by region: Focused on restaurants in Suwon, Hwaseong city
Mi Hyun Oh, Jeong-sook Choe, Young Kim, Sang Eun Lee, Hee Young Paik, Mi Jin Jang
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2014; 47(6): 463. CrossRef
Energy Content Estimation by Collegians for Portion Standardized Foods Frequently Consumed in Korea
Jin Kim, Hee Jung Lee, Hyun Jung Lee, Sun Ha Lee, Jee-Young Yun, Mi-Kyeong Choi, Mi-Hyun Kim
Clinical Nutrition Research.2014; 3(1): 24. CrossRef

1,610 View
3 Download
5 Crossref

[English]
Food Habits and Dietary Behavior Related to Using Processed Food among Male College Students Residing in Dormitory and Self-boarding in Gangwon: Mi Hyun Kim, Hyun Kim, Woo Keun Lee, Soon Joo Kim, Jee Young Yeon; Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(4):372-385. Published online August 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.4.372

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to examine food habits and dietary behavior related to using processed food among male college students residing in dormitory and self-boarding in Gangwon. A total of 344 students (dormitory group: 227, self-boarding group: 117) were surveyed from May to June of 2012. The results are summarized as follows: self-boarding group had a significantly higher frequency of skipping breakfast and lunch and frequency of out meal compared with the dormitory group (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05 respectively). The self-boarding group had a significantly lower the score of 'eat vegetables and Kimchi at every meal' (p < 0.001) and 'eat a variety of food everyday' (p < 0.001) compared with the dormitory group. The self-boarding group had a significantly higher the preference for meat products (p < 0.05) and canned food (p < 0.01) for selecting processed food compared with the dormitory group. The consideration for selecting processed food was ranked by 'taste', 'price', 'expiration', 'appearance' and 'nutrition' in both dormitory and the self-boarding group. In the dormitory group, nutrition labels were identified certainly 2.6%, sometimes 12.8%, and rarely 17.2%. In the self-boarding group, nutrition labels were identified certainly 1.7%, sometimes 18.0%, and rarely 24.8%. The necessity of nutrition education was high in both dormitory group (51.6%) and the self-boarding group (62.4%). Therefore, development of an educational program and application of the information from nutrition labels for male college students, especially self-boarding students will be effective in improving dietary life in order to maintain healthy dietary habits.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Differences in Nutritional Status According to the Residence Types among University Students in Gwangju
Geum-Bi Ryu, Young-Ran Heo
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2024; 53(2): 207. CrossRef
Usage and Quality Satisfaction of Convenience Food at Convenience Stores according to the Eating Behavior of University Students in Southern Gyeonggi Province
Se-In Oh, Ok-Sun Kim
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2023; 33(6): 492. CrossRef
Sugar Intake and Perception of Sugar Reduction among University Students in Gwangju
Yeon-Ok Park
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2023; 52(11): 1170. CrossRef
Application and effectiveness of a nutrition education program based on the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans for undergraduates in Gyeongsangnam-do and Gyeonggi-do
Mijoo Choi, Hyein Jung, Nayoung Kim, Sangah Shin, Taejung Woo, Eunju Park
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(6): 730. CrossRef
Development of a campus-based intervention program to strengthen food literacy among university students: A qualitative formative study
Eunji Ko, Eunjin Jang, Jiwon Sim, Minjeong Jeong, Sohyun Park
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(6): 495. CrossRef
Effect of Type of Nutrition Labeling on the Healthfulness Evaluation and Purchase Intentions of Home Meal Replacements (HMR) in South Korea
Mee-Young Joe
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(5): 387. CrossRef
Actual Status of Mukbang Viewing and Food Habits of University Students in Wonju Area
Seung-Lim Lee, Sun Hee Lee
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2022; 33(4): 631. CrossRef
Association Between Health Literacy and Health Promoting Behavior (Eating Habits, Physical Activity, and Stress) of University Students
Yoon-Sun Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(2): 94. CrossRef
Analysis of Usage, Preference, and Satisfaction for Convenience Store Dessert among University Students in Chungbuk Area
Go Eun Lee, Hye-In Yang, Yun-Jung Bae
Journal of Biotechnology and Bioindustry.2021; 9: 63. CrossRef
The Effect of Frequent Use of Convenience Food from Convenience Stores on the Diet Quality of Women’s University Students: Using the Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adults
Sun Hee Lee, Seung-Lim Lee
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2021; 32(4): 581. CrossRef
Change of dietary habits and the use of home meal replacement and delivered foods due to COVID-19 among college students in Chungcheong province, Korea
Mi-Hyun Kim, Jee-Young Yeon
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(4): 383. CrossRef
Analysis of Dietary Behaviors, Food Consumption Frequency and Blood Clinical Indices by Residence Types of Female College Students in Seoul
Ru Zi Lee, Jung Hee Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(3): 183. CrossRef
Comparison of Dietary Behavior of Eating Alone in Single Households by Status of Workers and Age
Pil Kyoo Jo, Yu Jin Oh
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(5): 408. CrossRef
Analysis of the Difference in Nutrients Intake, Dietary Behaviors and Food Intake Frequency of Single- and Non Single-Person Households: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2014–2016
Na-Yeon Kang, Bok-Mi Jung
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(1): 1. CrossRef
Sleep Quality and Its Association with the Dietary Behavior and Lifestyle of University Students in Cheongju
Sewhan Jin, Munkyong Pae
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(5): 395. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Nutrition Status and Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence of the Members according to the Number of Household Members based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2014)
Jin-Young Lee, Soo-Kyong Choi, Jung-Sook Seo
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(3): 232. CrossRef
Nutritional Evaluation of Convenience Meals in Convenience Stores near the Universities
Go-Na Shin, Yu-Ri Kim, Mi-Hyun Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(5): 375. CrossRef
Studies on Dietary Habits and Residence Students’ Satisfaction with University Dormitory Foodservice in Jeollabuk-do Iksan Area
Kyung-Jin Min, Il-Sook Choi
Journal of The Korean Society of Food Culture.2016; 31(5): 442. CrossRef
Comparison of Dietary Habits and Learning Flow According to Alcohol Drinking Status Among Male University Students in Jeonbuk Province
Sol Yoon, Mi Sung Kiｍ, Cheong Min Sohn
Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2016; 25(3): 387. CrossRef
Relationship between thresholds and self-assessed preference for saltiness and sodium intake in young women
Eugene Shim, Yoon Jung Yang, Yoon Kyoun Yang
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016; 49(2): 88. CrossRef
Dietary Habits and Perception Toward Food Additives according to the Frequency of Consumption of Convenience Food at Convenience Stores among University Students in Cheongju
Munkyong Pae
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(2): 140. CrossRef
Lunch Eating Patterns and Dietary Habits of University Students according to Major Lunch Place
Hyunji Kim, Hongmie Lee
Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2016; 22(4): 261. CrossRef
Eating Habit and Stress Status according to Exercising Habits of Middle-Aged Adults in Chungnam
Se-Yune Kim, Yeon-Ja Seo, Mi-Hyun Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2016; 29(1): 43. CrossRef
Night Eating and Nutrient Intake Status according to Residence Type in University Students
Ye-Sook Jun, Mi-Kyeong Choi, Yun-Jung Bae
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2015; 44(2): 216. CrossRef
Preference and the Frequency of Processed Food Intake according to the Type of Residence of College Students in Korea
Su-Jin Kim, So Young Bu, Mi-Kyeong Choi
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(3): 188. CrossRef
Use and Awareness of Nutrition Labeling of Snacks based on One Serving Size among University Students in Chungbuk
Mi-Hyun Kim, Yeon Woo Lee, Hyewon Jung
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2015; 28(5): 858. CrossRef
Differences in Solo Eating Perceptions and Dietary Behaviors of University Students by Gender
Youngmee Lee, Yu Jin Oh, Wookyoun Cho, Pil Kyoo Jo
Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2015; 21(1): 57. CrossRef
Comparison of Processed Food Intake by Allowance Level in College Students in Chungnam
Yi-Yeong Kim, Su-Jin Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi
Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2015; 21(4): 280. CrossRef
A Study on Sodium-related Dietary Attitude and Behaviors According to Sodium-related Nutrition Knowledge of University Students
Mi-Hyun Kim, Jee-Young Yeon, Jong Wook Kim, Jae-Eon Byun, So-Young Bu, Mi-Kyeong Choi, Yun-Jung Bae
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(5): 327. CrossRef
Study on Sodium-related Dietary Attitude, Behaviors according to Practice of Dietary Guidelines of University Students
Yun-Jung Bae, Seung-Eun No, Jeong-Hwa Seo, Joo-Hee Son, Mi-Jin Lee, Da-Woon Jung
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2015; 28(3): 376. CrossRef
Energy Content Estimation by Collegians for Portion Standardized Foods Frequently Consumed in Korea
Jin Kim, Hee Jung Lee, Hyun Jung Lee, Sun Ha Lee, Jee-Young Yun, Mi-Kyeong Choi, Mi-Hyun Kim
Clinical Nutrition Research.2014; 3(1): 24. CrossRef
The Dietary and Late-night eating Behavior according to Residence Type of University Students in Daejeon
Huck Soon Joung, Nan Sook Koo
Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2014; 23(4): 721. CrossRef

