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[English]
Regional differences in protein intake and protein sources of Korean older adults and their association with metabolic syndrome using the 2016–2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys: a cross-sectional study
You-Sin Lee, Yoonna Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2024;29(3):173-188.   Published online June 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2024.29.3.173
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
The study aim was to analyze the regional differences in dietary protein intake and protein sources of Korean older adults and their association with metabolic syndrome.
Methods
Study participants were 1,721 older adults aged 65 and over who participated in 2016–2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using 24-hour recall dietary intake data, protein intake and their food sources were examined. The association between protein intake and metabolic syndrome, obesity, and abdominal obesity were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.
Results
Total protein and animal protein intakes were higher in urban area (60.0 g, 24.4 g, respectively) than in rural area (54.6 g, 19.6 g, respectively). With increase of protein intake level, animal to total protein proportion was increased in both areas. Total protein and plant protein intake was negatively associated with the risk of obesity, abdominal obesity in both areas. Animal protein intake was negatively associated with the risk of obesity in both areas, and with abdominal obesity only in urban area. In urban area, plant protein intake was also negatively associated with the risks of metabolic syndrome, elevated triglyceride, and reduced high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In urban area, the risk of metabolic syndrome was decreased when their protein intake was more than 0.91 g/kg and was lowest when their protein intake was more than 1.5 g/kg (P for trend < 0.001).
Conclusions
Korean older adults showed inadequate protein intake and those in rural area showed lower animal protein intake than in urban area. The risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome was decreased with the increase of protein intake level. These findings may help develop effective nutrition support strategy for older adults to reduce regional health disparity.
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[Korean]
Association of ultra-processed food with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in elderly populations (urban and rural): a cross-sectional study
Seung Jae Lee, Mi Sook Cho
Korean J Community Nutr 2024;29(1):51-64.   Published online February 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2024.29.1.51
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study examined the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and chronic diseases in elderly Koreans.
Methods
Data from the 2019–2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Dietary intake and UPF consumption were assessed using the NOVA food classification based on 24-hour recall data from 3,790 participants (aged 65+ years). Participants were divided into 4 groups based on the quartile of energy intake from UPFs. Regions were classified as urban or rural. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after controlling for potential confounders.
Results
Among the participants, 71.3% resided in urban and 28.7% in rural areas. Compared to the urban elderly, rural participants tended to be older, have lower education and income levels, be more likely to live in single-person households, and have a higher smoking rate (P < 0.05). Urban elderly consumed more UPFs daily (146.1 g) compared to rural residents (126.6 g; P < 0.05). “Sugar-sweetened beverages” were the most consumed category in both regions. “Sweetened milk and its products” and “traditional sauces” were prominent in urban areas, while rural elderly consumed more “traditional sauces” and “distilled alcoholic beverages.” Rural areas also had a higher carbohydrate-to-calorie ratio than urban areas. Compared to the lowest quartile of UPF intake, the highest quartile was significantly associated with impaired fasting glucose only in rural areas (AOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.00–2.19; P for trend = 0.0014). No significant associations were observed for diabetes in either urban or rural areas.
Conclusions
This study suggests that high intake of UPFs is associated with increased odds of impaired fasting glucose in rural elderly. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific negative health effects of UPFs in different populations, and targeted efforts should promote healthy diets in both urban and rural areas.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Ultra-Processed Foods and Cardiometabolic Health: A Review of Current Evidence
    Nazlıcan Erdoğan Gövez, Eda Köksal
    Current Nutrition Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Study of the Chemosensory Properties of Commercial Processed Foods Using Electronic Sensors
    Hyeonjin Park, Younglan Ban, Sojeong Yoon, Hyangyeon Jeong, Seong Jun Hong, Hee Sung Moon, Se Young Yu, Hyun-Wook Kim, Kyeong Soo Kim, Eun Ju Jeong, Eui-Cheol Shin
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2024; 53(8): 805.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Flavor and Taste Patterns of Various Processed Animal Foods: Using the Electronic Tongue and Nose
    Hee Sung Moon, Se Young Yu, Younglan Ban, Hyeonjin Park, Sojeong Yoon, Na Eun Yang, Seong Jun Hong, Hyun-Wook Kim, Kyeong Soo Kim, Eun Ju Jeong, Eui-Cheol Shin
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2024; 53(12): 1267.     CrossRef
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  • 3 Crossref
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[Korean]
Effectiveness of NQ-E index-based individual nutrition counseling for community-care elderly: an intervention study on improving nutritional status, complex chronic diseases, and quality of life
Yoonjeong Choi, Jihyun Lee, Heesook Lim, Yoo Kyoung Park
Korean J Community Nutr 2023;28(6):480-494.   Published online December 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2023.28.6.480
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study sought to assess the effectiveness of community-based nutrition counseling on improving nutritional status, managing complex chronic diseases, and enhancing the quality of life for elderly individuals with chronic conditions, particularly in older adults with high levels of food insecurity and multiple chronic illnesses.
Methods
Thirty elderly subjects with diabetes and hypertension who were registered at local Senior Welfare Center received individualized nutrition counseling, based on their Nutrition Quotient for the Elderly (NQ-E) index. Over a 16-week period, they received tailored counseling and underwent various health and nutritional assessments. The final analysis included 28 participants after two dropped out. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS v28.0.
Results
The subjects were over 70, with multiple chronic diseases including diabetes and hypertension and predominantly female. After 16 weeks, significant improvements were observed in the subjects’ grip strength, and HbA1c levels, as well as in their NQ-E scores, indicating improved dietary balance and diversity. There were no significant improvements in the ‘Moderation’ subdomain of the NQ-E index, suggesting that this aspect requires further attention in nutritional counseling. The subjects' nutritional risk scores (NSI) were also significantly decreased, indicating less nutritional risk. Lastly, as measured by the SF-36K, the subjects’ quality of life showed significant improvement in several domains including physical role performance and social function.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that tailored nutrition counseling, based on the NQ-E index, can improve elderly health, manage chronic diseases, and enhance quality of life. This approach potentially broadens the scope of community nutritionists' roles within an aging society. However, additional research is necessary to evaluate these interventions' long-term effects and sustainability.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Health-related Quality of Life in Multimorbid Adults: A Random Forest Cross-sectional Analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Moonchang You, Geun-Myun Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2025; 34(3): 349.     CrossRef
  • A study on the development of nutrition counseling manual and curriculum for the disabled in Korea: a mixed-methods study
    Kyoung-Min Lee, Woo-jeong Kim, So-young Kim, Young-mi Park, Hwa-young Yoon, Min-Sun Jeon
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(5): 376.     CrossRef
  • A Basic Study to Establish a Nutrition Education System for Welfare Facilities for the Elderly at Home Using Body Composition Analysis and Nutritional Management Cards
    Sun Hee Lee, Seung-Lim Lee
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2024; 35(3): 471.     CrossRef
  • 1,455 View
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  • 3 Crossref
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[Korean]
Changes in nutritional status of Korean older adults during COVID-19 Pandemic by household income and demographic factors -using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2019-2020): a cross-sectional study
You-Sin Lee, Yoonna Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2023;28(4):302-316.   Published online August 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2023.28.4.302
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
The study aim was to identify changes in the nutritional status of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic according to household income and demographic characteristics.
Methods
Study participants were 2,408 adults aged 65 and over who participated in the 2019–2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). To examine changes in nutrient intake levels resulting from COVID-19, data of 2019 and of 2020 were compared. Study participants were divided into three groups based on household income level to compare these changes. The changes were compared according to household income level, age group, and household type.
Results
Percentages of recommended intakes for energy, protein, and most micronutrients were the lowest for the low-income group of both males and females in 2020. The Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) score was the lowest for the low-income group in both years. When comparing nutrient density for 2019 and 2020 by income group, the male low-income group experienced a decrease in nutrient densities of vitamin A, thiamine, calcium, and iron. For the same group, a decreased percentage for energy intake from protein was noted. Fruit intake was lowest in the low-income group for both males and females. Low-income males had the lowest intake levels for meat, fish, eggs, and legumes in both 2019 and 2020 and the lowest milk and milk product intake levels in 2020. Older adults living alone or single older adults with children had lower MAR scores than those living with a spouse. Older adults living alone experienced decreases in energy and thiamine and iron intake levels in 2020 compared to their intake levels in 2019.
Conclusions
Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, nutrition intake levels worsened for older adult males in the low-income group and older adults living alone. This finding shows the need for a more systematic nutritional support strategy for the vulnerable older adults population in national disaster situations.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • How Did the Dietary Behavior of Older Korean Adults Change During the COVID-19 Pandemic?
    Yong-Seok Kwon, Dasol Kim, Hee-Sook Lim
    Nutrients.2025; 17(12): 1973.     CrossRef
  • Development of Protein Enhanced Diet for Socially Vulnerable Elderly
    Jihye Hong, Hyung-Geun Jeon, Seulgi Kim, Gitae Park
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2024; 34(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of nutrient intake and Korean Healthy Eating Index among the elderly in rural areas pre- and post- COVID-19 pandemic: the 2018–2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data
    Sangyeon Kim, Hye-Sook Hong, Hae-Jeung Lee
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(5): 496.     CrossRef
  • 2,113 View
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  • 3 Crossref
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[Korean]
Comparison of the Nutrient Intake and Health Status of Elderly Koreans According to their BMI Status: Focus on the Underweight Elderly Population
You-Sin Lee, Yoonna Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2022;27(5):422-434.   Published online October 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2022.27.5.422
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
With an increase in the population of the elderly in Korea, their nutritional status has become a cause for concern. This study was designed to compare the nutritional intake and health status of the Korean elderly according to their body mass index.
Methods
The subjects were 3,274 elderly people aged 65 and above who had participated in the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into four groups: underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, based on their BMI. The general characteristics, daily energy, and nutrient intakes, nutrient intakes compared to the recommended nutrient intake, percentage of participants whose nutrient intake was lower than the estimated average requirement (EAR), index of nutrient quality, the mean adequacy ratio (MAR), intakes by food group, and health status of the four groups were compared.
Results
Underweight elderly people showed lower energy, lipids, dietary fiber, vitamin C, riboflavin, niacin, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium intake and MAR score (P < 0.001) compared to the normal or obese elderly. The mean protein, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, phosphorus, and iron intake of the underweight elderly was lower than the EAR (P < 0.05). Underweight elderly people also had a lower intake of vegetables and fats, oil and sweets food groups than the other groups (P < 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes and dyslipidemia was higher in the obese group, but the percentage of anemia was higher in the underweight group.
Conclusions
Underweight elderly people were vulnerable to undernutrition and were at a higher risk of anemia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Exploring the Association Between Older Adults’ Body Mass Index and Their Fall Experience, Chronic Diseases, and Exercise Frequency: Evidence from Korea
    Daekeun Kwon, Su-Yeon Roh, Jeonga Kwon
    Medicina.2025; 61(9): 1622.     CrossRef
  • Effect of physical activity on free fatty acids, insulin resistance, and blood pressure in obese older women
    Woo-Hyeon Son, Min-Seong Ha, Tae-Jin Park
    Physical Activity and Nutrition.2024; 28(2): 1.     CrossRef
  • Determinants of Length of Stay for Medical Inpatients Using Survival Analysis
    Jaekyeong Kim, Haegak Chang, Seiyoung Ryu, Ilyoung Choi, Angela Eunyoung Kwon, Haeyong Ji
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2024; 21(11): 1424.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship of Pork Meat Consumption with Nutrient Intakes, Diet Quality, and Biomarkers of Health Status in Korean Older Adults
    Ah-Jin Jung, Anshul Sharma, Mei Chung, Taylor Wallace, Hae-Jeung Lee
    Nutrients.2024; 16(23): 4188.     CrossRef
  • 2,836 View
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  • 4 Crossref
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[Korean]
Blood Biochemical Characteristics, Dietary Intake, and Risk Factors Related to Poor HbA1c Control in Elderly Korean Diabetes Patients: Comparison between the 4 th (2007-2009) and the 7 th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
Sung-Won Oh, Sook-Bae Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2022;27(5):406-421.   Published online October 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2022.27.5.406
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood biochemical characteristics, comorbidities, dietary intake, and other risk factors leading to poor glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control in elderly Korean diabetes patients over 65 years of age.
Methods
Data from the 4 th (2007-2009) and the 7 th 2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) were used. Socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, region, household income, education level, marital status, nutrition education, diabetes duration and diabetes treatment), lifestyle characteristics (drinking, smoking, regular walking, and subjective health perception), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, and waist circumference), blood biochemical characteristics (HbA1c, high- density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and blood creatinine), co-morbidities (obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and anemia), energy and nutrients intake, food group intake, and HbA1c control-related risk factors were compared.
Results
Compared to the 4 th survey, the 7 th survey showed an increase in diabetes prevalence among men, an increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the older patients, and an increase in the duration of diabetes. The energy ratio from carbohydrate consumption in the 7 th survey was lower than in the 4 th .Compared to the 4 th survey, thiamine and riboflavin intake had improved, and the intakes of vitamin A, vitamin C, and niacin had worsened in the 7 th . A comparison of food group intakes showed that there was a decrease in the consumption of whole grains, potatoes, and milk and an increase in the intake of beverages and alcoholic beverages. The risk factors for poor control of HbA1c were the duration of diabetes and co-morbid hypertriglyceridemia in the 4 th survey, whereas subjective health perception, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia as co-morbidities were found to be risk factors in the 7 th in addition to the risk factors highlighted in the 4 th survey.
Conclusions
For the future management of elderly Korean diabetes patients, greater care is indicated for men over 75 years, and those with low levels of education. It is necessary to increase the intake of milk and vegetables, and reduce the intake of beverages and alcoholic beverages. In addition, it is necessary to reduce the incidence of obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia for proper control of blood sugar.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors Influencing the Dietary Behavior of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study
    Sohyun Jin, Youngshin Song
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(1): 80.     CrossRef
  • Association of ultra-processed food with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in elderly populations (urban and rural): a cross-sectional study
    Seung Jae Lee, Mi Sook Cho
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • Consistency of 1-day and 3-day average dietary intake and the relationship of dietary intake with blood glucose, hbA1c, BMI, and lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes
    DaeEun Lee, Haejung Lee, Sangeun Lee, MinJin Lee, Ah Reum Khang
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2023; 25(1): 20.     CrossRef
  • 1,664 View
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[Korean]
Association between Sarcopenia and Energy and Protein Intakes in Community-dwelling Elderly
Woori Na, Dayoung Oh, Seohyeon Hwang, Bonghee Chung, Cheongmin Sohn
Korean J Community Nutr 2022;27(4):286-295.   Published online August 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2022.27.4.286
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Sarcopenia is one of the most representative factors of senescence, and nutritional status is known to affect sarcopenia. This study was performed to analyze the relationships between energy and protein intake and sarcopenia.
Methods
The study subjects were 3,236 individuals aged ≥ 65 that participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008 ~ 2011. General characteristics and anthropometric and 24-hour dietary recall data were analyzed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using a formula based on appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and body weight. Logistic regression was performed to determine relationships between sarcopenia risk and energy and protein intakes.
Results
For energy intake, the odds ratio (OR) of sarcopenia in women was significantly higher those with the lowest intake [OR = 1.680, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.213-2.326] than those with the highest intake (P for trend = 0.001). Regarding protein intake per kg of body weight, the odds ratio of sarcopenia was significantly higher for those that consumed < 0.8 g/kg of protein daily than those that consumed > 1.2g/kg for men (OR = 2.459, 95% CI = 1.481-4.085) and women (OR = 2.178, 95% CI = 1.423-3.334).
Conclusions
This study shows a link between sarcopenia and energy and protein intake levels and suggests that energy and protein consumption be promoted among older adults to prevent sarcopenia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association Between Protein Intake and Sarcopenia-Related Indicators Among Korean Older Adults: A Scoping Review
    Minjee Han, Kyung-sook Woo, Kirang Kim
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2025; 14(3): 216.     CrossRef
  • Nutritional Approaches in Sarcopenia Management
    Min-Yu Chung
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2025; 54(7): 565.     CrossRef
  • Design of contents for developing an intervention app for sarcopenia in older adults: A research study using the Delphi technique
    Hee Jung Kim, Ju Young Ha
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(4): 370.     CrossRef
  • Association of Protein Intake with Sarcopenia and Related Indicators Among Korean Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Minjee Han, Kyungsook Woo, Kirang Kim
    Nutrients.2024; 16(24): 4350.     CrossRef
  • Muscle Mass Changes After Daily Consumption of Protein Mix Supplemented With Vitamin D in Adults Over 50 Years of Age: Subgroup Analysis According to the Serum 25(OH)D Levels of a Randomized Controlled Trial
    Yeji Kang, Namhee Kim, Yunhwan Lee, Xiangxue An, Yoon-Sok Chung, Yoo Kyoung Park
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2023; 12(3): 184.     CrossRef
  • 2,036 View
  • 63 Download
  • 5 Crossref
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[Korean]
Nutritional Status according to the Frailty Status of the Elderly at Home in Seo-gu, Gwangju, Korea
Ye Eun Kim, Young-Ran Heo
Korean J Community Nutr 2021;26(5):382-395.   Published online October 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.5.382
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study examined the nutritional status according to frailty status in the elderly at home. Methods: The participants were a total of 76 elderly at home living in Seo-gu, Gwangju, Korea. The nutritional status and frailty status were analyzed using the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E) and the Korean version of the Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses and Loss of weight Scale (K-FRAIL), respectively. Results: The distribution of frailty status was robust (17.1%), pre-frailty (38.2%) and frailty (44.7%), and its distribution was significantly different in genders, age groups and the number of medications. The mean NQ-E score was 47.0 for total subjects, indicating a low grade. The scores of balance, diversity and dietary behavior factors were within the low grade, while the score of the moderation factor was within the medium-high grade. According to the frailty status, pre-frailty and frailty showed significantly higher scores for sugar-added beverages intake in the moderation constructs than robust. Robust showed significantly higher scores for the exercise hours and perception level for one’s health than pre-frailty and frailty. Conclusions: These results suggest that nutrition status is associated with frailty status. Regular nutrition education and visiting nutrition service should be established to improve the balance and diversity of food intake and improve the dietary behavior of the elderly at home.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Dietary Status among Mild Dementia Elderly Using the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E) in Daegu
    Hyun-Kyoung Bang, Mi-Ok Kim
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2023; 33(4): 343.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of dietary quality using elderly nutrition quotient depending on the consumption of healthy functional foods
    Jieun Lee, Hyo-Jeong Hwang, Hye-Young Kim, Jung-Sug Lee
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(5): 483.     CrossRef
  • 1,090 View
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  • 2 Crossref
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[Korean]
Association of Dietary Quality with Subjective Health-Related Perception and Chronic Diseases According to Age Segmentation of Korean Elderly
Sojeong Lee, Seungmin Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2021;26(5):363-381.   Published online October 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.5.363
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study examined the Korean elderly’s dietary intake status, subjective health-related perception and chronic disease prevalence among age groups. Associations of dietary quality with subjective health-related perception and chronic diseases were also examined.
Methods
Based on data from the 7th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a total of 3,231 elderly were selected and categorized into 4 age groups of ‘65 ~ 69’, ‘70 ~ 74’, ‘75 ~ 79’ and ‘over 80’. Nutrient intakes, proportions of those with insufficient nutrient intakes, Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI), some subjective health-related perceptions and prevalence of major chronic diseases were compared according to the age groups. Differences in the subjective health-related perceptions and odds ratios of the chronic diseases according to the quartile levels of KHEI within the same age group were analyzed.
Results
With the increase of age, several nutrient intakes (P < 0.001) and KHEI scores significantly decreased (P < 0.01). In women, activity restriction increased (P < 0.05), and EQ-5D score decreased with age (P < 0.001). Prevalence of hypertension (P < 0.0001), hypercholesterolemia (P < 0.05) and anemia (P < 0.01) significantly increased, while hypertriglyceridemia (P < 0.01) significantly decreased only in men. Obesity prevalence decreased, while underweight prevalence increased (P < 0.05). Subjective health status, EQ-5D score and PHQ-9 score significantly improved as KHEI score increased in certain age groups of women (P< 0.05). Odds ratio of hypercholesterolemia significantly increased with the increase of KHEI score in 65 ~ 69-year-old women. However, hypertension and anemia significantly decreased with the increase of KHEI score in 75 ~ 79-year-old women (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The study findings suggest that nutrition management and policy for the Korean elderly need to apply a segmented age standard that can better reflect their dynamic characteristics.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors associated with malnutrition in demented and non-demented elderly residing in the community of Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study
    Jinhee Kwon, Jung Hee Kim, Hyeonjin Jeong, Jung Suk Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(5): 359.     CrossRef
  • Association between Healthy Eating Index and Mental Health in Middle-Aged Adults Based on Household Size in Korea
    Ji-Myung Kim, EunJung Lee
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(8): 4692.     CrossRef
  • Blood Biochemical Characteristics, Dietary Intake, and Risk Factors Related to Poor HbA1c Control in Elderly Korean Diabetes Patients: Comparison between the 4th(2007-2009) and the 7th(2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
    Sung-Won Oh, Sook-Bae Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(5): 406.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the Nutrient Intake and Health Status of Elderly Koreans According to their BMI Status: Focus on the Underweight Elderly Population
    You-Sin Lee, Yoonna Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(5): 422.     CrossRef
  • 1,306 View
  • 19 Download
  • 4 Crossref
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Research Note
[Korean]
Development of 3D Printed Snack-dish for the Elderly with Dementia
Ji-Yeon Lee, Cheol-Ho Kim, Kug-Weon Kim, Kyong-Ae Lee, Kwangoh Koh, Hee-Seon Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2021;26(5):327-336.   Published online October 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.5.327
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study was conducted to create a 3D printable snack dish model for the elderly with low food or fluid intake along with barriers towards eating. Methods: The decision was made by the hybrid-brainstorming method for creating the 3D model. Experts were assigned based on their professional areas such as clinical nutrition, food hygiene and chemical safety for the creation process. After serial feedback processes, the grape shape was suggested as the final model. After various concept sketching and making clay models, 3D-printing technology was applied to produce a prototype. Results: 3D design modeling process was conducted by SolidWorks program. After considering Dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) and other survey data, appropriate supplementary water serving volume was decided as 285 mL which meets 30% of Adequate intake. To consider printing output conditions, this model has six grapes in one bunch with a safety lid. The FDM printer and PLA filaments were used for food hygiene and safety. To stimulate cognitive functions and interests of eating, numbers one to six was engraved on the lid of the final 3D model. Conclusions: The newly-developed 3D model was designed to increase intakes of nutrients and water in the elderly with dementia during snack time. Since dementia patients often forget to eat, engraving numbers on the grapes was conducted to stimulate cognitive function related to the swallowing and chewing process. We suggest that investigations on the types of foods or fluids are needed in the developed 3D model snack dish for future studies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • 3D Printing Technology : Food Tech Analysis
    Yuri Kim, Hyun-Jung Yun, Bum-Keun Kim, Hee-Don Choi, Yun-Sang Choi
    Resources Science Research.2022; 4(1): 1.     CrossRef
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Research Articles
[Korean]
Analysis of Awareness, Knowledge, and Behavior about Food Hygiene·Safety Among the elderly
Mi Sook Lee, Sim-Yeol Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2021;26(3):200-210.   Published online June 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.3.200
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study was conducted to investigate the awareness, knowledge, and behavior about food hygiene·safety among the elderly, and to provide basic data on this for their healthy dietary life.
Methods
The study was conducted through a survey using a self-administered questionnaire on 473 elderly people over 60 years old living in Seoul and Gyeonggido. The questionnaire was designed to examine general characteristics, meal preparation status, the relation between awareness, knowledge, food hygiene behavior, and safety.
Results
Among the particpants, 44.2% of the total people surveyed were elderly married couples, and 14.0% were single-person households. For men, most of the meals were prepared by the spouse (74.1%), and among women, 93.8% prepared their meals themselves (P < 0.001). 61.3% of the total subjects answered that they were very interested in food hygiene and safety. Men (32.4%) thought it was more difficult to collect food hygiene·safety information compared to women (14.0%, P < 0.001). The knowledge score about food hygiene·safety was 0.60 (P < 0.05) and the behavior score was 3.70 (P < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between knowledge and behavior according to food hygiene·safety was 0.371 (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
The food hygiene·safety behavior of the elderly was associated with knowledge (P < 0.001). Therefore, food hygiene·safety education is necessary to ensure information availability and promote the health of the elderly.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Understanding the Impact of Food Safety Knowledge on Food Label Checking Behavior : The Mediating Role of Interest in Food Safety
    DongYoung Kim, HeeSun Park, Sunny Ham
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2025; 35(3): 171.     CrossRef
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[English]
Health and Nutrition Status of Elderly People with Multimorbidity: A Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013~2015)
Na-Gyeong Oh, Jung-Sook Seo
Korean J Community Nutr 2020;25(6):502-511.   Published online December 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.6.502
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study investigated the health and nutritional status of the elderly according to the number of chronic diseases, using data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013~2015. Methods: Data from a total of 2,310 individuals, aged 65 years and over, were used for the analysis. The elders were divided into 0 (n=375), 1 (n=673), 2 (n=637) and 3 or more (n=625) groups, by considering the number of chronic diseases. Results: Compared to other groups, the elderly subjects who were living with their spouse had the highest ratio in group 0 (P < 0.05), whereas subjects without economic activities had highest ratio in 3 or more group (P < 0.05). The EQ-5D index of subjects in the 0 group (0.90 ± 0.01) was higher than that in the 3 or more group (0.86 ± 0.01) (P< 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, the energy intake of subjects was determined to be lowest in the 3 or more group (P < 0.05). Protein (P < 0.05) and riboflavin (P < 0.05) intakes of the 3 or more group were also lower than other groups. Conclusions: This study indicates that multimorbidity of the elderly is associated with their health and nutritional status. The nutrients intake of the elderly, especially energy, protein and riboflavin, tended to be lowest in the 3 or more group. Further research is required to elucidate the risk factors related to presence of multimorbidity in the elderly.

