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Research Articles
[Korean]
Intake of energy and macronutrients according to household income among elementary, middle, and high school students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Chae-Eun Jeong, Heejin Lee, Jung Eun Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2024;29(3):234-252.   Published online June 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2024.29.3.234
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Objectives
This study examined the intake of energy and macronutrients among elementary, middle, and high school students according to household income before the COVID-19 pandemic (2016–2019), during the social distancing period (2020–2021), and after the social distancing measures were lifted (2022).
Methods
We included 5,217 students aged 5–18 from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 2016 and 2022. Dietary intake was assessed using one-day 24-hour dietary recalls. We estimated the least squares means (LS-means) of intake according to household income for each period using a weighted linear regression model, adjusted for age and sex. Differences in LS-means between the periods were analyzed using the t-test.
Results
During the social distancing period, the LS-means of energy intake among students decreased significantly by 143.2 kcal/day compared to pre-pandemic levels (P < 0.001). Students from low-income households experienced a more pronounced decrease in energy intake (−379.1 kcal/day, P < 0.001) and macronutrient intake compared to those from other income groups. Energy intake at school significantly declined for all income groups during the social distancing period compared to before the pandemic. No significant changes in home energy intake were observed among low-income students, whereas there was an increase for students from higher-income groups. Before the pandemic, 8.5% of students from low-income households reported insufficient food due to economic difficulties; this figure rose to 21.3% during the pandemic.
Conclusions
During the pandemic, students from low-income families experienced significantly lower intake of energy and macronutrients compared to pre-pandemic levels. The most substantial reductions were noted among low-income students, largely due to the lack of compensation for decreased school-based intake with increased intake at home.

Citations

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  • Changes in Ultra-Processed Food Consumption among Adolescents before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic : Using Data from the 7th (2018~2019) and 8th (2020~2021) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Hyun-Jin Hwang, Yoo Kyeong Kim
    Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2024; 33(6): 981.     CrossRef
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[Korean]
Changes in nutritional status of Korean older adults during COVID-19 Pandemic by household income and demographic factors -using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2019-2020): a cross-sectional study
You-Sin Lee, Yoonna Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2023;28(4):302-316.   Published online August 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2023.28.4.302
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
The study aim was to identify changes in the nutritional status of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic according to household income and demographic characteristics.
Methods
Study participants were 2,408 adults aged 65 and over who participated in the 2019–2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). To examine changes in nutrient intake levels resulting from COVID-19, data of 2019 and of 2020 were compared. Study participants were divided into three groups based on household income level to compare these changes. The changes were compared according to household income level, age group, and household type.
Results
Percentages of recommended intakes for energy, protein, and most micronutrients were the lowest for the low-income group of both males and females in 2020. The Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) score was the lowest for the low-income group in both years. When comparing nutrient density for 2019 and 2020 by income group, the male low-income group experienced a decrease in nutrient densities of vitamin A, thiamine, calcium, and iron. For the same group, a decreased percentage for energy intake from protein was noted. Fruit intake was lowest in the low-income group for both males and females. Low-income males had the lowest intake levels for meat, fish, eggs, and legumes in both 2019 and 2020 and the lowest milk and milk product intake levels in 2020. Older adults living alone or single older adults with children had lower MAR scores than those living with a spouse. Older adults living alone experienced decreases in energy and thiamine and iron intake levels in 2020 compared to their intake levels in 2019.
Conclusions
Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, nutrition intake levels worsened for older adult males in the low-income group and older adults living alone. This finding shows the need for a more systematic nutritional support strategy for the vulnerable older adults population in national disaster situations.