1,359 View
10 Download
32 Crossref

[English]
Development of 'Children's Food Avatar' Application for Dietary Education: Joo Han Cho, Sook Bae Kim, Soon Kyung Kim, Mi Hyun Kim, Gap Soo Kim, Se Na Kim, So Young Kim, Jeong Weon Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(4):299-311. Published online August 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.4.299

Abstract PDF

An educational application (App) called 'Children's Food Avatar' was developed in this study by using a food DB of nutrition and functionality from Rural Development Administration (RDA) as a smart-learning mobile device for elementary school students. This App was designed for the development of children's desirable dietary habits through an on-line activity of food choices for a meal from food DB of RDA provided as Green Water Mill guide. A customized avatar system was introduced as an element of fun and interactive animation for children which provides nutritional evaluation of selected foods by changing its appearance, facial look, and speech balloon, and consequently providing chances of correcting their food choices for balanced diet. In addition, nutrition information menu was included in the App to help children understand various nutrients, their function and healthy dietary life. When the App was applied to 54 elementary school students for a week in November, 2012, significant increases in the levels of knowledge, attitude and behavior in their diet were observed compared with those of the control group (p < 0.05, 0.01). Both elementary students and teachers showed high levels of satisfaction ranging from 4.30 to 4.89 for the App, therefore, it could be widely used for the dietary education for elementary school students as a smart-learning device.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Qualitative Study on the Potential Utilization of a Mobile Phone for Obesity Management in Elementary-School Children : Parents Perspective
Bo Young Lee, Mi-Young Park, Kirang Kim, Jea Eun Shim, Ji-Yun Hwang
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(2): 117. CrossRef
Effects of Nutrition Education Using Dietary Guidebook in Higher Grade Elementary Students of Jeonbuk Area
Mi-Ran Park, Sook-Bae Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(1): 13. CrossRef
Development of Education Materials as a Card News Format for Nutrition Management of Pregnant and Lactating Women
Young-Hee Han, Jung Hyun Kim, Min Jun Lee, Taeksang Yoo, Taisun Hyun
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(3): 248. CrossRef
A study on Consumer's Needs for Development of Diet Guide Application for Pregnant Women
Sook-Bae Kim, Jeong-Weon Kim, Mi-Hyun Kim, Young-Sook Cho, Se-Na Kim, Hee-Sook Lim, Soon-Kyung Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(6): 588. CrossRef

1,001 View
1 Download
4 Crossref

[English]
Effects of Nutrition Education and Personalized Lunch Service Program for Elderly at Senior Welfare Center in Jeonju: Jeong Sook Bae, Mi Hyun Kim, Sook Bae Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(1):65-76. Published online February 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.1.65