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  • Biochemical characteristics, nutrient intakes, and chronic disease risk according to the dietary fat energy ratio in middle-aged Korean: a cross-sectional study using data from the 7th (2016–2018) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Ga-Hyeon Jeong, Sook-Bae Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(6): 528.     CrossRef
  • Breastfeeding Duration Is Associated with the Risk of Tooth Loss, Chewing Difficulty, and Undernutrition among Older Korean Women: Results of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013–2015
    Ye Rang Jo, Yoo Kyoung Park, Hee-Sook Lim
    Nutrients.2023; 15(24): 5024.     CrossRef
  • Nutritional Status according to the Frailty Status of the Elderly at Home in Seo-gu, Gwangju, Korea
    Ye Eun Kim, Young-Ran Heo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(5): 382.     CrossRef
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[English]
Current Status of Sanitary and Nutritional Food Service in Elderly Day Care Center
Jeong hyeon Woo, Yoo Kyoung Park, Mi-Hyun Kim, Soo-Kyung Lee, Kyung hee Song, Hye-Kyeong Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2020;25(5):374-385.   Published online October 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.5.374
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study was conducted to examine the status of foodservice management, with special interest on sanitary and nutritional food service in elderly day care centers. Methods A total of 79 employees who managed foodservice facilities in elderly day care centers were included in the survey. The contents of the questionnaire consisted of general characteristics, importance and performance of sanitary and nutrition management, the reasons for poor performance, factors necessary for improvement, and the employee's demand for support. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS v25.0. Results Sanitary management showed an average importance score of 4.84 ± 0.40 and a performance score of 4.70 ± 0.61 (t-value: 8.260). The item with the lowest performance score was personal sanitary management (4.58 ± 0.71). In nutrition management, the average importance score was 4.52 ± 0.68, and the performance score was 4.20 ± 1.00 (t-value: 9.609). There were significant differences between the average score of importance and performance in both areas. As a result of an Importance-Performance Analysis, items that were recognized as important but had relatively low performance was “personal hygiene”, “ventilation” and “food storage”. Also in the nutritional management area, “menu planning for disease management” and “checking the saltiness in the soup” etc. had very low performance with low importance recognition. The items shown in the “low priority” quadrant were those that required professional management skills. In the areas that demanded support in foodservice management, education about sanitary and safe institutional food service had the highest score (4.42 ± 0.74), and all other items showed a demand of 4 points or more. Conclusions Foodservice managers recognize the importance of foodservice facility management but performance is relatively low. Institutional support is, therefore, needed to improve performance. For items with low importance, it seems necessary to improve awareness of the necessity of these items and to provide education in this regard. To gradually improve foodservice management, continuous provision of education and training in these areas are of great importance.

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  • Importance-performance analysis of hygiene and nutrition management in social welfare meal service facilities in selected regions of Jeollanam-do
    Do Hee Kim, Hee Kyong Ro
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2025; 58(4): 421.     CrossRef
  • A study on the diet and nutrition management status and educational needs in elderly care facilities in Korea: focus group interviews with staff from children’s and social welfare meal management support centers and elderly care facilities
    Seo Young Choi, Hyun joo Ryou, Jieun Oh
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(4): 286.     CrossRef
  • Development of Protein Enhanced Diet for Socially Vulnerable Elderly
    Jihye Hong, Hyung-Geun Jeon, Seulgi Kim, Gitae Park
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2024; 34(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • Snack Provision Practice in Long-Term Care Hospitals and Facilities in Korea
    Dayeong Yeo, Hae Jin Kang, Hyejin Ahn, Yoo Kyoung Park
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2024; 13(2): 108.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with malnutrition in demented and non-demented elderly residing in the community of Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study
    Jinhee Kwon, Jung Hee Kim, Hyeonjin Jeong, Jung Suk Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(5): 359.     CrossRef
  • Sanitation Management Performance According to the Characteristics of Coffee Franchise Shops and Sanitation Knowledge According to the Characteristics of Employees
    Suk-Kyoung Gu, Sunyoon Jung, Inyong Kim, Yoonhwa Jeong
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2021; 50(11): 1248.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Awareness, Knowledge, and Behavior about Food Hygiene·Safety Among the elderly
    Mi Sook Lee, Sim-Yeol Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(3): 200.     CrossRef
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[English]
Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Vitamins and Minerals According to Consumption of Dietary Supplements in Korean Adults and the Elderly: Report Based on 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data
Ji-Myung Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2020;25(4):329-339.   Published online August 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.4.329
AbstractAbstract PDF

Objective
This study was undertaken to evaluate the intake of vitamins and minerals from dietary supplements (DSs) in Korean adults and elderly.
Methods
Data for this study was generated from the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We analyzed 4,204 individuals aged 19 years and older (2,579 users and 1,625 non-users). The survey included 24-h recall questions on food and DS intakes, as well as questions on DS use over the past year. The nutrient DSs evaluated were calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C. Total nutrient intakes were obtained by combining nutrient intakes of foods and DSs consumed by each subject.
Results
Most micronutrient intakes from food (except for thiamin) in adult users, and the four micronutrient intakes (iron, vitamin A, vitamin B2 and vitamin C) in elderly users, were significantly higher than values obtained in non-users. For total intake of nutrients and DSs, both adult and elderly users had a significantly higher intake than non-users. While proportions below Estimated Average Requirements for all micronutrients by adding respective DSs in users were significantly reduced in adults and elderly as compared to non-users, the proportions of above Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for calcium and vitamin A in adults, and vitamin A in elderly, were significantly increased. In the total subjects examined, consumption of DSs was associated with lower odds ratios of undernutrition of micronutrients, and with higher odds ratios of overnutrition of calcium, iron, and vitamin A, as compared to non-users of DSs.
Conclusions
Although DSs consumption by adults and the elderly improves the micronutrient status, it also increases the risk of excessive intake of certain vitamins and minerals.