Citations

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  • Development of Protein Enhanced Diet for Socially Vulnerable Elderly
    Jihye Hong, Hyung-Geun Jeon, Seulgi Kim, Gitae Park
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2024; 34(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of nutrient intake and Korean Healthy Eating Index among the elderly in rural areas pre- and post- COVID-19 pandemic: the 2018–2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data
    Sangyeon Kim, Hye-Sook Hong, Hae-Jeung Lee
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(5): 496.     CrossRef
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[Korean]
Dietary sodium and potassium intake of Koreans estimated using 2 different sources of their contents in foods, Food & Nutrient Database and the Korean Total Diet Study : a comparative study
Jee Yeon Lee, Sung Ok Kwon, Soo Hyun Lee, Min Jeong Seo, Gae Ho Lee, Cho-il Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2023;28(3):235-244.   Published online June 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2023.28.3.235
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Based on the results from the Korean Total Diet Study (KTDS), the sodium (Na) and potassium (K) intake of Koreans were estimated and compared with intake estimates from the Food & Nutrient Database (FNDB), as in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to verify the validity of these estimates.
Methods
One hundred and thirty-four representative foods (RFs) covering 92.5% of the total food intake of Koreans were selected, and 228 pairs of corresponding ‘RF x representative cooking method’ were derived by reflecting the methods used mainly in terms of frequency and quantity in their cooking. RF samples were collected from three cities with a larger population size in three regions (nine cities) nationwide, and six composite samples were made for each RF, considering its regional and/or seasonal characteristics. One thousand three hundred and sixty-eight ‘RF x representative cooking method’ pair samples were prepared, and the Na and K contents were assessed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-MS). The Na and K intake of the Korean population was estimated by linking the content with the food intake data from the 7th KNHANES.
Results
The mean Na and K intake of Koreans were 2,807.4 mg and 2,335.0 mg per person per day, respectively. A comparison with the Na and K intake from KNHANES, including only RFs of KTDS, showed comparable results with less than 5% variation. While the contribution and ranking of food items to Na intake were similar between KNHANES and KTDS, there were differences in K intake. This was attributed to the large discrepancies in the K content of rice and coffee between KTDS results and the values in the 9th Revision of the National Food Composition Table used in KNHANES.
Conclusions
The Na and K intake of Koreans estimated based on the KTDS, which performed nutrient analysis on samples prepared to a ‘table-ready’ state using foods of the representative collection, was similar and comparable with that of KNHANES. This supports the validity and usefulness of FNDB-based nutrient intake estimation at the population level. The list of nutrients studied in KTDS is expected to be expanded, allowing for intake estimation of nutrients with currently insufficient or absent information in the FNDBs in use.
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[English]
Micronutrients and prevention of cervical pre-cancer in HPV vaccinated women: a cross-sectional study
Chandrika J Piyathilake, Suguna Badiga, Nongnut Thao, Pauline E Jolly
Korean J Community Nutr 2023;28(1):61-73.   Published online February 28, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2023.28.1.61
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Prophylactic vaccines against high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) hold promise to prevent the development of higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) and cervical cancer (CC) that develop due to HR-HPV genotypes that are included in HPV vaccines, but women will continue to develop CIN 2+ and CC due to HR-HPV genotypes that are not included in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV) and 9-valent HPV vaccine (9VHPV). Thus, the current vaccines are likely to decrease but not entirely prevent the development of CIN 2+ or CC. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of CIN 2+ that develop due to HR-HPVs not included in vaccines.
Methods
Study population consisted of 1476 women tested for 37 HPVs and known to be negative for qHPVs (6/11/16/18, group A, n = 811) or 9VHPVs (6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58, group B, n = 331), but positive for other HR-HPVs. Regression models were used to determine the association between plasma concentrations of micronutrients, socio-demographic, lifestyle factors and risk of CIN 2+ due to HR-HPVs that are not included in vaccines.
Results
The prevalence of infections with HPV 31, 33, 35 and 58 that contributed to CIN 2+ differed by race. In group A, African American (AA) women and current smokers were more likely to have CIN 2 (OR = 1.76, P = 0.032 and 1.79, P = 0.016, respectively) while in both groups of A and B, those with higher vitamin B12 were less likely to have similar lesions (OR = 0.62, P = 0.036 and 0.45, P = 0.035, respectively).