Abstract PDF

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a nutrition education and personalized lunch service program in a senior welfare center. A total of 30 elderly (14 males, 16 females) aged 62~89 years participated in this study. Nutrition education lessons (2 hour/lesson/week) were provided for 4 weeks. Also, ten weeks from week 3rd to week 12th, personalized lunch providing 1/3 personal needed energy was served 5 times for a week. After the nutrition intervention program, we compared anthropometric characteristics, blood biochemical characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake using 24 hr recall with those before the intervention. The body weight (p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) were decreased. There were significant increases in score of nutrition knowledge (p < 0.01) and consumption of milk & milk products for snacks. There was a positive effect on fasting blood sugar (FBS) showing significant decreases in portion of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05). Also, serum triglyceride (TG) was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In evaluation of nutrient intake by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), riboflavin (p < 0.01), vitamin C (p < 0.001), calcium (p < 0.05) were positively improved. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) and intakes of vitamin C (p < 0.001), riboflavin (p < 0.05), Ca (p < 0.01) and Fe (p < 0.05) were increased. In conclusion, this nutrition education and lunch service program providing 1/3 personal needed energy can be used to develop and implement a tailored nutritional intervention programs in the setting of a community senior welfare center to improve health and nutritional status of Korean elderly.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A study on the diet and nutrition management status and educational needs in elderly care facilities in Korea: focus group interviews with staff from children’s and social welfare meal management support centers and elderly care facilities
Seo Young Choi, Hyun joo Ryou, Jieun Oh
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(4): 286. CrossRef
광주광역시 지역민의 영양교육 요구도 조사 분석
은평 양, 경윤 김, 승희 최, 금비 류, 옥경 김, 정미 윤
Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science.2023; 39(2): 100. CrossRef
Effects of nutrition and hygiene education program on healthy eating habits and behavior of the elderly in Chungbuk
Je-ok Yeon, Byung-chun Song, Kyung-Jin Yeum, Myoung-sook Kim, Mi-young Lee
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2022; 55(3): 390. CrossRef
Comparison of metabolic syndrome and related factors in married pre-menopausal white- and blue-collar woman
Seungmi Park, Chul-Gyu Kim, Youngji Kim
Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2022; 77(9): 744. CrossRef
The effects of a personalized nutrition intervention program on food security, health and nutritional status of low-income older adults in Seoul city
Yeyeon Lee, Narae Yang, Minjeong Shin, Kyung-Eun Lee, Chang Hee Yoo, Kirang Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(4): 416. CrossRef
Current Status of Sanitary and Nutritional Food Service in Elderly Day Care Center
Jeonghyeon Woo, Yoo Kyoung Park, Mi-Hyun Kim, Soo-Kyung Lee, Kyunghee Song, Hye-Kyeong Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(5): 374. CrossRef
Comparison of nutrient intakes by nutritional anemia and the association between nutritional anemia and chronic diseases in Korean elderly: Based on the 2013–2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
So Hyun Park, So Hee Han, Kyung Ja Chang
Nutrition Research and Practice.2019; 13(6): 543. CrossRef
Seniors centre‐based health intervention programmes in the United States and South Korea: A systematic review
Misoon Song, Kyoungsan Seo, Suyoung Choi, Jeongshil Choi, Hana Ko, Soo Jin Lee
International Journal of Nursing Practice.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Feasibility Study on the Dietary Improvement Program Development for Senior Citizens
Sung-Hee Kim, Boram Kim, Nami Joo
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(3): 218. CrossRef
A study on the Needs for Nutrition Management Program for Elderly Who use Welfare Facilities
Min-June Lee, Jung-Hyun Kim, Ok-Jin Park, Young-Mi Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(1): 65. CrossRef
Investigation of Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior for Analyzing Food Safety Risk Factors in the Elderly
Jung-Hwa Choi, Yoon-Jin Lee, Eun-Sil Lee, Hye-Sang Lee, Hye-Ja Chang, Kyung-Eun Lee, Na-Young Yi, Tong-Kyung Kwak
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2016; 45(5): 746. CrossRef
Effects of Nutrition Education Providing School Lunch by Personalized Daily Needed Food Exchange Units for Adolescent Athletes in Jeonbuk Province
Kang-Mo Ko, Sook-Bae Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(1): 25. CrossRef
Effects of an Intervention of Nutrition Education Program based on Social Cognitive Theory for the Elderly Visiting Public Health Center in Jinhae-Province
Eun Hee Seo
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2016; 29(3): 313. CrossRef
Changes in the Nutrition Status of Elderly Females in Health Promotion Programs of Health Centers in Chungbuk Province
Myoung-Sook Kim
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2015; 26(2): 225. CrossRef
Development of the evaluation tool for the food safety and nutrition management education projects targeting the middle class elderly: Application of the balanced score card and the structure-process-outcome concept
Hyeja Chang, Hyoi Yoo, Harim Chung, Hyesang Lee, Minjune Lee, Kyungeun Lee, Changhee Yoo, Junghwa Choi, Nayoung Lee, Tongkyung Kwak
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(6): 542. CrossRef

1,065 View
3 Download
15 Crossref

[English]
Status and Relationships among Lifestyle, Food Habits, and Stress Scores of Adults in Chungnam: Yeon Ja Seo, Mi Hyun Kim, Myung Hee Kim, Mi Kyeong Choi; Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(5):579-588. Published online October 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.5.579

Abstract PDF

This study was conducted to investigate the association among demographic characteristics, lifestyle, food habits, and stress status of 437 males and females aged over 25 years in Chungnam. Overall, the stress status of the subjects was high showing an average of 103 points out of 156 points based on the something scale. Results of the study revealed that marital status, exercise status, and health status had significant relationships with food habits and stress scores. The subjects who were married, had a higher frequency of exercise, and were healthier, had a significantly higher food habit score but a significantly lower stress score compared with their counterparts. Also, food habit scores had a significantly negative relationship with stress scores. Thus, this research showed possible links among healthy food habits, desirable lifestyle, and low stress status. In other words, people who experience a high level of stress may be more likely to have unhealthy food habits, resulting in a poor healthy conditions. These results show that appropriate food habits and adequate dietary management are deemed necessary for people with a high degree of stress. Further in-depth studies are needed to clarify a direct relationship between stress and food habits and to determine the proper diet that may help relieve stress.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Relationship between sweet food intake and stress among college students in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas
Jun-Gyeong Kim, Jounghee Lee, Kyunghee Song
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(4): 373. CrossRef
Association between stress and dietary habits, emotional eating behavior and insomnia of middle-aged men and women in Seoul and Gyeonggi
Onjeong Choi, Jiwon Kim, Yujin Lee, Youngmi Lee, Kyunghee Song
Nutrition Research and Practice.2021; 15(2): 225. CrossRef
Relationship between Dietary Habits, Life Stress and Nutrition Knowledge of High School Students in Gyeonggi Area
Kyung Ae Park, Hongmie Lee, Kyunghee Song
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(2): 126. CrossRef
Eating Habits of the University Students affected by Stress Levels in the Areas of Seoul and Gangwon Province
Jeongsill Lee
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2015; 28(5): 782. CrossRef
The Relationship between Stress, Social Support and Healthy Diet Score among Chinese University Students in Korea
Sunghee Lee, Zhen Feng, Youngmee Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(4): 273. CrossRef
Antioxidative Activity of Feral Haw (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE) Seed Extracts Using Various Solvents
Min-A Kim, Yishan Duan, Jong-Hwan Seong, Hun-Sik Chung, Han-Soo Kim
Korean journal of food and cookery science.2014; 30(1): 33. CrossRef
A comparative study on dietary behavior, nutritional knowledge and life stress between Korean and Chinese female high school students
Sohwan Son, Yoona Ro, Hwajin Hyun, Hongmie Lee, Kyunghee Song
Nutrition Research and Practice.2014; 8(2): 205. CrossRef
Antioxidative activities of various solvent extracts from haw (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge)
Yishan Duan, Min-A Kim, Jong-Hwan Seong, Hun-Sik Chung, Han-Soo Kim
Korean Journal of Food Preservation.2014; 21(2): 246. CrossRef
A comparative study on dietary behavior, nutritional knowledge and life stress between Korean and Chinese female high school students
Sohwan Son, Yoona Ro, Hwajin Hyun, Hongmie Lee, Kyunghee Song
Nutrition Research and Practice.2014; 8(2): 205. CrossRef