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  • Relationship between self-care and health-related behaviors among Korean adults: a cross-sectional study
    EunJung Lee, Jin A Jang, Ji-Myung Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(2): 103.     CrossRef
  • Folate intake in Korean adults: analysis of the 2016–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with newly established folate database
    Eun-Ji Park, Inhwa Han, Kyoung Hye Yu, Sun Yung Ly
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(4): 418.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Dietary Supplements on Vitamin and Mineral Intake Among Koreans: Data From the 2018-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Moon Yeong Hwang, Jiyoun Hong
    Food Supplements and Biomaterials for Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Estimated dietary vitamin D intake and major vitamin D food sources of Koreans: based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2019
    Ki Nam Kim, Jung-Sug Lee, Jee-Seon Shim, Mi Ock Yoon, Hyun Sook Lee
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(3): 451.     CrossRef
  • A Study on the Dietary Behavior of Korean Adults: Focus on Dietary Supplement Intake, Household Size, and COVID-19
    Jinkyung Choi
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(6): 468.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
[English]
Comparison Analysis of Dietary Behavior and Nutrient Intakes of the Elderly according to Their Family Status: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2016
Ji Hong Oh, Bok Mi Jung
Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(4):309-320.   Published online August 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.4.309
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was undertaken to compare dietary life of the elderly living alone and in a family, and to compare differences based on gender, for the 2013-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
METHODS
The subjects included 2,612 elderly people aged over 65 years who participated in the health survey, health examination and nutrition survey. Subjects on a diet therapy were excluded. This study analyzed the general characteristics, dietary habits, daily energy and nutrient intakes, CPF ratio, estimated average requirement (EAR), nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR), index of nutrient quality (INQ), and food consumption of the elderly living alone and in a family. We also compared the differences based on gender.
RESULTS
Daily intake of food, water, dietary fiber, potassium, retinol, and riboflavin were low in the male elderly subjects living alone. The elderly living with family revealed higher NAR and MAR as compared to the elderly living alone. Although all MAR values were <1, the elderly living alone had lower values. Considering the intake of food, the consumption of seaweed, fish and shellfish, and oils (animal) was higher in elderly men living with families, whereas women living with families consumed more vegetables, fruits, seaweeds and seafood, as compared to their counterparts living alone. Furthermore, analyzing the foods consumed by the elderly people living alone, female subjects consumed more seaweed, milk and animal oil as compared to male subjects.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study indicate that the elderly living alone have poor nutrient intake as compared to the elderly living with families. Based on this research data, we recommend that it is necessary to improve the health and nutritional status of the elderly living alone.

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  • Food insecurity and its associated characteristics of the elderly in Seoul: analysis of the data from the Seoul Food Survey 2023
    Hyunjeong Park, Youngmin Nam, Linxi Huang, Youngmi Lee, Jihyun Yoon
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2025; 19(1): 117.     CrossRef
  • Profiling the socioeconomic characteristics, dietary intake, and health status of Korean older adults for nutrition plan customization: a comparison of principal component, factor, and cluster analyses
    Kyungsook Woo, Kirang Kim
    Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024043.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation on the Nutrition Quotient Scores of Elderly People Living Alone in Korea
    Gyoungok Gang, Min Lee, Eun-hui Choi, Hye-Lim Lee, Hyun-Young Lee, Hye-Ja Chang, Jung-Hwa Choi, Na-Young Yi, Kyung-Eun Lee, Min-Jae Chung, Tong-Kyung Kwak
    Nutrients.2023; 15(17): 3750.     CrossRef
  • Changes in nutritional status of Korean older adults during COVID-19 Pandemic by household income and demographic factors-using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2019-2020): a cross-sectional study
    You-Sin Lee, Yoonna Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(4): 302.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the Nutrient Intake and Health Status of Elderly Koreans According to their BMI Status: Focus on the Underweight Elderly Population
    You-Sin Lee, Yoonna Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(5): 422.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the health and nutritional status of Korean elderly considering the household income level, using the 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Jin Mo Khil
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • Social participation, health‐related behavior, and depression of older adults living alone in Korea
    Seojin Won, Hyemee Kim
    Asian Social Work and Policy Review.2020; 14(1): 61.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the dietary quality and nutritional status of elderly people using the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E) in Seoul
    Sun-Wook Ham, Kyung-Hee Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(1): 68.     CrossRef
  • Health and Nutrition Status of Elderly People with Multimorbidity: A Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013~2015)
    Na-Gyeong Oh, Jung-Sook Seo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(6): 502.     CrossRef
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[English]
Operation and Process Evaluation of a Community Meal Program for the Elderly in Rural Areas during Agricultural Off-Season Perceived by Cooking Volunteers
Jeong Sook Bae, Sol Bee Seong, So Mang Jang, Chang Hee Yoo, Young Suk Lim, Young Mi Lee, Hae Ryun Park, Kyung Eun Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(4):277-289.   Published online August 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.4.277
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study examined the practices of a community meal program for older adults in rural areas during the agricultural off-season.
METHODS
A survey was conducted from December 12 to December 22, 2016. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 150 cooking volunteers, who had participated in the community meal program in 50 villages. A total of 114 responses were returned from 44 villages and used for data analysis. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with the volunteers of eight villages.
RESULTS
Most of the cooking volunteers were 50 years old or older and they participated in serving older adults meals for good will. The cooking volunteers perceived that the older adults in their community did not eat various foods, had difficulties in grocery shopping, and frequently consumed salty foods. During the agricultural off-season, 40.9% of villages served the older adults meals 6–7 days a week and 95.5% provided meals for lunch. An average of 21 to 40 older adults were served meals in each village. The cooking volunteers reported that the food preparation and meal service times were sufficient, recipes provided were useful, and menus met the preference of the older adults. At the end of the program, they felt proud of serving meals for older adults in the community. An increased awareness of healthy eating, interest in health, and consumption of nutritious meals, a decrease in loneliness among older adults, and the promotion of fellowship in the community were rated highly. The cooking volunteers expected additional support for cooking personnel and insisted that the program should be provided for the entire agricultural off-seasons.
CONCLUSIONS
The community meal program during the agricultural off-season for the elderly in rural areas was effective in improving the dietary life of older adults, relieving their feelings of isolation, and promoting fellowship of the community. The volunteers felt workload due to a shortage of volunteers but answered that they were rewarded by helping older adults in their community.

Citations

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  • An Interactive Live and Online Cooking Program for Children in Vulnerable Families—An Exploratory Study
    Jiyoung Park, Sein Hwang, Seolhyang Baek, Gill A. Ten Hoor
    Healthcare.2022; 10(12): 2389.     CrossRef
  • Disparities in dietary quantity and quality between the two different types of Korean family of older adults living with spouses and living alone: using data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Yu Rim Choi, Hae Ryun Park, Kyung Hee Song, Youngmi Lee, Young Suk Lim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2020; 14(3): 242.     CrossRef
  • Patient-centered counseling program using health coaching to promote self-care among elderly hypertension patients in the rural area of South Korea
    HeyJean Lee, Jung Min Kim, Ji Young Moon
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2020; 37(2): 99.     CrossRef
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[English]
Nutritional Risk of the Elderly Receiving a Home-Delivered Meal Service Program and the Factors for Nutritional Risk
Na Young Yi, Jung Hwa Choi
Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(3):197-207.   Published online June 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.3.197
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study examined the characteristics and nutritional risk of the elderly who receive home delivery services. We then analyzed the effects of the characteristics of the elderly who receive the home-delivery meal service on their nutritional risk.
METHODS
A total of 220 respondents who receive home-delivery meal service in Seoul participated in the survey. The survey consisted of the characteristics of the elderly (health status, tooth condition, physical activity, social participation activity, depression and relationship with neighbors), nutritional risk assessment and other general matters. The data was analyzed by using the SPSS program. Cross-tabulation analysis, t-test, correlation analysis and regression analysis were all conducted.
RESULTS
47.0% of the subjects were under 80 years old and 53.0% were over 80 years old, The nutritional risk score, as evaluated by a Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) checklist was 10.7 points, and the high nutrition risk group was 91.5% of the subjects. The subjective self-health status score was 2.24 points (out of a total of 5 points) and the tooth status score was 3.30 points. The physical activity level was 2.17 points for the under 80 years old group and 1.76 points for the over 80 years old, and there was a significant difference according to age (p<0.01), The higher the health status, tooth condition, physical activity and social participation activity level, the lower was the nutritional risk. Further, the higher the degree of depression, the higher was the nutritional risk.
CONCLUSIONS
For the healthy life of the elderly in the community, various welfare policies should be planned to increase social participation as well as to promote physical health and reduce depression.

Citations

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  • Health Outcome Comparison Based on Dietary Inflammatory Levels among Sample of Korean Elderly
    Seul-Ki Koo, Hee-Sook Lim
    Healthcare.2024; 12(10): 1003.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with malnutrition in demented and non-demented elderly residing in the community of Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study
    Jinhee Kwon, Jung Hee Kim, Hyeonjin Jeong, Jung Suk Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(5): 359.     CrossRef
  • 광주광역시 서구지역 경로식당 이용 노인의 식품안정성에 따른 식생활 실태연구
    지수 백, 영란 허
    Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science.2023; 39(5): 402.     CrossRef
  • Nutritional Status according to the Frailty Status of the Elderly at Home in Seo-gu, Gwangju, Korea
    Ye Eun Kim, Young-Ran Heo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(5): 382.     CrossRef
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[English]
Analysis of the Participation Reasons and Deterrents on Welfare Facility Dietitians for the Elderly
Su Jin Kim, Min A Lee, Wookyoun Cho, Youngmee Lee, Jiyoung Choi, Eunju Park
Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(2):127-136.   Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.2.127
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study analyzed the education participation reasons and deterrents of dietitians who work in welfare facilities for the elderly.
METHODS
The survey was completed by 144 dietitians working at welfare facilities for the elderly in Korea. The survey was conducted in October, 2018, both on-line and off-line, based on the demographic characteristics, work status on welfare facilities for the elderly, Participation Reasons Scale (PRS) and Deterrents to Participation Scale (DPS-G). The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regressive analysis using SPSS ver. 25.0.
RESULTS
The reason for participation were divided into three factors: ‘Responsibility of professional and self-development (5.76 ± 1.04)’, ‘Job stability and personal benefits (4.98 ± 1.28)’, and ‘Interaction and development of professional competencies (5.85 ± 1.00)’. ‘Interaction and development of professional competencies’ was the highest motivation factor. Also, the deterrents for participation were divided into four factors: ‘Dispositional barrier (2.70 ± 1.29)’, ‘Dissatisfaction of education usability (3.39 ± 1.38)’, ‘Institutional barrier (4.21 ± 1.45)’, and ‘Situational barrier (2.36 ± 1.30)’. ‘Institutional barrier’ showed the highest deterrents factor. In addition, ‘Responsibility of professional and self-development’ and ‘Interaction and development of professional competencies’ were negative attributes for ‘Dispositional barrier’ (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
These results provide basic data to promote participation in education and contribute to the improvement of their job ability and education capacity of the food and nutrition management of welfare facilities for the elderly
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[English]
Accuracy of 24-hour Diet Recalls for Estimating Energy Intake in Elderly Men using the Doubly Labeled Water Method
Ji Hye Jeon, Na Young Go, Mo Ran Lee, Didace Ndahimana, Eun Kyung Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(6):516-524.   Published online December 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.6.516
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study assessed the accuracy of the 24-hour diet recall method for estimating the energy intake of elderly men using the doubly labeled water as a reference method.
METHODS
Seventeen subjects (mean age 72.5 ± 3.9 years), who maintained the same body weight during the two weeks study period, were included in this study. Three 24-hour diet recalls (two weekdays and one weekend) were obtained over a 14 day period to estimate the mean energy intake. The total energy expenditure was measured over the same 14 days using the doubly labeled water method. The total energy intake and total energy expenditure were compared by paired t-test.
RESULTS
The total energy intake from the 24-hour diet recalls method was 2536.7 ± 350.6 kcal/day, and the total energy expenditure from the doubly labeled water method was 2659.8 ± 306.8 kcal/day. The total energy intake was slightly under-reported by −123.2 ± 260.8 kcal/day (−4.4%). On the other hand, no significant difference was observed between the total energy intake and total energy expenditure of the subjects (p=0.069). The percentage of accurate predictions was 64.7%. The correlation between the total energy intake and total energy expenditure was statistically significant (r=0.697, p < 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS
The present study supports the use of the 24-hour diet recall method to estimate the mean energy intake in elderly men group. More studies are needed to assess the validity of 24-hour diet recall method in other population groups, including elderly women, adults and children.

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  • Dietary Fibre Intake in Older Adults Is Inversely Associated With Serum Remnant Cholesterol Level: A Nationwide Population‐Based Study
    Hye Jun Lee, Woo‐young Shin, Jung‐Ha Kim
    Nutrition Bulletin.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Accuracy of 24-Hour Dietary Recalls among Free-Living Older Korean Adults: Validation against Weighed Intakes
    Jieun Mun, Suyoung Kim, Kanghee Kim, Chaeyeon Nam, Sein Kim, Clara Y Park
    The Journal of Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Health Outcome Comparison Based on Dietary Inflammatory Levels among Sample of Korean Elderly
    Seul-Ki Koo, Hee-Sook Lim
    Healthcare.2024; 12(10): 1003.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Menopausal Syndrome Relief and Anti-Obesity Efficacy of the Korean Fermented Food Doenjang: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial
    A Lum Han, Myeong Seon Ryu, Hee-Jong Yang, Do-Youn Jeong, Keum Ha Choi
    Nutrients.2024; 16(8): 1194.     CrossRef
  • Validation of a physical activity classification table in Korean adults and elderly using a doubly labeled water method
    Hye-Ji Han, Ha-Yeon Jun, Jonghoon Park, Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata, Eun-Kyung Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(4): 391.     CrossRef
  • Validity of Interviewer-Administered 24-h Dietary Recalls in Older Korean Women: A Pilot Study
    Seunghee Kim, Clara Y. Park
    Nutrients.2023; 15(7): 1757.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of total energy intakes estimated by 24-hour diet recall with total energy expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method in adults
    Eun-Kyung Kim, Justice Otoo Fenyi, Jae-Hee Kim, Myung-Hee Kim, Seo-Eun Yean, Kye-Wol Park, Kyungwon Oh, Sungha Yoon, Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata, Jonghoon Park, Jung-Hyun Kim, Jin-Sook Yoon
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2022; 16(5): 646.     CrossRef
  • A short education session increases the accuracy of estimated food records in young Korean women during a controlled-feeding study
    Seunghee Kim, Bora Lee, Clara Yongjoo Park
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2021; 15(5): 613.     CrossRef
  • Accuracy of the 24-hour diet recall method to determine energy intake in elderly women compared with the doubly labeled water method
    Kye-Wol Park, Na-Young Go, Ji-Hye Jeon, Didace Ndahimana, Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata, Jonghoon Park, Eun-Kyung Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(5): 476.     CrossRef
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[English]
Effect of Active Nutrition Care on Underweight Elderly Patients Receiving Long-term Enteral Tube Feeding
Hwa Young Yoon, Hye Kyeong Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(1):48-59.   Published online February 28, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.1.48
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to investigate the effect of active nutrition care on feeding and nutritional status of elderly patients receiving long-term enteral tube feeding.
METHODS
Subjects included 77 elderly patients who had received enteral nutrition more than one week before admission. Nutrition care was provided to patients supplied less calories than required. Feeding intolerance was examined and managed every day and formula was adjusted to meet nutritional requirement during the first 3 months after admission. Patients were classified into under or over 80% of percent ideal body weight (PIBW) and medical records were used to compare changes in weight,, biochemical indices, and nutritional status during the study.
RESULTS
Weight, BMI, triglyceride and total cholesterol in blood, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were significantly lower in patients under 80% of the PIBW than in those over 80% of the PIBW at admission. The percentage of supply to required calories was also lower in patients under 80% of the PIBW. After 1 month of nutritional care, supplied volume of formula was significantly increased in patients under 80% of the PIBW. Weight, BMI, and PIBW were increased and there were no differences between groups after 6 months. In addition, the concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol in blood, hemoglobin, and hematocrit tended to increase in patients under 80% of the PIBW, leading to no difference between groups after 3 months.
CONCLUSIONS
Personalized active nutrition care is effective to increase weight and improve feeding and nutritional status in underweight elderly patients receiving longterm enteral nutrition.