1,021 View
3 Download
9 Crossref

[English]
Evaluation of Dietary Zinc, Copper, Manganese and Selenium Intake in Female University Students: Yun Jung Bae, Mi Hyun Kim, Jee Young Yeon; Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(2):146-155. Published online April 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.2.146

Abstract PDF

This study aimed to measure and evaluate the intakes of four antioxidant trace elements, namely, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se in 19-29y-old female university students in Korea. Diet data were collected by 3-day dietary records in 644 subjects. The mean age, height, weight and body mass index of the subjects were 20.08 years, 161.77 cm, 54.26 kg and 20.82 kg/m2, respectively. The mean, median and 25th-75th percentile intakes of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se in the subjects were 12.83 mg (12.40 mg, 9.59 to 15.34), 1.30 mg (1.27 mg, 1.00 to 1.57), 3.19 mg (3.12 mg, 2.45 to 3.86), and 50.90 microg (50.17 microg, 37.59 to 64.35), respectively. The proportion of subjects whose Mn intake was adequate or less was 62.89%, and the proportions of subjects whose Zn, Cu and Se intakes were at the estimated average requirements or less were 10.09, 4.97, and 39.60%, respectively. The major food group for dietary intakes of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se was cereal, providing 8.55 mg (66.60%), 0.78 mg (59.93%), 2.09 mg (65.50%), and 16.83 microg (32.43%), respectively. Many female university students were deficient in Mn and Se compared with the dietary reference intakes. Therefore, except for cereal, it is required to consume a diet consisted of various food sources for increasing the intakes of antioxidant trace minerals, especially animal food groups.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Dietary zinc intake and sources among Koreans: findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2019
Jee-Seon Shim, Ki Nam Kim, Jung-Sug Lee, Mi Ock Yoon, Hyun Sook Lee
Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(2): 257. CrossRef
Assessment of selenium and zinc status in female collegiate athletes
Okhee Lee
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2018; 51(2): 121. CrossRef
Lower serum zinc levels are associated with unhealthy metabolic status in normal-weight adults: The 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
H.K. Yang, S.H. Lee, K. Han, B. Kang, S.Y. Lee, K.H. Yoon, H.S. Kwon, Y.M. Park
Diabetes & Metabolism.2015; 41(4): 282. CrossRef
Cytoprotective Effect of Zinc-Mediated Antioxidant Gene Expression on Cortisol-Induced Cytotoxicity
Mi Ja Chung, Sung Hyun Kim, In Min Hwang
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2015; 44(5): 649. CrossRef
Effects of Repetitive using Lime Bordeaux Mixture in the Copper Concentration of the Soil and Ginseng Root
Won-Kwon Jung, Deok-Jong Ahn, Jin-Kook Choi, Tae-Suk Ryu, Myeong-Hwan Jang, Tae-Ryong Kwon, Jun-Hong Park, Sang-Jo Park
The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science.2014; 18(4): 404. CrossRef
Dietary behavior and nutritional status among Chinese female college students residing in Korea
Gaowei, Soyeon Kim, Namsoo Chang, Ki Nam Kim
Korean Journal of Nutrition.2013; 46(2): 177. CrossRef

1,922 View
2 Download
6 Crossref

[English]
Health Status and Nutrient Intakes of 5th Grade Elementary Students in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province: Ok Hyun Kim, Hyun Ah Park, Young Gyu Cho, Kyoung Woo Kim, Yangim Hur, Ji Hyun Song, Jae Heon Kang; Korean J Community Nutr 2010;15(6):717-726. Published online December 31, 2010

Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to investigate health status and nutrient intakes among 5th grade elementary students at Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2010. This study was cross-sectional study on 1,384 children (687 boys, 697 girls) from nine elementary schools located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The average height, weight and BMI were 145 cm, 40.6 kg 19.2 kg/m2 for boys and 145.4 cm, 38.2 kg, 18.0 kg/m2 for girls. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 11.3%, 5.2%, respectively. Serum AST, ALT, glucose, HDL-Cholesterol and RBC levels were significantly higher, while TG levels was significantly lower for boys than for girls. The average energy intake was 1772.4 kcal, which was 98.7% of Estimated Energy Requirement (EER). The boys consumed more energy intake (1800.4 kcal) than the girls (1744.7 kcal). Also, they took insufficient calcium and folate (69.1% and 83.3% of Recommended Intake (RI)) and excess sodium (297.6% of Adequate Intake (AI)) and 85.1% of the subjects had breakfast everyday. In general, the proportion of the children who consumed fruits and vegetables at least once or more a day was low. There was a higher proportion of children in boys who had ramyun and milk with sufficient physical activity than those in girls. As a result of this study, we can find risk factors on obesity and metabolic disorders, and the results can be used for an evidence of nutrition education program and the intervention program.

320 View
0 Download

[English]
Establishment of One Portion Size of Foods Frequently Consumed by Korean Children Aged 6-11 Using 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Its Comparison with Adults: Mi Kyeong Choi, Hye Sang Lee, Sook Bae Kim, Se Na Kim, So Young Kim, Mi Hyun Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2010;15(5):625-635. Published online October 31, 2010

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to define a one portion size of food frequently consumed by Korean children aged 6-11 for convenient use in food selection, diet planning, nutritional evaluation, and nutrition education. We analyzed using the original data on 889 persons (9.96%) aged 6-11 years among 8,930 persons to whom NHANES 2005 and selected food items consumed by the intake frequency of 10 or higher among the 500 most frequently consumed food items. A total of 172 varieties of food items of regular use were selected. Also the portion size of food items was set on the basis of the median (50 percentile) of the portion size for a single intake by a single person was analyzed. The portion size of cereals was 5 g for prosomillet to 120 g for hamburger. As for vegetables, it posted 1 g for red pepper to 50 g for nabakkimchi. The portion size of meats and products was 15 g for luncheon meat to 120 g for beef feet soup. In comparison of children's portion size with adults', the children's portion sizes of every food groups, with the exception of meats and eggs, were lower than those of adults. The portion size of the regular food items of children in this study will be conveniently and effectively used by children, children's diet planners and researchers in selecting food items for a nutritionally balanced diet and in assessing the children's diet intake.