Citations

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  • The Status of Enteral Nutrition Formula Use by Dietitians in Hospitals Within Busan and Gyeongnam Area
    Haejin Kang, Minji Woo, Eunju Park, Yoo Kyoung Park
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2022; 11(1): 9.     CrossRef
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[English]
Diet and Health Status of Elderly Women According to the Family Type
Mi Kyeong Choi, Myung Hwa Kang, Mi Hyun Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(3):256-264.   Published online June 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.3.256
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the diet and health status of elderly women according to the family type.
METHODS
A total of 307 elderly women participated in this study were divided into one of three groups according to their family type: residing with spouse (RSP; n=88), residing with son or daughter (RSD; n=119), and residing alone (RAL; n=100). Chi-square test was used to assess dietary habits and health status of the subjects by the family types.
RESULTS
Results demonstrated significant associations between eating regular meals, person preparing meals, coffee intake, and bone fracture experience and family type. Among the three groups, the RSP and RAL groups had a higher percentage for preparing meals by themselves (p<0.001) than the RSD group. The RAL group had a lower percentage for eating regular meals (p<0.01) but a higher percentage for bone fracture experience (p<0.05) than the other groups. There were no significant differences in monthly allowance, self-estimated health status, physical activity, exercise, drinking, and dietary habits such as frequency of consumption of dairy, beans, eggs, fish, meat, fruits, and vegetables among the three groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that elderly women residing alone without a son, daughter, or spouse had more diet-related and health problems such as irregular meals and high bone fracture experience. These findings suggested that elderly women residing alone need more attention and support.

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  • Mental Health and Handgrip Strength Among Older Adults: A Nationwide Study
    Yeunhee Kwak, Yoonjung Kim
    INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Health and nutrition intake status of the Korean elderly according to their food security level: data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII), 2016–2018
    Ahreum Maeng, Jeehyun Lee, Eunju Yoon
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(2): 179.     CrossRef
  • Sex-Associated Differences in the Handgrip Strength of Elderly Individuals
    Yeunhee Kwak, Yoonjung Kim, Haekyung Chung
    Western Journal of Nursing Research.2020; 42(4): 262.     CrossRef
  • Social participation, health‐related behavior, and depression of older adults living alone in Korea
    Seojin Won, Hyemee Kim
    Asian Social Work and Policy Review.2020; 14(1): 61.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the Nutrition Status and Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence of the Members according to the Number of Household Members based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2014)
    Jin-Young Lee, Soo-Kyong Choi, Jung-Sook Seo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(3): 232.     CrossRef
  • Quality of life and subjective health status according to handgrip strength in the elderly: a cross-sectional study
    Yeunhee Kwak, Yoonjung Kim
    Aging & Mental Health.2019; 23(1): 107.     CrossRef
  • Eating alone and metabolic syndrome: A population-based Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014
    A Rom Kwon, Yeong Sook Yoon, Kyong Pil Min, Yoon Kyung Lee, Ji Ho Jeon
    Obesity Research & Clinical Practice.2018; 12(2): 146.     CrossRef
  • Effects of the Elderly's Health Statuses, Health Behavior, and Social Relations on Their Health-related Quality of Life: Focusing on Family Types
    Young Bum Kim, Seung-Hee Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(3): 310.     CrossRef
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[English]
Study on Energy and Nutrient Intake and Food Preference of the Elderly in Care Facilities
Jong Sook Kwon, Seung Hee Lee, Kang Min Lee, Yoonna Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(2):200-217.   Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.2.200
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to assess energy and nutritional intake and investigate the preference for food and cooking methods of the residents in elderly care facilities.
METHODS
Data were collected from 72 residents (10 males and 62 females) aged ≥ 70 years in elderly care facilities using questionnaires, food photographs for estimating dietary intake and records for daily physical activity.
RESULTS
Average age of the study participants was 85.0 years and 41, 36 and 8 had dementia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively. 15%, 65% and 19% of subjects were physically mobile, enervated, and immobile, respectively. Daily energy intake was 1360.2 kcal in men and 1378.0 kcal in women, which were 68.0% and 86.1% of the estimated energy requirement (EER) of dietary reference intake for Koreans (KDRI) for ≥ 75 year old individuals, respectively. Estimated energy expenditure (EEE) of subjects calculated using formula from KDRI was 1361.9 kcal and EER calculated using estimated daily physical activity (EDPA) was 1232.9 kcal. Energy intake and EEE from KDRI were higher than EER from EDPA. Dietary intake of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, zinc, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin C were lower, and protein, phosphorous, iron, sodium, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin E were higher than the corresponding ones of KDRI. Subjects liked meats, fishes and shellfish, and fruits, while subjects disliked milk, seaweeds and salted fish and salted vegetables. Cooked rice, soybean paste soup, beef, cooked sliced radish strip, and yogurt were favorite foods, with steam being a favorite cooking method. Subjects considered nutrition as the most important factor for improving food service quality.
CONCLUSIONS
Results of this study could be utilized for improving food-service for the residents in elderly care facilities, and provide a basis for setting reference intake of energy and nutrients of the elderly having very low activity levels.

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    Seo Young Choi, Hyun joo Ryou, Jieun Oh
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(4): 286.     CrossRef
  • Snack Provision Practice in Long-Term Care Hospitals and Facilities in Korea
    Dayeong Yeo, Hae Jin Kang, Hyejin Ahn, Yoo Kyoung Park
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  • A Comparison of Status of Nutrition Management in Long-Term Care Facilities With and Without Dietitian
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    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2022; 47(1): 27.     CrossRef
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    Kui-Jeong Choi, Hyun-Jung Lee, Weon-Sun Shin
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  • Current status of foodservice nutrition management and effects of welfare facility support for the elderly in Cheongju City
    Joo-Eun Lee
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2022; 16(4): 527.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Food Service Provision by Food Service Operational Types for Residential Facilities
    Jin Hee Kwon, Rah Il Hwang, Hyeon Jin Jeong, Hye Min Jang
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2022; 47(4): 258.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with Person-Centered Care among Care Workers at Long-term Care Facilities
    Geun-Young Kim, Hye-Young Jang
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2021; 23(1): 13.     CrossRef
  • Dietary quality of lunches in senior leisure service facilities in South Korea: analysis of data from the 2013–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Daeun Choi, Youngmi Lee, Haeryun Park, Kyunghee Song, Jinah Hwang
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2021; 15(2): 266.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the dietary quality and nutritional status of elderly people using the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E) in Seoul
    Sun-Wook Ham, Kyung-Hee Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(1): 68.     CrossRef
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    Gyusang Han, Eunju Yang
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(1): 27.     CrossRef
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    Hee-Sook Lim, Eun Bi Oh, Yoo Kyoung Park, Hae-Yun Chung
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2020; 30(2): 172.     CrossRef
  • Health and Nutrition Status of Elderly People with Multimorbidity: A Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013~2015)
    Na-Gyeong Oh, Jung-Sook Seo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(6): 502.     CrossRef
  • Nutritional status of Korean elderly with dementia in a long-term care facility in Hongseong
    Ji-Yeon Lee, Yeong-Soon Hyun, Hee-Seon Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2019; 13(1): 32.     CrossRef
  • Food and nutrient intake status of Korean elderly by perceived anxiety and depressive condition: data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 ~ 2015
    Da-Mee Kim, Kyung-Hee Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(1): 58.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Food Preference, Recognition and Experience of Elderly Foods among Elderly People
    Mi Young Kim, Yoo Na Lee
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2016; 29(6): 971.     CrossRef
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[English]
A Study on the Body Composition, Physical Activity Level, Basal Metabolic Rate, and Daily Energy Expenditure of Elderly in Busan
Hwa Jae Lim
Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(2):178-189.   Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.2.178
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the study were to assess body composition, physical activity level (PAL), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and daily energy expenditure (DEE) and to examine associations between PAL and body composition, BMR, and DEE of elderly in Busan.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 226 elderly aged 65-93 years. Body composition was measured by Inbody 720. PAL was calculated by daily activity diary. BMR was calculated by Harris-Benedict (H-B) formula, Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) formula, and Inbody 720 measurement. DEE was calculated by H-B formula, DRI formula, Inbody 720 measurement, and estimated energy requirements (EER) formula.
RESULTS
The mean fat free mass (FFM) in elderly men was significantly higher than that in elderly women (p<0.001). The mean percent body fat and fat mass (FM) in elderly women were significantly greater than those in elderly men (p<0.001, p<0.001). The mean PAL in elderly men (1.59) was significantly higher than that in elderly women (1.53) (p<0.001). The mean DEEs calculated by 3 methods except for H-B formula in elderly men were higher than EER for elderly men (2000kcal). The mean DEEs calculated by 4 different methods in elderly women were higher than EER for elderly women (1600kcal). Age showed significantly negative correlations with height (p<0.001, p<0.001), FFM (p<0.001, p<0.001), BMRs calculated by H-B formula (p<0.001, p<0.001), DRI formula (p<0.001, p<0.001) and Inbody 720 measurement (p<0.05 p<0.01) and DEEs calculated by H-B formula (p<0.001, p<0.001), DRI formula (p<0.001, p<0.001), Inbody 720 measurement (p<0.05, p<0.05), and EER formula (p<0.001, p<0.001) in elderly men and elderly women. PAL showed significantly positive correlations with FFM (p<0.05), BMR by Inbody 720 measurement (p<0.05) in elderly men and negative correlations with FM (p<0.05) in elderly women.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results, PAL was associated with greater FFM in elderly men and lesser FM in elderly women. Therefore, nutritional education to increase physical activity for health promotion in late life is needed in the elderly.

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  • Effects of a Yoga Program Combined with a Mediterranean Diet on Nutritional Status and Functional Capacity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
    María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile, María Rosalba Martín-Baute, María Isabel Ledesma-Cerrato, Yolanda Castellote-Caballero, Ana María González-Martín, Fidel Hita-Contreras, Javier Cano-Sánchez, Agustín Aibar-Almazán
    Nutrients.2024; 16(11): 1601.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Aquatic Group Exercise on Body Composition and Mental Health of Elderly Women
    Hae-An Ok
    Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2017; 12(1): 103.     CrossRef
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[English]
A study on the Needs for Nutrition Management Program for Elderly Who use Welfare Facilities
Min June Lee, Jung Hyun Kim, Ok Jin Park, Young Mi Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(1):65-74.   Published online February 29, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.1.65
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to investigate the nutritional status, health conditions, eating habits and experience and demand for nutrition.dietary management of senior citizens. And these data are formed foundation of development of nutrition.dietary management education program and contents in welfare facilities for the aged.
METHODS
We visited 3 public health centers, 3 senior citizens centers, and 4 welfare centers in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungnam province, and Daejeon area and carried out interview by semi-structured questionnaire for senior citizens older than 65 years who use those facilities.
RESULTS
The study included 17%, 30.7% and 52.3% of senior citizens from public health centers, seniorcitizen centers and and welfare centers, respectively. The age range of 43.9% of the population was 65-74 years and and 56.1% were older than 75 years. We observed that 83.2% of subjects took some medicines due to diseases that they have and 58.0% took prescription medicines for hypertension. The thing that they considered the most when selecting food was 'the taste'(p<0.05). Regarding the level of practice to keep the dietary life, they answered more than 'average' for most of items but answered less than 'average' for lot of salt intake, drinking, exercise. For the experience of nutritionddietary life education, only 19.8% answered 'Yes' and the service for nutritionddietary life management showed the highest score in the demand for 'provide nutritious food'. For the size of consulting group for nutrition/dietary life education, the public health center and welfare center preferred a larger group size but the senior citizens center preferred a smaller group. With regard to who will carry out the consulting, the demand for dietitian was the highest and the operation type showed the high demand in the order of consulting, education. The contents that they want to have consultation in nutritionddietary life education were diet therapy for diseases and the ordinary diet therapy for health.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggested the management of nutritionddietry life necessitates qualitative measures according to the different types of welfare facilities. For these, it is in need of development of counseling and education program included therapy for disease. Above all, the policy to secure dietitian of welfare facilities for the aged to perform these should be achived.