332 View
2 Download

[English]
Evaluation of Food and Nutrient Intake by Food Frequency Questionnaire between Normal and Risk Groups according to the Bone Mineral Density of Female College Students Residing in Gangwon Area: Hye Ryeon Jeong, Sunju Yun, Mi Hyun Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2010;15(4):429-444. Published online August 31, 2010

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between bone density and dietary intake for college women in their twenties. This study was performed on 160 female college students residing in Gangwon-do. It was conducted using ultrasound measurement of calcaneus bone density, anthropometric checkup and food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ) comprising 94 kinds of commonly consumed foods. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the T-score of bone density: a normal group (n = 113 persons, T-score > or = 1) and a risk group (n = 47, T-score < 1.0). The average age of the subjects was 20.17 years and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Body weight and body fat percentage of the normal group were significantly higher than those of the risk group. The mean daily energy intake of the normal group was significantly higher than that of the risk group. Also, protein, fat, vitamin A, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron and zinc intake for the normal group were significantly higher than for the risk group. For the intake of the commonly consumed foods (or dishes) listed in FFQ, the mean daily intake amount of loaf bread, rice cake, potatoes, spicy beef soup, cucumber, seasoned spinach perilla leaves, crown daisy, stir-fried mushroom, sea mustard, beef rib, ham, chicken, mackerel, common squid, drink type curd yogurt, oriental melon and chocolate in the normal group was significantly higher than in the risk group. While, the mean daily intake of ramyun (instant noodle) and carbonated beverage by the normal group was significantly lower than that of the risk group. In conclusion, 20 something female college students showed a higher rate (26.9%) of the bone mineral density risk group (osteopenia or osteoporosis). For the risk group, the levels of nutrient and food intake were lower than in the normal group. Therefore, the bone density risk group needs to increase their nutrient intake and diet quality by increasing the intake of various foods. In addition, they should decrease the intake of foods, which are negative for skeletal health such as instant noodles and carbonated beverages.

301 View
2 Download

[English]
A Survey on the Breakfast Skipping Rate of Korean Adults Relative to Their Lifestyle and Breakfast Skipping Reasons and Dietary Behavior of Breakfast Skippers: Sunju Yun, Hye Ryeon Jeong, Mi Hyun Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2010;15(2):191-205. Published online April 30, 2010

Abstract PDF: This study investigated the rates and reasons for breakfast skipping according to gender, age, and lifestyle related factors in Korean adults. The survey was conducted using questionnaires and the subjects included 1148 male and female adults aged 19-64. The rate of breakfast skipping (frequency of eating breakfast under 4 times/week) was 41.20% of the total subjects. The breakfast skipping rate of the male subjects was significantly higher than that of the female subjects (p < 0.001). As age and household income decreased, the breakfast skipping rate increased. Residents in small cities more frequently skipped breakfast than those in larger cities. The main reason for breakfast skipping was "lack of time for the preparation and consumption of food" and this reason was especially higher for office workers and younger adults among the participants. In addition, the proportion of habitual breakfast skippers increased with age. Among the answers regarding the person who prepares breakfast in their households, the highest proportion was for "family members" in the males and "myself" for the females. Of breakfast skippers, 77.63% answered that they consumed breakfast substitutes such as breads, dairy and fruits/vegetables. To summarize the results, the gender, age and lifestyle factors of adults were significantly related to the rates and reasons for breakfast skipping. Therefore, to reduce breakfast skipping in Korean adults, a differentiated nutritional education approach relative to gender, age, and lifestyle is needed along with the development of balanced breakfast substitutes.

567 View
12 Download

[English]
Evaluation of Diet Quality of Children and Adolescents Based on Nutrient and Food Group Intake and Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I): Mi Hyun Kim, Yun Jung Bae; Korean J Community Nutr 2010;15(1):1-14. Published online February 28, 2010

Abstract PDF: It is suggested that evaluation of diet quality may be a great indicator of nutritional assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diet quality of children and adolescents based on nutrient and food group intake and Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). This survey was conducted through questionnaires and diet record survey to 477 students (elementary school students; n = 131, middle school students; n = 136, and high school students; n = 210). The results showed that high school students were significantly more often to skip breakfast compared with the other groups. The middle and high school students consumed significantly higher intakes of food and energy compared to the elementary school students. Also the number of nutrients in Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) < 1.0 of high school students were significantly higher than that of elementary and middle school students. The Korean's dietary diversity score (KDDS) of elementary school, middle school and high school students were 4.1, 4.4 and 4.3 respectively. The average DQI-I of elementary school, middle school and high school students were 66.7, 65.5, and 63.7, respectively and there was significant difference. Also, middle school students showed to have higher score in variety and adequacy category compared with the other groups, and elementary school students appeared to have higher score in moderation category. In conclusion, high school students appeared to have unhealthy dietary habits in terms of high frequency of skipping breakfast and lower INQ and DQI-I score compared to the elementary school and middle school students. Therefore, the proper dietary management should be needed for high school students.

325 View
2 Download

Evaluation Studies

[English]
The Evaluation Study on Eating Behavior and Dietary Quality of Elderly People Residing in Samcheok According to Age Group: Mi Hyun Kim, Jae Cheol Lee, Yun Jung Bae; Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(5):495-508. Published online October 31, 2009

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the eating behaviors and dietary quality of various aged adults. This study conducted through questionnaire and dietary survey by 24-hr recall to 850 adults residing in Samcheok. Subjects were divided into four groups according to the age in male and female, which included 20~29 yrs group (male n = 94, female n = 66), 30~49 yrs group (male n = 201, female n = 216), 50~64 yrs group (male n = 88, female n = 96), and >or = 65 yrs group (n = 46, female n = 43). In male, 20~29 yrs group had a larger proportion of subjects who skipped breakfast, lunch and dinner compared to other groups (p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.01). The daily food and energy intakes in > or = 50 yrs group were significantly lower than those of < 50 yrs. Protein and fat intakes of 20~29 yrs group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. But ND (Nutrient Density) of minerals as like calcium, iron and plant iron in 20~29 yrs group were significantly lower than those of other groups. The KDDS (Korean's Dietary Diversity Score) of 20~29 yrs group, 30~49 yrs group, 50~64 yrs group and > or = 65 yrs group in male were 4.1, 3.8, 3.7 and 3.5 respectively and there was significant difference (p < 0.001). In female, skipping breakfast and dinner were significantly higher in 20~29 yrs group than in other groups (p<0.001, p<0.001). And the use of nutrient supplementation was higher in 30~49 yrs group than that of other groups (p<0.05). The daily energy intakes was higher in 20~49 yrs group than that of >or = 65 yrs group. The ND (Nutrient Density) of animal protein, vitamins A and B1 in 20~29 yrs group were significantly lower than those of other groups. The KDDS of 20~29 yrs group, 30~49 yrs group, 50~64 yrs group and > or = 65 yrs group in female were 4.0, 3.9, 3.9 and 3.6 respectively and >or = 65 yrs group was significant lower than other groups. According to these results, >or = 65 yrs and 20~29 yrs group had more dietary habit problems and poor nutrition status than 30~64 yrs group. The results of this study revealed that nutritional management and education for adequate meals should be emphasized in adults and elderly.

247 View
0 Download

Original Articles

[English]
Interview Survey of Elementary School Students'Nutrition Education and Practice: Yu Jin Oh, Young Mee Lee, Jung Hyun Kim, Hong Seok Ahn, Jeong Weon Kim, Hae Ryun Park, Jung Sook Seo, Kyung Won Kim, O Ran Kwon, Hye Kyoung Park, Eun Ju Lee, Huy Ni Sung; Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(4):499-509. Published online August 31, 2008

Abstract PDF: This study investigated the experience and practice of elementary school students on nutrition education. The data were collected from 217 male and female students attending 5-6th grade elementary schools in Seoul and Kyunggi-Do from March to June 2007, interviewing face to face by a nutrition teacher and 3 interns of a nutrition teacher. The results were as follows: 86.5% of the subjects learned about 'Table etiquette', 'Reasons for eating fruits and vegetables'(78.7%), 'Food waste and environment'(72.3%), 'Healthy snacks'(55.7%), 'Food sanitation'(52.3%), 'Food culture of foreign countries'(48.1%). Nutrition education experience was significantly different by gender. A total of 43.5% boys responded that they never learned about 'basic food preperation'(p < 0.01). They had learned 'Nutrients for body'and 'Food waste and environment'in school, 'Healthy weight loss', 'Food culture of foreign countries', 'Food circulation'on television, Most content ('Table etiquette', 'Simple cooking', 'Food sanitation', 'Eating behaviors for health', 'Reasons for eating fruits and vegetables', 'Healthy snacks') was learned from parents. The practice after nutrition education was higher in 'Table etiquette'(2.14), 'Eating fruits and vegetables'(2.07) than others compared with education experience. The most reason of non-practice on nutrition information was 'Troublesome'. In 'Nutrients for body', a boy answered 'Difficult for practice'20.0%, a girl answered 'Difficult to understand'32.6%, showing a significant difference between the gender groups (p < 0.001). They remembered the 'Nutrients for body'(49.6%), 'Food sanitation'(44.5%) because of 'important content', 'Basic food preparation'(40.6%), 'Food culture of foreign countries'(36.3%) because of 'interesting content', 'Healthy weight loss'(52.0%), 'Eating behavior for health'(44.5%) and 'Healthy snacks'(33.7%) because of 'need for my health'.

353 View
2 Download

[English]
The Comparative Study on Food Consumption Patterns, Dietary Behavior, and Nutrition Knowledge of Korean Professional Soccer Players and Non-athletic Males: Hye Kyeong Kim, Jong Sook Kwon, Chan Kim, Jun Ho Kim, Chul Hyun Kim, Kyung Min Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(2):164-175. Published online April 30, 2008

Abstract PDF: This study was performed to compare food consumption patterns, dietary behavior, and nutrition knowledge between Korean professional soccer players and the non-athletic males. Data were collected from 53 soccer players working for Korean professional soccer clubs and 44 non-athletic males, using self-administered questionnaires. There were significant differences in food consumption frequency between two groups. Meats and eggs, fishes and shellfishes, sea weeds were consumed more frequently by the soccer players. The frequency scores of foods rich in iron, calcium, and protein were also higher in the soccer players compared with the non-athletes. Meanwhile, the consumption of alcohol was more frequent in the non-athletes. As for the cooking method, the soccer players showed higher preference for steaming/parboiling and consumed raw vegetables and fruits more frequently than the non-athletic males (p < 0.05). The average scores of soccer players on nutrition knowledge for basic nutrition and athletic nutrition were lower than the respective values of the non-athletic males. However, the soccer players showed better eating behaviors and dietary habits compared with non-athletic males (p < 0.001). They had well-balanced, regular diet and good habits for chronic disease prevention. No significant relationship could be observed with respect to nutrition knowledge and nutritional behavior. Moreover, the experience of getting nutrition information did not affect either nutrition knowledge score or nutritional habits score, except that for habits of chronic disease prevention in non-athletes. Therefore, it is suggested that more effective and practical nutrition education program be needed for promoting healthy eating habits and improving nutritional status in young males.

351 View
5 Download

[English]
The Comparative Study on the Supplement Use Habits of Korean Professional Soccer Players and Non-Athletic Males: Hye Kyeong Kim, Kyungmin Kim, Chan Kim, Jun Ho Kim, hul Hyun Kim, Jong Sook Kwon; Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(6):854-863. Published online December 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: This study was performed to compare nutritional supplementation habits for Korean professional soccer players with those for the non-athletic male adults. Information about prevalence and kinds of supplements taken, information sources, nutrition knowledge were collected. Data were obtained from 53 football players working for Korean professional football clubs and 44 non-athletic males, who answered a list of questionnaires which had been prepared in advance. The prevalence of supplement use in the soccer player group (96%) was strikingly higher than in the nonathletic male group (34%). Vitamins were taken most frequently, followed by red ginseng, multivitamin, Chinese medicine and amino acids supplements in the soccer player group, with each player taking 2.96 kinds of supplements in average. Multivitamin was the most popular supplement in the non-athletic male group. The major reason for taking supplements was not to feel and recover from fatigue in both groups. It appeared that the non-athletic males started to use supplements mostly by recommendation of friends or colleagues. Meanwhile, soccer players took supplements on their needs, with half of them (50.1%) provided with nutrition information. The most important information source was coaches for soccer players group, and mass media for the non-athletic male group. The average scores of soccer players group on basic nutrition and athletic nutrition were lower than the respective values of the non-athletic males. Among the soccer players, 68% had taken more than 3 kinds of supplements during the last year; nonetheless, more than half could not perceive the effectiveness of the supplements. Our results show that supplementation practices were widespread in soccer players, and suggest that nutrition education for proper use of supplements and overall health care is needed for soccer players.