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  • Spatial pattern and influencing factors of urban elderly meal assistance facilities: a case study from Beijing, China, based on multi-source data
    Tuke Zheng, Xidong Ma, Xiaoqing Cheng
    Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
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    Seo Young Choi, Hyun joo Ryou, Jieun Oh
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(4): 286.     CrossRef
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    Dayeong Yeo, Hae Jin Kang, Hyejin Ahn, Yoo Kyoung Park
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2024; 13(2): 108.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of NQ-E index-based individual nutrition counseling for community-care elderly: an intervention study on improving nutritional status, complex chronic diseases, and quality of life
    Yoonjeong Choi, Jihyun Lee, Heesook Lim, Yoo Kyoung Park
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(6): 480.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation on the Nutrition Quotient Scores of Elderly People Living Alone in Korea
    Gyoungok Gang, Min Lee, Eun-hui Choi, Hye-Lim Lee, Hyun-Young Lee, Hye-Ja Chang, Jung-Hwa Choi, Na-Young Yi, Kyung-Eun Lee, Min-Jae Chung, Tong-Kyung Kwak
    Nutrients.2023; 15(17): 3750.     CrossRef
  • Effects of nutrition and hygiene education program on healthy eating habits and behavior of the elderly in Chungbuk
    Je-ok Yeon, Byung-chun Song, Kyung-Jin Yeum, Myoung-sook Kim, Mi-young Lee
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2022; 55(3): 390.     CrossRef
  • Dietary quality of lunches in senior leisure service facilities in South Korea: analysis of data from the 2013–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Daeun Choi, Youngmi Lee, Haeryun Park, Kyunghee Song, Jinah Hwang
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2021; 15(2): 266.     CrossRef
  • Future Perspective of the Elderly Food in a Super-Aged Society
    Weon-Sun Shin
    Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society.2021; 11(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Person-Centered Nursing Intervention for Frailty among Prefrail Community-Dwelling Older Adults
    Jiyeon Ha, Yeon-Hwan Park
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(18): 6660.     CrossRef
  • Socio-Economic Factors are Associated with Risk of Inadequate Protein Intake among Korean Elderly: Based on the Seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES Ⅶ), 2016-2018
    Won Jang, Ho Kyung Ryu
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2020; 31(2): 215.     CrossRef
  • Current Status of Sanitary and Nutritional Food Service in Elderly Day Care Center
    Jeonghyeon Woo, Yoo Kyoung Park, Mi-Hyun Kim, Soo-Kyung Lee, Kyunghee Song, Hye-Kyeong Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(5): 374.     CrossRef
  • Comparative analysis of dietary behavior and nutrient intake of elderly in urban and rural areas for development of “Village Lunch Table” program: Based on 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data
    Youngmi Lee, Yourim Choi, Hae Ryun Park, Kyung Hee Song, Kyung Eun Lee, Chang Hee Yoo, Young Suk Lim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(2): 171.     CrossRef
  • Food Safety and Nutrition Education Program for Elderly and Assessment of Program Effectiveness Based on Health Belief Model
    Jung-Hwa Choi, Eun-Sil Lee, Yoon-Jin Lee, Hye-Sang Lee, Hye-Ja Chang, Kyung-Eun Lee, Na-Young Yi, Yoon Ahn, Tong-Kyung Kwak
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2016; 45(9): 1366.     CrossRef
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[English]
Quality of Nutrient Adequacy and Health-related Quality of life of the Rural Elderly
Mee Sook Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(6):423-432.   Published online December 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.6.423
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
In Korea, the percentage of elderly is increasing at an unprecedented rate, and is expected to account for 40% of the population by 2060. This massive demographic change stresses the importance of research on aging as it is necessary to improve the quality of life (QoL) of this population. This study aimed to examine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the rural elderly and to clarify its association with the nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR).
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was performed in S-gun, Chonbuk, a critical agricultural area. The elderly people without abnormal physical functioning composed our study population and the data were collected by personal visits to 336 elderly people aged over 65 years (110 males and 226 females). Subjects were interviewed with questionnaires pertaining to general characteristics and EuroQol (EQ-5D). Nutrient intakes were assessed two days by 24-hours recall method. Subjects were defined as high QOL group if EQ-5D index with Nam's model was above the median.
RESULTS
Generally, EQ-5D index was lower in women than in man, and lower in older subjects than in younger subjects. The percentages of people below the median were 42% (low QoL group) and 58% (high QoL group) were found to be the above the median. The high QoL group had higher NAR, especially for vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and folate. All dimensions in the EQ-5D were affected by NAR of some nutrients and especially anxiety/depression dimension was significantly correlated with NAR of 5 nutrients (protein, calcium, iron, vitamin C and vitamin B1) and EQ-5D scores.
CONCLUSIONS
HRQol was significantly reduced in elderly with increasing age and this was more pronounced in women than in man. The NAR of some nutrients were associated with the EQ-5D index, especially anxiety/depression dimension, among rural elderly.

Citations

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  • Health and dietary characteristics of the men and women in their middle age according to health-related quality of life: using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data in 2019 and 2021
    Sarim Kim, Yoon Jung Yang
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(3): 307.     CrossRef
  • Snack Provision Practice in Long-Term Care Hospitals and Facilities in Korea
    Dayeong Yeo, Hae Jin Kang, Hyejin Ahn, Yoo Kyoung Park
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2024; 13(2): 108.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Korean Older Adults
    Ae-Rim Seo, Tae-Yoon Hwang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(7): 3703.     CrossRef
  • Food and nutrient intake status of Korean elderly by perceived anxiety and depressive condition: data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 ~ 2015
    Da-Mee Kim, Kyung-Hee Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(1): 58.     CrossRef
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[English]
The Prevalence of Hypertension and Related Nutritional Risk Factors of Elderly Living in a Rural Area
Mee Sook Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(4):291-300.   Published online August 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.4.291
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The prevalence of hypertension in Korean rural elderly was significantly higher than that of the general population. Determining the potential risk factors of hypertension would be useful for managing and improving the treatment and prevention of hypertension in rural areas.
METHODS
We studied 336 elderly individuals 110 males, 226 females) aged between 65 years and 95 years residing in the rural area, S-gun Jeonbuk. Health-related habits, frequency of intake of food groups, nutrient intakes, anthropometric and biochemical measurements were assessed. Subjects were defined as hypertensive if SBP was > or = 140 mmHg or if DBP was > or = 90 mmHg or take an antihypertensive drug.
RESULTS
The rate of prevalence of hypertension in the study group was 51.8% (male 40.0%, female 57.5%). The risk of occurrence of hypertension was higher among females (OR, 1.98), 75 years old or older (OR, 1.62), BMI > or = 25 kg/m2 (OR, 2.84), acceptable range (upper end) of body fat (OR, 2.29) and unhealthy (too high) range of body fat (OR, 3.28), hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 2.17) and hypercholesterolemia (OR, 5.42), low protein intakes (OR, 1.78). However, health related habits, frequencies of intake of food groups and most nutrient intakes except for protein did not show any significant relationship with the occurrence of hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS
To reduce the risk of occurrence of hypertension among elderly individuals in rural areas, it is needed to avoid increase of body fat, 25 or higher BMI (kg/m2) and hyperlipidemia and low intake of proteins.

Citations

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  • Health-related Behavior Affecting Hypertension in the Elderly Using Data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Jongsuk LEE
    Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2024; 56(2): 163.     CrossRef
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[English]
An Evaluation of Chronic Disease Risk Based on the Percentage of Energy from Carbohydrates and the Frequency of Vegetable Intake in the Korean Elderly: Using the 2007-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Yoon Suk Suh, Min Seon Park, Young Jin Chung
Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(1):41-52.   Published online February 28, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.1.41
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Korean elderly people are known to consume diets high in carbohydrates low in vegetables compared to other age groups. This study evaluated the chronic disease risks and nutritional status in this group based on the percentage of energy from carbohydrates and the frequency of vegetable intake.
METHODS
Using the 2007~2009 Korean National Health Nutrition Examination Survey data, except those who were undergoing treatment for chronic disease, final 1,487 subjects aged 65 and older were divided into 4 groups: moderate carbohydrate energy ratio of 55~70% and low frequency of vegetable intake defined as less than 5 times per day (MCLV), moderate carbohydrate ratio and high frequency of vegetable intake more than 5 times (MCHV), high carbohydrate energy ratio above 70% and low frequency of vegetable intake less than 5 times (HCLV), and high carbohydrate ratio and high frequency of vegetable intake more than 5 times (HCHV). All data were analyzed after the application of weighted value, using a general linear model or logistic regression.
RESULTS
More than half of Korean elderly consumed diets with HCLV, and this group showed poor nutritional status and lower frequency of intake of most food items, but with no risk of chronic disease such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease or anemia probably due to low intake of energy. On the contrary, MCHV group with a high percentage of energy from fat and protein showed the highest intake of energy and most nutrients, the highest frequency of intake of most of food items and a tendency of high risk of abdominal obesity, being followed by the MCLV group. Meanwhile, HCHV group showed a tendency of high risk of hypertension, followed by HCLV group with low frequency of intake of vegetables compared with the two moderate carbohydrate groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggested that the percentage of energy from carbohydrate and the frequency of vegetable intake affected the nutritional status, but not significantly affected the risk of chronic disease in Korean elderly. Further studies using more detailed category of % energy from carbohydrates and of type and amount of vegetables with consideration of individual energy intake level, excessive or deficient, are needed to confirm the results.

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    Sojeong Lee, Seungmin Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(5): 363.     CrossRef
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    Pingping Sun, Lingang Gu
    Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments.2021; 45: 101134.     CrossRef
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    Na-Gyeong Oh, Jung-Sook Seo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(6): 502.     CrossRef
  • Analyzing the Relative Importance for the Development Plan of the Public Health Care System
    You Ho Kim
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2018; 43(4): 300.     CrossRef
  • The Quality of a Traditional Dietary Pattern in Relation to Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly South Koreans
    Chorong Oh, Jaekyung No
    Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2018; 27(4): 254.     CrossRef
  • Development of a Food Exchange Table and Food Pattern for Nutritionally Balanced Menu Planning
    Yun Ahn, Ikhyun Yeo, Sangyun Lee, Kisun Nam
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(5): 411.     CrossRef
  • Estimation of Usual Intake and Assessment of Nutrient Intake for Korean Adolescents: Analysis of the 2010-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Meeyoung Kim, Jihyun Yoon
    Family and Environment Research.2017; 55(4): 385.     CrossRef
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[English]
The Factors Influencing Health-Related Quality of Life in the Elderly: Focused on the General Characteristics, Health Habits, Mental Health, Chronic Diseases, and Nutrient Intake Status: Data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), 2010~2012
Hye Sang Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(5):479-489.   Published online October 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.5.479
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study intended to determine significant factors that influence the health-related quality of life ("HRQoL"; EuroQol 5 Dimension health-related quality of life (EQ_5D) & EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ_VAS)) of the elderly in Korea.
METHODS
This study was based on 3,903 subjects aged 65 years or more who participated in the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), 2010~2012. The HRQoL was analyzed by various factors (general characteristics, health habits, mental health, chronic diseases, nutrient intakes). SPSS statistics for complex samples (Windows ver. 21.0) was used.
RESULTS
The HRQoL was higher in the males, those with higher educational level or higher income level while it was lower in those belong to single households. In particular, the EQ_5D was significantly higher in the group who reported walking practice, moderate physical activity (male), and the group who reported no vigorous physical activity (female). The EQ_VAS was significantly higher in the group who reported walking practice. Both EQ_5D and EQ_VAS were significantly lower in the group with stress, melancholy, suicidal thinking, and osteoarthritis. EQ_5D was significantly lower in the group with < 75% Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) in energy intake, and with < Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) in iron or niacin intake. A stepwise regression analysis revealed that i) higher educational level (male), and good self-rated health status significantly increased the EQ_5D, ii) age, alcohol intake (male), melancholy (female), suicidal thinking, osteoarthritis, and niacin intake deficiency (male) significantly decreased the EQ_5D, iii) higher income level (male) and good self-rated health status significantly increased the EQ_VAS, and iv) age (male), stress, suicidal thinking (female) and osteoarthritis significantly decreased the EQ_VAS.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggested that general characteristics, mental health, osteoarthritis, and niacin intake were associated with the HRQoL. Prospective research of long-term control is needed to establish the causal relationship between factors and the HRQoL.

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[English]
A Qualitative Study on Attitude, Acceptability, and Adaptation for Home-delivered Meal Services in the Korean Elderly from the Perspective of Life Context
Ji Yun Hwang, Bokyoung Kim, Kirang Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(5):459-467.   Published online October 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.5.459
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to suggest the strategies for improvement of home-delivered meal services for the elderly, to identify reasons for recipients to get started with the services and to evaluate the attitude, acceptability and adaptation of recipients to the services from the perspective of life context.
METHODS
The data was collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews with eighteen low-income elderly recipients of home-delivered meals and analyzed using a qualitative research method.
RESULTS
The results were deduced as four themes which comprised of long-term vulnerable socioeconomic contexts resulted in entry to the services, conflicting acceptability to the services, passive adaptation to taking the services, and positive practices to cope with supplement free meals or other services. The service participation was initiated because of a combination of prolonged, vulnerable socioeconomic contexts, including poverty and unexpected life events such as diseases, disability, living alone, aging and unemployment. With regard to taking the services, conflicting acceptability was observed: positive aspects including saving living cost and good quality of meals, and negative aspects including lack of a tailored service and feeling of stigma. Although the recipients needed an individualized service, they did not express their needs and demands for the services and they accepted the unavailability as an accustomed, prolonged vulnerable socioeconomic context. With regard to lack of tailored services, either self-solution such as modification of eating patterns or community-based network and services were used.
CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that a system to concretely identify recipients' attitude, acceptability and adaptation for home-delivered meal services should be developed in the establishment of a tailored nutrition support system for the low-income elderly.

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    Caitlin Koob, Ye Luo, Catherine Mobley, Samuel Baxter, Sarah Griffin, Cassius Hossfeld, Leslie Hossfeld
    Journal of Community Health.2023; 48(3): 367.     CrossRef
  • Virtual Grocery Store: Fostering Healthy Nutrition among Seniors
    Tara Crowell, Anthony Dissen, Elizabeth G. Calamidas, Elizabeth Finnerty, Laura Engelmann
    Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics.2021; 40(4): 290.     CrossRef
  • Interpersonal and Community Factors Related to Food Sufficiency and Variety: Analysis of Data from the 2017 Community Health Survey
    Jiyoun Hong, Taisun Hyun
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(5): 416.     CrossRef
  • Experiences of Healthcare and Daily Life Support Services in Community-dwelling Elders Living Alone: A Thematic Analysis using Focus Group Interviewing
    Yeon-Hwan Park, Kyung-Choon Lim, Be Long Cho, Hana Ko, Yu Mi Yi, Eun-Young Noh, So-Im Ryu, Sun Ju Chang
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2019; 21(3): 200.     CrossRef
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    Rachel S. Bergmans, Briana Mezuk, Kara Zivin
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(13): 2294.     CrossRef
  • Participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and maternal depressive symptoms: Moderation by program perception
    Rachel S. Bergmans, Lawrence M. Berger, Mari Palta, Stephanie A. Robert, Deborah B. Ehrenthal, Kristen Malecki
    Social Science & Medicine.2018; 197: 1.     CrossRef
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[English]
The Relationship between Dietary Behaviors/health Risk Factors and Preference for Salty Taste among Korean Elderly People Living in Rural Areas
Mee Sook Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(5):448-458.   Published online October 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.5.448
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
Increasing salt preferences with age are said to increase preferences of salty foods, thereby leading to greater sodium consumption, which has further implication for hypertension. This study examined the link between preference of salty taste and dietary factors and health-related risk factors in Korean elderly people.
METHODS
We studied 312 elderly individuals aged > 65 years (male, 100 and female, 212). With each subject, pleasant concentration of NaCl was estimated using the sipand-spit method. Dietary habits, food preferences, consumption frequencies, anthropometric and biochemical assessment were assessed.
RESULTS
The pleasant salt concentration was significantly increased in individuals older than 75 years (p < 0.05). Subjects who liked high concentration of salt showed significantly higher preferences for salty foods (p < 0.001). Results showed significant effects (p < 0.01) of fruit & fruit juice consumption frequencies, MNA (mini-nutritional assessment), cognition score, BMI, body fat %, waist circumference, arm circumference, calf circumference, vitamin D level that subjects who likes low salty taste were higher than subjects who likes high salty taste.
CONCLUSIONS
The preference for salty taste in the elderly was not correlated with hypertension. But, increased preference for salty taste with age and increased salty food preferences may result in higher sodium consumption. Therefore, nutritional education regarding lowering salt preference and favorable behaviors of low-salt diet is needed to improve the quality of life in the rural elderly.