285 View
0 Download

[English]
Relation among Hair Mineral Contents, Nutrient Intakes and Clinical Symptoms of Male Middle School Students in Urban and Local Area: Mi Hyun Kim, Mi Kyeong Choi, Ye Sook Jun, Hye Kyung Cho, Chung Ja Sung; Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(2):133-141. Published online April 30, 2007

Abstract PDF: Minerals play important roles in biological processes. Hair mineral analysis has the advantages of conveniences in sampling and observing the profiles of multiple minerals simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to compare hair mineral contents between urban and local middle school students, and to find out the relation with nutrient intakes and clinical symptoms. Ten nutritional minerals and 7 environmental mineral contents were analyzed in the hair samples of 44 and 37 male students who resided in urban and local area, respectively. And their nutrient intake and clinical symptom score were estimated from questionnaire. The average age, height, and weight were 15.1 years, 168.4 cm, 56.8 kg in urban subjects and 15.4 years, 169.1 cm, 61.9 kg in local subjects, respectively. The residence types were apartment (63.6%) and small-sized apartment (22.7%) in urban subjects and apartment (51.4%) and house (37.8%) in local subjects. The primary water sources were purified water (38.3%), running water (18.2%) in urban subjects and purified water (32.4%), underground water (27.0%) in local subjects, respectively. Daily energy and nutrient intakes were not significantly different between two groups. Among the surveyed 17 clinical symptoms, the scores of constipation, cold, anxieties and total score of clinical symptoms in urban subjects were significantly lower than those in local subjects. Hair contents of Na, Mg, Ca, Cu, V, Al, As were significantly higher, while U was lower in urban subjects compared to those in rural subjects. Hair contents of Ni and U were significantly correlated with food intake, and Cr, V, Al, Sb, As, U showed a correlation with energy intake. Hair Mg level showed significantly negative correlation with total clinical symptom score. In conclusion, hair mineral profile between urban and local students was significantly different. And some of these minerals were significantly correlated with food and nutrient intakes. Especially hair magnesium was significantly correlated with total clinical symptom score. Therefore, hair mineral levels would be needed for more systematic study elucidating potentiality as a useful clinical tool.

298 View
0 Download

[English]
Comparison of Food Intakes and Serum Lipid Levels in Overweight and Obese Women by Body Mass Index: Ok Hyun Kim, Hana Jung, Jung Hee Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(1):40-49. Published online February 28, 2007

Abstract PDF: This study was done to investigate the health-related habits, dietary intakes and serum lipid levels in overweight and obese women by body mass index (BMI). Subjects were 137 pre-menopausal women aged 19 to 49 years. They were divided by 3 groups, overweight (23 < or = BMI < 25), obese (25 < or = BMI < 30) and morbidly obese (BMI > or = 30) according to their BMI. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. Dietary intakes were examined by 3-day record method and nutrient intakes were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional analysis program for professionals (CAN-pro 3.1). Serum lipid levels were measured using automatic biochemical analyzer (Selectra E). The average age, height, weight, and BMI of subjects were 31.7 years old, 159.3 cm, 69.4 kg, and 27.4 kg/m(2), respectively. Their average consumption of energy were 12 kcal and 86.4% of estimated energy requirement (EER). Their mean ratio of carbohydrate : protein : fat was 55.2 : 14.6 : 30.2. Particularly, the fat consumption of subjects tended to be elevated with increasing BMI. There was no significant difference in nutrient intakes among 3 groups. But the mean intakes of Ca, Fe, vitamin C and Na of all the subjects were 70.1%, 87.2%, 75.7% of recommended intake (RI) and 258.9% of adequate intake (AI), respectively. The intakes of vegetables and seaweeds were significantly higher in morbidly obese group while the intake of fruits was higher in overweight group compared to the other groups. Serum lipid analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol among the groups. But the serum HDL-cholesterol level of the overweight group was significantly higher than that of the other groups. LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio and AI index were significantly higher in the morbidly obese group compared to the other groups. In addition, The systolic blood pressure of morbidly obese group was significantly higher compared to the other groups. Overall data suggest that morbidly obese women have to more concern about reducing systolic blood pressure and serum lipid levels by decreasing their fat consumption and salt intakes as well as loosing body fat. In addition, all the subjects participated in this study have to be careful about their meals and health-related behaviors in order to prevent obesity-related chronic diseases.

268 View
0 Download

[English]
Food Intake and Clinical Blood Indices of Female College Students by Body Mass Index: Ok Hyun Kim, Jung Hee Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2006;11(3):307-316. Published online June 30, 2006

Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to investigate the relationships among body composition, dietary intake, and clinical blood indices in college students by body mass index (BMI). Their body compositions were determined by means of BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) method. Their dietary intake was determined using a 3-day record method and their hematological indices were determined by semi-automated microcell counter (Sysmex F-520). Their serum lipid levels were measured using biochemical analyzer (Spotchem). Subjects were classified as underweight, normal or overweight groups according to their BMI. The subjects were 69 healthy college students aged 20 to 26 years. The average age, height, weight, and BMI was 21.3 years, 162.6 cm, 54.4 kg, and 20.6 cm/m2, respectively. Their average consumption of energy was 1693 kcal, 84.7% of RDA and their mean ratio of carbohydrate: protein: fat were 54.5 : 16.4 : 29.0. There was no significant difference in nutrient intake among the groups except beta-carotene and vitamin C. The beta-carotene intake was significantly higher in the underweight group. Vitamin C intake was significantly higher in the overweight group. The mean intakes of Ca, Fe, Zn and folate of subjects were 74.8% to 83.2% of RDA. Especially, intakes of Ca, Fe, Zn and folate were lower in the abnormal weight groups. The overall mean values of the hematological indices in female college students were within the normal range and there was no significant difference among the groups. However, anemic subjects with hemoglobin (<12 g/dl) and hematocrit (<36 g/dl) accounted for about 11% of the subjects. The overall mean values of the serum lipid levels were within the normal range and there was no significant difference among the groups. But serum HDL-cholesterol level of the overweight group was lower than that of the other groups. LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio and AI index were significantly higher in the overweight group compared to the other groups. Based upon this study, it is necessary for college women to be educated regarding consuming more Ca, Fe, Zn, folate and less fat and cholesterol in order to have better health promotion.

297 View
0 Download

[English]
Relation among Dietary Habits, Nutrient Intakes and Bone Mineral Density in Korean Normal and Obese Elementary Students: Yun Jung Bae, Eun Yeong Kim, Hye Kyung Cho, Mi Hyun Kim, Mi Kyeong Choi, Mi Kyung Sung, Chung Ja Sung; Korean J Community Nutr 2006;11(1):14-24. Published online February 28, 2006

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between bone mineral density and nutrient intake among normal and obese elementary students. Each subject was assigned to one of such as normal (n = 69) and obese groups (n = 94) according to their obesity indices. And they were asked for general characteristics, dietary habits and nutrient intakes using questionnaires and 24-hr recall method. They measured the sound of speed (SOS) of calcaneus using quantitative ultrasound. The averages age of the subjects were 10.6 years in normal and 10.7 years in obese group. The averages weight (p < 0.001) and obesity index (p < 0.001) of the normal group were significantly lower than those of the obese group. In dietary habits, the obese group in boys was the higher skipped breakfast than normal group (p < 0.01). The plant calcium intake of obesity in girls was lower than those of normal group (p < 0.05). The SOS in the calcaneus was 1697.6 m/s in the obese group and 1763.7 m/s in the normal group (p < 0.01). The SOS in the calcaneus was negatively correlated to weight (p < 0.01), obesity index (p < 0.001) and percent of body fat (p < 0.01). Also the SOS in the calcaneus was positively correlated plant calcium intake (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the excessive increase of weight and percent of body fat in elementary students appeared to have negative impact to bone health. And based on these results, further studies on the effects on bone mineral density of obese and nutrient intakes in needed for proper bone health.

241 View
1 Download

[English]
Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on Lipid Profiles in Elderly Women: Jae Yeon Lim, Ok Hyun Kim, Jung Hee Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2006;11(1):133-142. Published online February 28, 2006

Abstract PDF: Antioxidant vitamin supplementation focuses one's attention on the prevention of age-related diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant status and lipid profiles and to look into the antioxidant vitamin supplementation that affects lipid metabolism in 20 elderly non-smoking Korean women (placebo group: n = 6, vitC suppl: n = 7, vitE suppl: n = 7). Age, height, weight, muscle, percent of fat and WHR were not significantly different among the groups, however % of fat was above 33% and WHR was above 0.9. And blood pressure of the placebo group was 131.7/81.7 (border line hypertension), that of vitamin C supplement was 141.4/87.1 (hypertension) and that of vitamin E supplement was 151.4/92.9 (hypertension). Although nutrient intakes of all groups were poor, antioxidant status (blood vitamins C, E, A, and beta-carotene) and lipid profile (TG, total-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) were normal. For nutritional intervention, the vitamin C supplement group received L-ascorbic acid 1,000 mg, and vitamin E supplement group received d-alpha-tocopherol 400IU for 4 weeks, showing the effects of vitamin E supplementation. Response total cholesterol of HDL-cholesterol (T-Chol/HDL) in vitamin E supplement group was significantly decreased from 4.3 to 3.2. And response LDL-cholesterol of HDL-cholesterol (LDL/HDL) in the vitamin E supplement group was also significantly decreased from 2.6 to 1.7. In addition, after the adjustment for plasma lipids (TG, total cholesterol), plasma vitamin A levels in vitamin E supplement group were significantly increased from 7.89 mg/g to 14.91 mg/g. And systolic blood pressure in vitamin E supplement group was significantly reduced. These results suggested that vitamin E supplementation affects the lipid profiles and blood pressure in elderly non-smoking women. So various nutrition programs must be implemented against age-related diseases and further studies are needed regarding sorts and amounts of antioxidant nutrients and supplementation periods.

274 View
1 Download

Evaluation Studies

[English]
A Evaluation Study on Nutrient Intake Status and Diet Quality of Middle and Old Aged Vegetarian Women in Korea: Mi Hyun Kim, Yun Jung Bae, Da Hong Lee, Hye Kyung Cho, Sun Hae Choi, Chung Ja Sung; Korean J Community Nutr 2005;10(6):869-879. Published online December 31, 2005

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to evaluate on nutrient intake status and diet quality of middle and old aged vegetarian women in Korea. The research group was composed of vegetarian women (n = 91), all of them were Seven Day Adventists, who had been on vegetarian diets, over 20 yrs. Their anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes, and diet quality indices were compared to omnivores (n = 122). The average age of vegetarians and omnivores were 61.8 yrs and 60.3 yrs, respectively. The mean daily energy intakes of vegetarians and omnivores were 1428.8 kcal and 1424.5 kcal, respectively and there was no significant difference. The vegetarians consumed significantly lower intakes of protein (p<0.05), zinc (p<0.001) and vitamin B2 (p<0.05) compared to omnivores. In the diet quality, zinc and vitamin B2 nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of vegetarians were significantly lower than those of omnivores. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of vegetarians and omnivores were 0.80 and 0.77, respectively and there was no significant difference. The KDDS (Korean's Dietary Diversity Score) of vegetarians and omnivores were 3.7 and 4.0, respectively, and there was significant difference (p<0.01). The KDQI (Korean's Diet Quality Index) of vegetarians (1.5) was significantly lower than that (2.1) of omnivores (p<0.001). In conclusion, vegetarian women have low intake status of protein, zinc and vitamin B2, and partly low diet quality. Therefore it was needed that well planed diets to replace the nutrients supplied from excluded food groups in middle and old aged vegetarian women.

256 View
1 Download

Clinical Trial

[English]
A Study on Relation among Habitual Isoflavone Intake, Blood Pressure, and Serum Lipid Parameters in Korean Men and Women over 20 Years Old: Mi Kyeong Choi, Mi Hyun Kim, Chung Ja Sung, Won Young Lee, Jung Duck Park; Korean J Community Nutr 2005;10(4):493-500. Published online August 31, 2005

Abstract PDF: There is some evidence that soy isoflavone has beneficial effects on the concentration of blood lipids. In this study, we investigated habitual isoflavone intake levels and the relation among dietary isoflavone intake, blood pressure, and blood lipids of adult men (n = 149) and women (n = 205). Anthropometric measurements including blood pressure, dietary intake assessment using 24-hour recall method, and biochemical assessment using blood were conducted. The average age, height, weight, and BMI were 54.7 years, 168.5 cm, 67.3 kg, and 24.5 kg/m2 for men and 53.9 years, 153.8 cm, 59.2 kg, and 25.0 kg/m2 for women, respectively. The mean daily intakes of total food and energy were 1219.1 g and 1740.9 kcal for men and 1071.3 g and 1432.6 kcal for women, respectively. The mean daily isoflavones (daidzein + genistein) intake of men and women were 20.0 mg and 14.2 mg, respectively. Blood pressure of the subjects was 128.3/75.5 mmHg for men and 124.1/73.7 mmHg for women. Serum lipids of men and women were 180.2 and 184.9 mg/dL for total cholesterol, 160.8 and 137.6 mg/dL for triglyceride, 41.5 and 44.7 mg/dL for HDL-cholesterol, 106.6 and 112.7 mg/dL for LDL-cholesterol, and 3.5 and 3.3 for atherogenic index, respectively. Serum triglyceride and atherogenic index of men were significantly higher than those of women. In men, isoflavone intake and the level of total serum cholesterol were negatively (p < 0.05) correlated, after adjusted age. In women, there were significant correlations between isoflavone intake and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), after adjusted age (p < 0.05). Based on these results, we concluded that higher isoflavone intake seemed to be related to a better lipid profile in men and lower blood pressure in women. But more epidemiological studies and controlled clinical trials would help to confirm the optimal amount required for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

276 View
0 Download

First
Prev
Page of 2
Next
Last

Search