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  • Link Between Dietary Sodium Intake, Cognitive Function, and Dementia Risk in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review
    Devi Mohan, Kwong Hsia Yap, Daniel Reidpath, Yee Chang Soh, Andrea McGrattan, Blossom C.M. Stephan, Louise Robinson, Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk, Mario Siervo, Matthew Pase
    Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.2020; 76(4): 1347.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Taste Preferences, Eating Behaviors, and Dietary Habits according to Age of the Elderly in Chungcheong-do
    Eun-Sun Park, Mi-Kyeong Choi
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2019; 29(2): 139.     CrossRef
  • Operation and Process Evaluation of a Community Meal Program for the Elderly in Rural Areas during Agricultural Off-Season Perceived by Cooking Volunteers
    Jeong-Sook Bae, Sol-Bee Seong, So-Mang Jang, Chang-Hee Yoo, Young-Suk Lim, Young-Mi Lee, Hae-Ryun Park, Kyung-Eun Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(4): 277.     CrossRef
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[English]
Nutrition Status of Elderly Female Patients in Long-term Care Hospital according to Meal Types and Eating Ability
Hyejin Ahn, Juhee Kang, Hongmie Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(2):187-197.   Published online April 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.187
AbstractAbstract PDF
OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to determine nutritional status of elderly patients in a long-term care hospital according to meal type and eating ability.
METHODS
Subjects were 47 female patients aged over 65 (79.3 +/- 7.1 years) who resided in a long-term care hospital in Seoul. Thirty seven patients who ate diet orally were grouped according to meal type (27 general diet and 10 soft diet) and eating ability (26 eating by oneself and 11 eaten with help) and 10 were on tube feeding. Nutritional status was determined by food consumption and mid-arm circumference.
RESULTS
The mean adequacy ratios (MARs) of 12 nutrients (protein, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, niacin, folic acid, vitamin C) were 0.687 for general diet, 0.565 for soft diet, 0.680 for eating by oneself and 0.677 for eaten with help, which were significantly lower than 0.982 for tube feeding (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The patients on tube feeding had significantly lower % arm circumference compared to those who ate general diet (84.0% vs. 95.4%, respectively, p < 0.05). Nutrients intakes, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) were not different between meal types as well as eating ability. The most insufficiently consumed nutrients by the patients on diet were folic acid, vitamin B2, and calcium (NAR 0.334~0.453, 0.515~0.539, and 0.516~0.533, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggested that regardless of meal type or eating ability, the subjects who were on diets in this study might have inadequate intake of folic acid as well as vitamin B2, and calcium, which need to be reflected on menu planning. The measurement of mid-arm circumference presented more risk of malnutrition of patients on tube feeding than those on diets, despite apparently better nutrient consumption.

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  • Meal Patterns and Protein Food Utilization in Public and Private Geriatric Long-term Care Hospitals
    Ga-Eun Choi, Hye-Yeon Lee, Mi-Hyun Kim
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2025; 14(4): 260.     CrossRef
  • Nutritional status of Korean elderly with dementia in a long-term care facility in Hongseong
    Ji-Yeon Lee, Yeong-Soon Hyun, Hee-Seon Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2019; 13(1): 32.     CrossRef
  • Effect of nutrition care process-based nutrition intervention on improvement of intake in the elderly in-patients with malnutrition
    Ji-Hyun Park, Min-Ji Kang, Jung-Sook Seo
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2018; 51(4): 307.     CrossRef
  • Eating Problems and Nutritional Status of Elderly Patients in Long-term Care Hospitals according to Whether They consume Foodservice Meals or Other Meals
    Yoo Ri Choi, Eun Young Yoon
    Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2017; 26(2): 145.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Health Status and Mini Nutritional Assessment according to Self-esteem of Elderly in Care Hospital    
    Eun-mi Kim, Jin Kwon
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2015; 25(4): 631.     CrossRef
  • Socio-economic status is associated with the risk of inadequate energy intake among Korean elderly
    Eun Jin So, Hyojee Joung
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(4): 371.     CrossRef
  • Serving Yaksun(Medicinal) Food Items at a Long-Term Senior Care Hospital and an Increase in the Food Intake of Elderly Inpatients
    Min-Jeong Kim, Hye-Sang Lee
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2015; 26(2): 303.     CrossRef
  • Nutrition Status of Elderly Female Patients in Long-term Care Hospital according to Meal Types and Eating Ability
    Hyejin Ahn, Juhee Kang, Hongmie Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(2): 187.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Nutrition Management Status in Convalescent Hospitals Before and After Healthcare Accreditation Process
    Changhee Lee, Soo-Kyung Lee
    Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2014; 20(3): 199.     CrossRef
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[English]
Association between Preferences of Salty Food and Acuity and Preferences of Taste of the Elderly People Living in Rural Area
Mee Sook Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(3):223-232.   Published online June 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.3.223
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of salt (NaCl) recognition threshold and pleasant salt concentrations of Korean rural elderly subjects on preference of salty food as well as food group consumption patterns. The subjects were 213 elderly people (male 71 and female 142) over 65 and under 90 yr of age from Sunchang area. The higher values were found with male subjects in the areas of basic taste recognition threshold and pleasant concentration level of salt. The taste sensitivity scores of male subjects did not decrease with the increasing age, but female subjects exhibited a significant decrease with the age. The major determinant factor of salt preference of the elderly subjects in this study appeared to be personal pleasant concentration of salt rather than salt recognition threshold level and this trend was more evident in males than in females. The subject group of lower salt pleasant concentration i.e. consuming less salt showed the higher number of fruit and fruit juice intakes per week, and higher MNA (define this) scores were implying that they display more desirable nutritional status. Therefore, nutritional education focused on not only a variety of food consumption but also lowering pleasant salt concentration levels is advised to improve the quality of nutrition in the elderly.

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  • Nutrition and food intake status among adults in Jeju according to sociodemographic characteristics and obesity
    Hyunji Ham, Hanbin Ko, Sumin Kim, Youjeong Jang, Jong-Seok Byun, Yoonsuk Jekal, Insuk Chai, Kyungho Ha
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(6): 667.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Taste Preferences, Eating Behaviors, and Dietary Habits according to Age of the Elderly in Chungcheong-do
    Eun-Sun Park, Mi-Kyeong Choi
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2019; 29(2): 139.     CrossRef
  • Association between Sodium Excretion and Obesity of Adults in Gwangju
    Mijin Jo, Young-Ran Heo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(1): 38.     CrossRef
  • Demand for Elderly Food Development: Relation to Oral and Overall Health -Focused on the Elderly Who Are Using Senior Welfare Centers in Seoul-
    Geum-Yong Lee, Jung-Ah Han
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2015; 44(3): 370.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between Dietary Behaviors/health Risk Factors and Preference for Salty Taste among Korean Elderly People Living in Rural Areas
    Mee Sook Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(5): 448.     CrossRef
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[English]
Effects of Nutrition Education and Personalized Lunch Service Program for Elderly at Senior Welfare Center in Jeonju
Jeong Sook Bae, Mi Hyun Kim, Sook Bae Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(1):65-76.   Published online February 28, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.1.65
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a nutrition education and personalized lunch service program in a senior welfare center. A total of 30 elderly (14 males, 16 females) aged 62~89 years participated in this study. Nutrition education lessons (2 hour/lesson/week) were provided for 4 weeks. Also, ten weeks from week 3rd to week 12th, personalized lunch providing 1/3 personal needed energy was served 5 times for a week. After the nutrition intervention program, we compared anthropometric characteristics, blood biochemical characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake using 24 hr recall with those before the intervention. The body weight (p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) were decreased. There were significant increases in score of nutrition knowledge (p < 0.01) and consumption of milk & milk products for snacks. There was a positive effect on fasting blood sugar (FBS) showing significant decreases in portion of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05). Also, serum triglyceride (TG) was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In evaluation of nutrient intake by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), riboflavin (p < 0.01), vitamin C (p < 0.001), calcium (p < 0.05) were positively improved. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) and intakes of vitamin C (p < 0.001), riboflavin (p < 0.05), Ca (p < 0.01) and Fe (p < 0.05) were increased. In conclusion, this nutrition education and lunch service program providing 1/3 personal needed energy can be used to develop and implement a tailored nutritional intervention programs in the setting of a community senior welfare center to improve health and nutritional status of Korean elderly.

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  • 광주광역시 지역민의 영양교육 요구도 조사 분석
    은평 양, 경윤 김, 승희 최, 금비 류, 옥경 김, 정미 윤
    Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science.2023; 39(2): 100.     CrossRef
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    Yeyeon Lee, Narae Yang, Minjeong Shin, Kyung-Eun Lee, Chang Hee Yoo, Kirang Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(4): 416.     CrossRef
  • Current Status of Sanitary and Nutritional Food Service in Elderly Day Care Center
    Jeonghyeon Woo, Yoo Kyoung Park, Mi-Hyun Kim, Soo-Kyung Lee, Kyunghee Song, Hye-Kyeong Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(5): 374.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of nutrient intakes by nutritional anemia and the association between nutritional anemia and chronic diseases in Korean elderly: Based on the 2013–2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
    So Hyun Park, So Hee Han, Kyung Ja Chang
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2019; 13(6): 543.     CrossRef
  • Seniors centre‐based health intervention programmes in the United States and South Korea: A systematic review
    Misoon Song, Kyoungsan Seo, Suyoung Choi, Jeongshil Choi, Hana Ko, Soo Jin Lee
    International Journal of Nursing Practice.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sung-Hee Kim, Boram Kim, Nami Joo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(3): 218.     CrossRef
  • A study on the Needs for Nutrition Management Program for Elderly Who use Welfare Facilities
    Min-June Lee, Jung-Hyun Kim, Ok-Jin Park, Young-Mi Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(1): 65.     CrossRef
  • Investigation of Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior for Analyzing Food Safety Risk Factors in the Elderly
    Jung-Hwa Choi, Yoon-Jin Lee, Eun-Sil Lee, Hye-Sang Lee, Hye-Ja Chang, Kyung-Eun Lee, Na-Young Yi, Tong-Kyung Kwak
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2016; 45(5): 746.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Nutrition Education Providing School Lunch by Personalized Daily Needed Food Exchange Units for Adolescent Athletes in Jeonbuk Province
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    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(6): 542.     CrossRef
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[English]
Health-Related Factors Influencing the Quality of Life of Rural Elderly Subjects: Activities of Daily Living, Cognitive Functions, Prevalence of Chronic Diseases and Nutritional Assessment
Mee Sook Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(6):772-781.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.6.772
AbstractAbstract PDF
In order to supply the reference data to define the quality of life of the rural agricultural elderly population in the simplified steps, the data were collected by personal visits to 232 elder people over 65 (89 males and 143 females) in Sunchang area. The survey was conducted with written questionnaires concerning the quality of life, health-related habits, basic physical functions and cognitive behavior. The prevalence of the degenerative diseases were assessed by anthropometric and biochemical determinations. The averaged overall quality of life represented by EQ-5D index with Nam's model was calculated to be 0.865 +/- 0.1509, and the percentages of people below the average were 38% (low QOL group) and 62% (high QOL group) were found to be the above the average. Generally, the subjects with male gender, higher educational background, higher self-rated health status, higher social activities were belonged to the high QOL group. The high QOL group had higher scores of daily living activities KADL and IADL, and lower risks in cognitive functions K-MMSE and depression scale GDS. There was no statistically significant correlation between biochemical indexes of blood and cognitive function and EQ-5D scores when the results were adjusted for age and gender. There were significant differences in nutritional assessment determined by the MNA between the high and low QOL groups. The low QOL group showed inferior nutritional status. The rapidly measurable factors of the quality of life of rural elderly were turned out to be physical activity scores and the simplified nutritional status measurement.

Citations

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    Il Yong Jang, Yo Han Song, Jae Woon Kim, Young Sung Moon
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    Ho-Jung Kim, Jung-Sug Lee, Yookyung Kim
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  • Factors associated with malnutrition in demented and non-demented elderly residing in the community of Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study
    Jinhee Kwon, Jung Hee Kim, Hyeonjin Jeong, Jung Suk Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(5): 359.     CrossRef
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    Heewook Weon, Jieun Yoo, Jumhwa Yu, Miso Park, Haekyoung Son
    Brain Sciences.2021; 11(7): 899.     CrossRef
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    Hee-Sook Lim, Eun Bi Oh, Yoo Kyoung Park, Hae-Yun Chung
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2020; 30(2): 172.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the dietary quality and nutritional status of elderly people using the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E) in Seoul
    Sun-Wook Ham, Kyung-Hee Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(1): 68.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Geographic Area on Dietary Quality across Different Age Groups in Korea
    Hyun Ja Kim, Kirang Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(6): 453.     CrossRef
  • Health Related Quality of Life Assessment by the EQ-5D of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishery Workers
    Woun-Jong Choi, Kyeong-Su Kim, Hyeon-Gyeong Lee, Hyo-Cher Kim, Hye-seon Chae, Kyung-Suk Lee, Dong-Phil Choi
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2018; 29(3): 399.     CrossRef
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    Hae-Eun Shin, Ic-Jun Chang, Min-Jeong Cho, Keun-Bae Song, Youn-Hee Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2018; 42(4): 159.     CrossRef
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    Hyun-jong Song
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    Mee Sook Lee
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  • Effects of the Social Activity and Leisure Activity of the Rural Elderly on the Subjective Quality of Life
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    Myeong-Soo Jeon
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    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2014; 25(2): 163.     CrossRef
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[English]
A Study on the Health and Nutritional Characteristics according to Household Income and Obesity in Korean Adults Aged over 50: Based on 2005 KNHANES
So Hyun Ahn, Sook Mee Son, Hye Kyeong Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(4):463-478.   Published online August 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.4.463
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study investigated the health and nutritional characteristics according to household income level and obesity in Koreans aged over 50 years based on the 2005 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Subjects were classified into 3 groups by average household income with reference to the minimum monthly living expenses (MLE): low (n = 319, < 100% MLE), middle (n = 222, < 200% MLE), high (n = 411, > or = 200% MLE) and each group was compared by BMI index. With increasing income level, the prevalence of systolic hypertension and hyperlipidemia was increased. In the low income group, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose were higher in the obese compared with the normal. In the middle and high income groups, the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and diastolic hypertension were higher in the obese. Subjects had nutritional imbalance, such as inadequate intake of calcium and potassium. With increasing income level, the percentages of protein and fat to total calorie were increased in addition to the intakes and density of nutrients. The obese in the low income group had higher intakes of energy, protein, phosphorus and higher consumption frequency of cereals and potatoes compared with the normal. It was shown that the obese of the middle and high income groups tended to have lower consumption frequency of Korean cabbage and higher frequency of fruits. The obese of high income group also had binge drinking habit. Therefore, this study suggests that specific approaches based on economic status should be considered in developing nutrition education program for the elderly.

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  • Dietary Behaviors and Health Status by Income Level in Single-Adult Households in Korea: An Analysis of Data From the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Min-Hee Han, Bok-Mi Jung, Mi-Kyeong Choi
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2025; 14(1): 55.     CrossRef
  • Changes in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome before and after the COVID-19 pandemic according to household income levels
    Hyunjung Kang, Dagyeong Lee, Junhee Park, Su-Min Jung
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2025; 46(1): 27.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the health and nutritional status of Korean elderly considering the household income level, using the 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Jin Mo Khil
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(1): 39.     CrossRef
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    Yu-Kyeong Kwon, Sook-Bae Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(6): 467.     CrossRef
  • Estimated dietary intake of vitamin A in Korean adults: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007~2012
    Seong-Ah Kim, Shinyoung Jun, Hyojee Joung
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2016; 49(4): 258.     CrossRef
  • Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Mixture of Camellia sinensis L. and Artemisia argyi by Response Surface Methodology
    Young-Hyun Kim, Woo-Sik Kim, Jae-Min Kim, Sun-il Choi, Tae-Dong Jung, Jin-Ha Lee, Jong-Dai Kim, Jae Kag Lim, Ok-Hwan Lee
    Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety.2016; 31(4): 278.     CrossRef
  • A study on nutritional intakes in middle income adults based on data from the 5thKorean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Ji-Myung Kim, Hye Sook Kim, Ki Nam Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(4): 364.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Obesity and Nutritional Status by Age among Low-income Women aged over 20  -Using Data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-
    Hee-Kyung Jang
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2015; 25(2): 246.     CrossRef
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    Hee-Kyung Jang
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2014; 27(4): 660.     CrossRef
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[English]
Development of Food Safety and Nutrition Education Contents for the Elderly: by Focus Group Interview and Delphi Technique
Jung Hwa Choi, Eun Sil Lee, Yoon Jin Lee, Hye Sang Lee, Hye Ja Chang, Kyung Eun Lee, Na Young Yi, Yun Ahn, Tong Kyung Kwak
Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(2):167-181.   Published online April 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.2.167
AbstractAbstract PDF
Our society is aging rapidly, and the number of elderly people who are in charge of purchasing and preparing foods at home is increasing. However, most the elderly have difficulty managing nutrition and food safety by themselves. The purpose of this study was to develop the necessary knowledge, through focus group interview and Delphi technique to establish a food safety and nutrition education program. The diet and educational needs of the elderly were surveyed through FGI. The education topics were decided by the Delphi technique. The education program consisted of a five week program, and the topics taught were 'Dietary Change for Healthy Life', 'Prevention of Food Poisoning in Everyday Life', 'Safe Food Handling for my Health', 'Healthy Dietary Life to Prevent Chronic Disease', and 'Safety! Nutrition! Healthy Dietary Life'. This education program was designed to decrease the perceived barriers, and to increase the perceived interests and the sense of self-efficacy. Education program materials, lesson plans, slides, handouts, videos, leaflets, and booklets were developed. Based on the results, the contents of the food safety guideline leaflets for the elderly were decided as the following: (1) wash your hands in the correct way; (2) select safe food; (3) cook foods safely; (4) keep foods safely; (5) keep kitchen utensils clean. In conclusion, if advanced education programs are implemented and delivered continuously in locations such as health centers and community welfare centers, those will contribute significantly to enhance the perception of food safety and to change the desirable dietary behavior of the elderly.

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  • Validity Study on Foodservice Management Standards for Long-Term Care Institutes Using a Delphi Technique
    Junghwa Choi, Sujin Jung, Hyeja Chang
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2022; 51(12): 1345.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Awareness, Knowledge, and Behavior about Food Hygiene·Safety Among the elderly
    Mi Sook Lee, Sim-Yeol Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(3): 200.     CrossRef
  • Food Safety and Nutrition Education Program for Elderly and Assessment of Program Effectiveness Based on Health Belief Model
    Jung-Hwa Choi, Eun-Sil Lee, Yoon-Jin Lee, Hye-Sang Lee, Hye-Ja Chang, Kyung-Eun Lee, Na-Young Yi, Yoon Ahn, Tong-Kyung Kwak
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2016; 45(9): 1366.     CrossRef
  • A study on the Needs for Nutrition Management Program for Elderly Who use Welfare Facilities
    Min-June Lee, Jung-Hyun Kim, Ok-Jin Park, Young-Mi Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(1): 65.     CrossRef
  • Development of the evaluation tool for the food safety and nutrition management education projects targeting the middle class elderly: Application of the balanced score card and the structure-process-outcome concept
    Hyeja Chang, Hyoi Yoo, Harim Chung, Hyesang Lee, Minjune Lee, Kyungeun Lee, Changhee Yoo, Junghwa Choi, Nayoung Lee, Tongkyung Kwak
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(6): 542.     CrossRef
  • An Evaluation of the Dietary Status for Developing Assistance Programs for Daily Lives of Elderly Individuals in Rural Korea
    Jin-Sook Yoon, Min-Kyoung Song, Hye-Jin Lee, Shin-Young Lee, Hee-Keum Cho, Yoon-Ji Choi
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2014; 25(2): 163.     CrossRef
  • Eggs and Poultry Purchase, Storage, and Preparation Practices of Consumers in Selected Asian Countries
    Kadri Koppel, Suntaree Suwonsichon, Uma Chitra, Jeehyun Lee, Edgar Chambers IV
    Foods.2014; 3(1): 110.     CrossRef
  • Development of a Questionnaire for Dietary Habit Survey of Korean Adults
    Jin Suk Jo, Ki Nam Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(3): 258.     CrossRef
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[English]
Survey on Present Use and Future Demand for the Convenience Food in the Elderly Group
Ji Young Park, Ji Na Kim, Wan Soo Hong, Weon Sun Shin
Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(1):81-90.   Published online February 29, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.1.81
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study is to research the use and the demand of the elderly generation that pursue economic ability and active lifestyle. The composition of the meals were "homemade meals" 65.3%, "homemade & convenience meals" 26.7% overall. For the "never miss a meal" category, 70~74 years old was 48.3%, over 80 years old was 60.0%. The elderly under 70 years old showed a high frequency in the use of alternative meals (p < 0.05) and the elderly with higher education used the alternative meals more frequently (p < 0.01). The rice-cakes, bread, tuna cans, Korean side-dishes, beverages, meat, cup-noodles and seafood as alternative meals are in the order of most frequency. Also, 96.0%, 59.0% and 46.5% of the elderly had experience in using "Ready to eat (RTE)", "Ready to heat (RTH)" and "Ready to cook (RTC)". The oldest group surveyed, the elderly at the age of 80 years old and above showed lower preference for "completely cooked state" but showed highest results in the "half-cooked state". This shows the difference between people's perception and the behavior that showed high frequency of 96.0% in the experience with "RTE". This can be inferred that the elderly needs the development of convenience food that is moderately packaged according to the newer lifestyle where the elderly live independent from their children. Moreover, there is a higher demand in the healthy convenience food, which means that there is a need for development in the quality of the convenience food that will allow more faith in convenience food by the elderly.

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  • The Trend of Chronic Diseases Among Older Koreans, 2004–2020: Age–Period–Cohort Analysis
    Eun Ha Namkung, Sung Hye Kang, Jessica A Kelley
    The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Profiling the socioeconomic characteristics, dietary intake, and health status of Korean older adults for nutrition plan customization: a comparison of principal component, factor, and cluster analyses
    Kyungsook Woo, Kirang Kim
    Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024043.     CrossRef
  • Development and Application of an Evaluation Framework for Elderly-friendly Home Meal Replacements
    Heena Noh, Kijung Park
    Journal of the Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers.2022; 48(1): 52.     CrossRef
  • Packaging technology for home meal replacement: Innovations and future prospective
    Nattinee Bumbudsanpharoke, Seonghyuk Ko
    Food Control.2022; 132: 108470.     CrossRef
  • Need for Nutritious Convenience Foods for the Elderly Population: A Review
    Vyoma Agarwal, Ila Joshi
    Current Nutrition & Food Science.2021; 17(4): 384.     CrossRef
  • Nutritional Assessment Focusing on Minerals of Ready-to-Cook Foods Sold in Korea
    Eun-Sun Park, Mi-Hyun Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2019; 29(6): 501.     CrossRef
  • Preferences of Commercial Elderly-Friendly Foods among Elderly People at Senior Welfare Centers in Seoul
    Hyo-Hyun Jang, Seung-Joo Lee
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2017; 27(2): 124.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Food Preference, Recognition and Experience of Elderly Foods among Elderly People
    Mi Young Kim, Yoo Na Lee
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2016; 29(6): 971.     CrossRef
  • Study on Demand Elderly Foods and Food Preferences among Elderly People at Senior Welfare Centers in Seoul
    Kwang-Jin Shin, Eun Jung Lee, Seung-Joo Lee
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2016; 26(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • A study on the Needs for Nutrition Management Program for Elderly Who use Welfare Facilities
    Min-June Lee, Jung-Hyun Kim, Ok-Jin Park, Young-Mi Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(1): 65.     CrossRef
  • Demand for Elderly Food Development: Relation to Oral and Overall Health -Focused on the Elderly Who Are Using Senior Welfare Centers in Seoul-
    Geum-Yong Lee, Jung-Ah Han
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2015; 44(3): 370.     CrossRef
  • Importance-Performance and Willingness to Purchase Analyses of Home Meal Replacement Using Eco-Friendly Food Ingredients in Undergraduates according to Gender
    Young-Gil Jeong, In-Seon Lee
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2015; 44(12): 1873.     CrossRef
  • A Qualitative Study on Needs of Convenience Meal from the Low-income Female Elderly
    Ji-Eun Jang, Ji-Na Kim, Soojin Park, Weon-Sun Shin
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture.2014; 29(2): 163.     CrossRef
  • The Perception of Aseptic Foods in Cancer Patients
    Kyung-A Lee, Eun-Joo Son, Beom-Seok Song, Jae-Hun Kim, Ju-Woon Lee, Eun-Soon Lyu
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2013; 42(2): 203.     CrossRef
  • Characteristics of the dietary intake of Korean elderly by chewing ability using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010
    Ji Eun Park, Hee Jung An, Sung Ug Jung, Yoonna Lee, Cho-il Kim, Young Ai Jang
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013; 46(3): 285.     CrossRef
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[English]
A Study on Customized Nutrition Intervention Program Design and Application for the Low-Income Elderly
Hyun Joo Do, Youngmee Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(6):716-729.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.6.716
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study aimed to plan nutrition support programs for the elderly living alone whose nutrition status were seriously concerned, conducted seven stages nutrition intervention program on a trial basis, and evaluated the effectiveness of the program of the Elderly Nutrition Support Project. Subjects were selected for personalized nutrition management based on nutritional risk score and nutrition intervention were tailored to the problems occurred. The elderly nutrition support program targets were 44 senior citizens who lived alone with low income. The 33 (as Type 1) of the subjects with whom milk, tofu, seaweed, eggs, black beans have been supported, and also provide nutrition education, and the rest 11 persons (as Type 2) to whom food was not supported but provide nutrition education programs. As a result, all subjects showed that compared with pre and post program implementation, their daily exercise time and milk and protein consumption level were increased and some improvement was observed regular meals consumption and low-salt diets. Their nutrient intake level such as calories, protein, calcium, iron improved after implementation. In addition, NSL DETERMINE scores significantly improved from 13.21 to 7.24 in Type 1 and 11.27 to 9.91 in Type 2. As positive dietary behavioral changes were observed as in that they purchased more protein and calcium rich foods.

Citations

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  • Development of an algorithm for a standard nutrition management model to derive customized diets for older adults in social welfare facilities
    Ji-Won Kang, Su-Jin Lee, Sil Ah Kim, Ah ram Kim, Kirang Kim, Sohyun Park, Yoon Jung Park, Ju Yeon Park, Jieun Oh, Hyun Joo Ryou, Seo-Jin Chung, Ji-Yun Hwang
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2025; 58(4): 389.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the health and nutritional status of Korean elderly considering the household income level, using the 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Jin Mo Khil
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • The effects of a personalized nutrition intervention program on food security, health and nutritional status of low-income older adults in Seoul city
    Yeyeon Lee, Narae Yang, Minjeong Shin, Kyung-Eun Lee, Chang Hee Yoo, Kirang Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(4): 416.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Health Promotion Empowerment Program Using a Resident Volunteer as a Lay Health Leader on Frail Elders' Health and Empowerment
    Jeong Sook Park, Yun Jung Oh
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(3): 335.     CrossRef
  • Effect of nutrition care process-based nutrition intervention on improvement of intake in the elderly in-patients with malnutrition
    Ji-Hyun Park, Min-Ji Kang, Jung-Sook Seo
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2018; 51(4): 307.     CrossRef
  • A Qualitative Study on Needs of Convenience Meal from the Low-income Female Elderly
    Ji-Eun Jang, Ji-Na Kim, Soojin Park, Weon-Sun Shin
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture.2014; 29(2): 163.     CrossRef
  • An Evaluation of the Dietary Status for Developing Assistance Programs for Daily Lives of Elderly Individuals in Rural Korea
    Jin-Sook Yoon, Min-Kyoung Song, Hye-Jin Lee, Shin-Young Lee, Hee-Keum Cho, Yoon-Ji Choi
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2014; 25(2): 163.     CrossRef
  • Qualitative study on home delivery meal services for the elderly
    Sunhee Seo, Eunju Yu, Og Yeon Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013; 46(6): 589.     CrossRef
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[English]
Association between Risk Factors for Health and Taste Perceptions of Middle-aged and Elderly People Living in Rural Areas
Mee Sook Lee, Se In Oh, Chung Shil Kwak
Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(1):145-154.   Published online February 28, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.1.145
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between taste perceptions and risk factors for health of Korean elderly living in rural areas. Recognition thresholds for four basic tastes, drug consumption, BMI, fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were assessed in 176 males and 312 females aged between 50 and 88 years. For the recognition threshold of the four basic tastes, alcohol drinking did not influence their sensitivities, but the alcohol drinking group preferred a higher pleasant concentration of NaCl than did the non-alcohol drinking group. However, smoking significantly decreased sensitivities of the four basic tastes. For the pleasant concentration of NaCl, the smoking group tended to prefer a higher concentration than the non-smoking group. Drug consumption, fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, and serum triglycerides did not have a significant correlation to the sensitivity of the four basic tastes and preference of salty solution. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure may have been positively correlated with the pleasant concentration of NaCl but did not correlate with the recognition thresholds of NaCl and sucrose. Further, systolic blood pressure was negatively correlated with the recognition thresholds of caffeine, whereas diastolic blood pressure was negatively correlated with the recognition thresholds of caffeine and citric acid. The finding that the risk factors for health correlated with taste perception has diagnostic and practical implications for health promotion for the elderly.

Citations

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  • A Study on Eating Out Behavior and Recognition of Salinity in Restaurant Food in Jecheon Area
    Soojin Park, Sung Hee Min
    Journal of The Korean Society of Food Culture.2015; 30(1): 20.     CrossRef
  • Appetite and Related Factors among Community Elders in Korea
    Soojin Park
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2014; 43(9): 1431.     CrossRef
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[English]
Taste Perceptions of Middle-aged and Elderly People Living in Rural Areas: Relationships among Threshold, Taste Preference and Physical Activity
Mee Sook Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2010;15(5):670-678.   Published online October 31, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
Recognition thresholds for NaCl, sucrose, citric acid, and caffeine, as well as the pleasant concentration of NaCl were assessed in 176 males and 312 females aged 50-88 years. Furthermore, relationships among taste sensitivities, taste preferences, and lifestyles were examined. The taste solutions were presented one after the other in ascending order using the sip-and-spit method. For the recognition thresholds of the 4 basic tastes, women perceived significantly lower concentrations than the men. However, the pleasant concentration of NaCl did not show a gender difference. Sensitivities for the 4 basic tastes did not decrease with age in the men, but they did significantly decrease with age for the women, especially for those above 70 years. For men, regular exercise was positively correlated with sensitivities for sour taste and bitter taste, and physical activity was negatively correlated with the pleasant concentrations of NaCl. For women, who had more physical activity, sensitivities for sweet taste and sour taste were lower compared to the others. This study indicates that the sensitivities for 4 basic tastes in water diminished with age, but pleasant salt concentration did not change with age. Further research on pleasant NaCl concentration is required to determine factors affecting salt preference, in order to decrease salt intake in the elderly.
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[English]
Development and Effects' Analysis of Nutrition Education Program for Diabetes Mellitus at Community Health Center: Focused on Individual Daily Energy Requirements and Food Exchange Units
Ji Yoon Oh, Sook Bae Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2010;15(4):485-497.   Published online August 31, 2010
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the developed nutrition education program focused on individual daily energy requirements and food exchange units using Food Exchange System for diabetes mellitus at a community health center. Developed the nutrition education program, four weeks' nutrition education including provided twice individual meal as diet therapy (2 hour/lesson/week, 4 week), was provided to 20 diabetic elderly (12 male, 8 female, 50-75 yrs): 1st lesson "Introduction: management of diabetes mellitus", 2nd lesson "6 Food groups and sources of 6 food groups", 3rd lesson "Individual daily energy requirements and food exchange units", and 4th lesson "Food choice for diabetes mellitus". For effects' analysis of the developed program, we assessed the changes in anthropometric characteristics; biochemical characteristics and nutrient intakes using 24 hr recall method. Effects of the developed nutrition education program were as follows: weight was significantly decreased, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were significantly decreased, and distribution of subjects in BUN and HbA1c was significantly changed. In protein : fat : carbohydrate (PFC) ratio, it was significantly changed from 15.98 : 16.30 : 66.69 to 17.51 : 18.94 : 64.10. In evaluation of nutrient intakes by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRI), protein, fiber, fat, vitamin E, niacin, folic acid, calcium and zinc were shown significantly positive changes in distribution of subjects according to intake level. The index of nutrition quality (INQ), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean nutrition adequacy ratio (MAR) were significantly increased. In conclusion, the developed 4 weeks' nutrition education program focused on individual daily energy requirements and food exchange units using Food Exchange System for diabetes mellitus at community health center may improve the symptom of diabetes mellitus.
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[English]
Association of Nutritional Status with Obesity by Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference among Hypertensive Elderly Patients
Kyung Hee Seo, Hye Jin Lee, Bu Dol Lim, Yun Jung Choi, Hyunmee Oh, Jin Sook Yoon
Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(6):831-845.   Published online December 31, 2009
AbstractAbstract PDF
Hypertension and obesity are important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in Korea. Therefore, we assessed the association between dietary pattern and obesity in hypertensive patients to formulate health promotion strategies for the older population. Dietary information was collected from hypertensive patients visiting community health education and information center by using 24 hour recall method. The 2005 DRIs for Koreans was used to evaluate the dietary adequacy. When subjects were categorized by body mass index (BMI) as normal, overweight and obese, no significant difference in energy intake was found among groups. Dietary intakes of folate, and vitamin C in obese hypertensive patients were significantly lower than in normal weight patients (p < 0.05). When we compare the nutritional status by waist circumferences, dietary intakes of zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, vitamin C and folate were significantly lower in the obese group. Vegetable intake was significantly lower in the obese group according to BMI as well as waist circumference. Energy intake from carbohydrate was significantly higher in obese hypertensive patients (p < 0.05). Obese hypertensive patients had a higher risk of nutritional inadequacy compared to normal weight patients. Our results indicated the need for developing interventions that encourage greater consumption of vegetables while cutting down salt intake with wise selection of staple foods, for obese hypertensive patients.
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[English]
Reliability of Nutritional Screening Using DETERMINE Checklist for Elderly in Korean Rural Areas by Season
Hyun Kyung Moon, Jung Eun Kong
Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(3):340-353.   Published online June 30, 2009
AbstractAbstract PDF
It is very important to screen the elderly for nutritional risk, because nutritional status is a critical factor to maintain their health. Some nutrition checklists used in Korea for the elderly are from other countries. Reliability of those checklist in Korea is not studied enough. This survey was done for the elderly over 65-years-old who live in Hongcheon, An-dong, Dam-yang and Yeon-gi in Korea (subject; summer: 146, winter: 145) to study the reliability of DETERMINE checklist which is adopted widely in Korea. Using the score of DETERMINE checklist, the elderly were divided as high, middle and low risk groups. For nutritional assessment for those elderly, dietary assessment using 24 recall, anthropometry, biochemical assessment and health condition were used. Results for the checklist showed that percentage below EAR for energy intake and protein intake in winter were higher in the high risk group than other groups. The intakes of phosphorus and iron and most vitamins were below the DRI. The percentage of subjects with intake below DRI was highest in the high risk group. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values using the DETERMINE were calculated using 6 point as a cut-off point. Subjects were divided into two groups by MAR (MAR< 0.75:undernutrition, MAR< 0.75 : normal). Sensitivity recorded 49.4% and 34.3%, specificity did 61.9% and 65.4 and Positive predictive value did 62.1% and 46.0% each for summer and winter. Results of screening using DETERMINE Checklist were not matched with dietary assessment but not with anthropometric and biochemical measurement. In conclusion DETERMINE 'Checklist' is shown be a good screening tool for finding out risk groups for dietary intake in the elderly, It needs to verify reliability and validity through large-scale survey.
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[English]
Dishes Contributing to Sodium Intake of Elderly Living in Rural Areas
Hyun Kyung Moon, Soon Ok Choi, Jung Eun Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(1):123-136.   Published online February 28, 2009
AbstractAbstract PDF
Sodium is a necessary element for the body. Excessive intake of sodium is known as one of the risk factors for chronic diseases. Recently, increasing numbers of people in Korea are suffering from chronic diseases. Major causes of deaths were chronic degenerative disease with the rising aging population. Especially, the population of rural areas is growing older fast. In rural areas, it is known that under nutrition and high sodium intake were major nutritional problems. For sodium intake, there were some studies about contributing food items. They were not enough to show diets relate to sodium intakes. Thus, this study analyzed dishes contributing to sodium intakes of elderly living in rural areas. Dietary intakes using "the 24hour recall method" were used. For the analysis for sodium intakes, "Can-pro3.0" was used. Ranking of dishes by contributions of sodium intakes were Korean cabbage, kimchi (19.6%), seasoned soybean paste (5.3%), soybean paste (4.6%), soybean paste soup dried radish leaves (3.5%), hot pork and kimchi stew (3.4%) in order. Ranking of dish groups by sodium intakes was kimchies (28.3%), soup and hot soups (22.8%), stews and casseroles (9.7%), seasonings (8.2%),and seasoned vegetables (6.0%) in order. One-dish meals among cooked rice, wheat noodles among noodle and mandu, soups using the soybean paste, stews using soybean paste and kimchi, salted fish among grilled foods, stir-fried anchovy among stir-fried foods, seasoned spinach, and Korean cabbage kimchi contributed to sodium intakes. As the nutrition deficiency of the elderly living in rural areas could be a problem, and excessive sodium intakes is threatening to their health, it is needed for the senior citizens to have adequate knowledge for diets containing less sodium. And recipes for healthy food and nutrition education based on their diets are needed.
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[English]
The Effects of a Nutrition Education Program for Hypertensive Female Elderly at the Public Health Center
Kyeong Sook Yim
Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(5):640-652.   Published online October 31, 2008
AbstractAbstract PDF
Hypertension is among the most common and important risk factors for stroke, heart attack, and heart failure which is considered to be the leading cause of death in Korea. The prevalence rate of hypertension in Korea is 27.9%, according to the 2006 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. Since non-pharmacologic nutrition education is recommended as the first step in the management of hypertension, evaluation of nutrition program is needed to form strategies for improving patients' dietary adherence. This study was designed to evaluate the overall effectiveness of a hypertension nutrition education program (HNEP) for reducing the salt intake, at a public health center located in Gyunggi-province. The HNEP was offered for 16 weeks from May to September in 2007. Nutrition education activities included cooking classes, food preparation demonstrations, physical fitness programs, salty taste preference test sessions, games, case-study presentations, planning and evaluation of menus, etc. Forty patients participated fully in the program which had 47 female enrollees. Data about nutrient intake (24-hour recall), nutrition knowledge, food behavior were collected before (baseline) and after the program. Changes after program completion indicated the following: 1) diastolic blood pressure was decreased (p < 0.05), 2) sodium (salt) intake was also decreased (p < 0.01), especially baseline high salt intake group, 3) nutrition knowledge was improved (p<0.001), 4) dietary behaviors for maintaining a low salt diet was improved (p < 0.001), 5) participants preferred cooking class from nutrition education methods. As a conclusion, it appears that a nutrition education program for hypertensive female elderly for reducing the salt intake might effectively decrease blood pressure and salt intake. It also improves nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior, and finally adherence to a recommendable low-sodium diet.
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[English]
Dietary Behaviors and Seasonal Diversity of Food Intakes of Elderly Women Living Alone as Compared to Those Living with Family in Gyeongbuk Rural Area
Young Jee Lim, Young Sun Choi
Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(5):620-629.   Published online October 31, 2008
AbstractAbstract PDF
The purpose of this study was to assess dietary habits and seasonal variation and diversity of food intakes of elderly women living alone as compared to those of elderly women living with family in a rural area. Forty nine elderly women living alone and forty one elderly women living with family who reside in Goryeong-gun, Gyeongbuk, were interviewed using questionnaires in summer 2005, and their food intakes were assessed secondly in winter and thirdly in spring 2006. The average ages were 74.7 years for elderly living alone and 72.8 years for elderly living with family. Tooth status and bone fracture experience were similar between the groups. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disease was 61.2% and that of circulatory disease was 32.7% of the subjects. Average of total score of mental depression of the subjects was 5.94 out of 12 points, and it was not significantly different between the two groups. Skipping meals was more frequent and mealtime was more irregular in the elderly women living alone as compared with the elderly women living with family. Consumption of dietary supplements was also less in the elderly women living alone. Food intakes by the elderly women living alone tended to be lower than those by the elderly women living with family. Dietary diversity score was significantly lower with the elderly women living alone as compared with the elderly women living with family only in summer (p < 0.01). Percentages of the subjects who have taken meat group and vegetable group were significantly lower in the elderly living alone compared with the elderly living with family during summer. Therefore, it is necessary to develop food assistance or supporting program suited for the season within a community for elderly women living alone.
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[English]
Dietary Antioxidant Vitamins Intakes and Plasma Antioxidant Levels in Korean Elderly with Diabetes Living in Ulsan
Mi Joung Kim, Jung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(2):276-287.   Published online April 30, 2008
AbstractAbstract PDF
Diabetic mellitus in an older population is associated with increased basal oxidative stress and free radical accentuated by hyperglycemic challenge. Enhanced free radical in diabetic elderly can cause the oxidative damage and such damage can be protected by antioxidant defense system. It is believed that vitamin C, A and E are the most abundant and effective antioxidants in human plasma. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant status in Korean diabetic elderly using the case-control study. The antioxidant status was examined by determining plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, A, E, beta-carotene), total antioxidant status (TAS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and intakes of vitamin C, A, beta-carotene and retiol. Fasting glucose and HbA1c levels and serum lipid profiles (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) were also determined. Diabetic subjects were 122 elderly persons over 60 years old, visiting public health center, and control subjects were 96 healthy elderly persons living in Ulsan, Korea and they were matched by age, gender, smoking and drinking status. The diabetic and control subjects were divided into sub-groups according to the status of using diet therapy and vitamin supplement. The subjects were interviewed to collect data on their general characteristics, disease history, vitamin supplement, diet therapy and health-related habits by questionnaires. Their dietary intakes were obtained by means of semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (SQFFQ). Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in diabetes than in control subjects, and plasma total cholesterol level of diabetes was not significantly different from that of control subjects. However serum HDL cholesterol level of diabetes was significantly lower and serum TG level of diabetes was significantly higher than those of control group. The average vitamin A and beta-carotene intakes of diabetes were significantly higher than those of control subjects. There was no significant difference in plasma vitamin C, beta-carotene, and TBARS levels between two groups, but plasma vitamin A, E and TAS levels were significantly higher in diabetes than those in control group. Plasma vitamin A and TAS levels of diabetic subjects using diet therapy were higher than those of control using diet therapy, and plasma vitamin E, beta-carotene and TAS levels of diabetic subjects using vitamin supplements were significantly higher than those of controls using vitamin supplements. These results suggested that diabetic mellitus could enhance antioxidant defences against reactive oxygen species and interest in healthy eating such as consumption of more antioxidant nutrients.
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[English]
Health-Related Behavioral Factors Associated with Nutritional Risks in Korean Aged 50 years and Over
Kyeong Sook Yim
Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(5):592-605.   Published online October 31, 2007
AbstractAbstract PDF
Undernutrition could be a significant deterrent to healthy aging and could negatively affect health outcomes in elderly. This study aimed to assess health-related factors which are associated with nutritional risks in middle-aged and elderly individuals by a cross-sectional study. Interviews were conducted with 2660 subjects (847 males, 1813 females), aged 50 years and over, in 15 cities in Korea. Data on food intake were obtained through a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Nutritional status were analyzed according to health-related factors including cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise, stress and depression level. Less regular exercise was associated with a higher likelihood of a poor nutrition [odds ratio (OR) 1.94; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.43-2.65] of middle-aged and elderly male subjects. Cigarette smoking (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.24-2.71), less exercise (OR 2.58; 95% CI 2.07-3.21), stress (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.36-2.22), and depression (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.08-1.67) of middle-aged and elderly female subjects was associated with a higher likelihood of a poor nutrition. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that less exercise proved to be the strongest predictors for the poor nutrition, followed by stress, smoking, and depression (model R2= 9.0%). It suggests that guidance to promote regular exercise, to quit smoking, to minimize stress and depression level might help to improve nutritional status of middle-aged and elderly in Korea. These findings also suggest that having recommendable health behaviors are beneficial to the good nutrition of subjects aged 50 years and over.
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[English]
Seasonal Nutrient Intakes of Elderly Women Living Alone as Compared to Those Living with Family in the Gyeongbuk Rural Area
Young Jee Lim, Young Sun Choi
Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(1):58-67.   Published online February 28, 2007
AbstractAbstract PDF
For the rapidly growing elderly population, the achievement and maintenance of good nutritional status is critical to health, functioning and quality of life. Elderly women living alone have been identified as a group associated with poor nutrition. The purpose of this study was to assess dietary intakes of elderly women living alone as compared to those of elderly women living with family in a rural area and to examine seasonal variation. The subjects are 49 elderly women living alone and 41 elderly women living with family who reside in Goryeong-gun, Gyeongbuk, and their food intakes were assessed once each time in summer 2005, winter 2005-2006, and spring 2006. The average ages were 74.7 years for living alone and 72.8 years for living with family. Education level was not different between the two groups. Height, weight, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and fasting blood glucose were not significantly different between the two groups. Average intakes of major nutrients, nutrient adequacy ratio, mean adequacy ratio and index of nutritional quality were lower in the elderly women living alone compared with the elderly women living with family in summer, but the differences in intakes of most nutrients became insignificant both in winter and in spring. High carbohydrate and low fat diet was prevalent and intakes of carbohydrate and fat in summer deviated from macronutrient acceptable distribution ranges. Percentages of the subjects who consumed energy less than 75% of the estimated energy requirement and nutrients less than the estimated average requirement were higher than those reported by the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In summer, the percentage of the subjects who consumed energy less than both 75% of the estimated energy requirement and 4 nutrients less than estimated average requirements was 58.5% of the elderly women living alone, which was higher than 26.5% of the elderly women living with family and that of National Nutrition Survey. Therefore, nutrition policies including nutrition education and support are necessary to improve nutritional status of elderly, especially elderly women living alone and should reflect regional and seasonal characteristics.
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[English]
The Health Status and Nutrient Intakes of Elderly Female in Daegu Area
Hee Jung Yoon, Hee Kyung Lee, Sung Kook Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(1):50-57.   Published online February 28, 2007
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study was designed to evaluate health and nutritional status of elderly females according to their family type. The participants were 157 elderly women (41 living alone, 45 living with a spouse, and 71 living with family). Among them, the subjects answered that their health rated as good condition, the elderly living with a spouse had significantly higher proportions than those living alone and living with family. Serum cholesterol and fasting blood glucose of the respondents living with a spouse were lower than those of the respondents living alone or with family. A dietary assessment with a 24-hour recall method represented that the elderly living alone had lower nutrient intakes, especially the intake of Ca. Most of women living alone or with family were consuming less than 75% of the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). For the females living with a spouse, the number of nutrients consumed below 75% of the Korean RDA were significantly lower than that for those living alone and the elderly living with family. As a result of the above analysis, the health and nutritional statement of old women with a spouse was better than that of the old living alone or with family.
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Korean J Community Nutr : Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
© The Korean Society of Community Nutrition.
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