Conclusions
We identified vitamin B12 status and smoking as independent modifiable factors and ethnicity as a factor that needs attention to reduce the risk of developing CIN 2+ in the post vaccination era. Continuation of tailored screening programs combined with non-vaccine-based approaches are needed to manage the residual risk of developing HPVrelated CIN 2+ and CC in vaccinated women.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Relationship Between Metal Exposure and HPV Infection: Evidence from Explainable Machine Learning Methods
    Huangyu Hu, Yue Wu, Jiaqi Liu, Min Zhao, Ping Xie
    Biological Trace Element Research.2025; 203(4): 2206.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of an Educational Program on Cervical Cancer Knowledge Among HIV-Positive Women in Bali, Indonesia
    Desak Lestari, Ania Wellere, Ilene Brill, Ni Luh Sari, Pauline Jolly, Chandrika Piyathilake
    International Journal of Women's Health.2024; Volume 16: 1677.     CrossRef
  • 382 View
  • 11 Download
  • 2 Crossref
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[Korean]
Comparison of the Nutrient Intake and Health Status of Elderly Koreans According to their BMI Status: Focus on the Underweight Elderly Population
You-Sin Lee, Yoonna Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2022;27(5):422-434.   Published online October 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2022.27.5.422
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
With an increase in the population of the elderly in Korea, their nutritional status has become a cause for concern. This study was designed to compare the nutritional intake and health status of the Korean elderly according to their body mass index.
Methods
The subjects were 3,274 elderly people aged 65 and above who had participated in the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into four groups: underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, based on their BMI. The general characteristics, daily energy, and nutrient intakes, nutrient intakes compared to the recommended nutrient intake, percentage of participants whose nutrient intake was lower than the estimated average requirement (EAR), index of nutrient quality, the mean adequacy ratio (MAR), intakes by food group, and health status of the four groups were compared.
Results
Underweight elderly people showed lower energy, lipids, dietary fiber, vitamin C, riboflavin, niacin, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium intake and MAR score (P < 0.001) compared to the normal or obese elderly. The mean protein, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, phosphorus, and iron intake of the underweight elderly was lower than the EAR (P < 0.05). Underweight elderly people also had a lower intake of vegetables and fats, oil and sweets food groups than the other groups (P < 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes and dyslipidemia was higher in the obese group, but the percentage of anemia was higher in the underweight group.
Conclusions
Underweight elderly people were vulnerable to undernutrition and were at a higher risk of anemia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effect of physical activity on free fatty acids, insulin resistance, and blood pressure in obese older women
    Woo-Hyeon Son, Min-Seong Ha, Tae-Jin Park
    Physical Activity and Nutrition.2024; 28(2): 1.     CrossRef
  • Determinants of Length of Stay for Medical Inpatients Using Survival Analysis
    Jaekyeong Kim, Haegak Chang, Seiyoung Ryu, Ilyoung Choi, Angela Eunyoung Kwon, Haeyong Ji
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2024; 21(11): 1424.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship of Pork Meat Consumption with Nutrient Intakes, Diet Quality, and Biomarkers of Health Status in Korean Older Adults
    Ah-Jin Jung, Anshul Sharma, Mei Chung, Taylor C. Wallace, Hae-Jeung Lee
    Nutrients.2024; 16(23): 4188.     CrossRef
  • 896 View
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  • 3 Crossref
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[Korean]
Blood Biochemical Characteristics, Dietary Intake, and Risk Factors Related to Poor HbA1c Control in Elderly Korean Diabetes Patients: Comparison between the 4 th (2007-2009) and the 7 th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
Sung-Won Oh, Sook-Bae Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2022;27(5):406-421.   Published online October 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2022.27.5.406
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood biochemical characteristics, comorbidities, dietary intake, and other risk factors leading to poor glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control in elderly Korean diabetes patients over 65 years of age.
Methods
Data from the 4 th (2007-2009) and the 7 th 2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) were used. Socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, region, household income, education level, marital status, nutrition education, diabetes duration and diabetes treatment), lifestyle characteristics (drinking, smoking, regular walking, and subjective health perception), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, and waist circumference), blood biochemical characteristics (HbA1c, high- density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and blood creatinine), co-morbidities (obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and anemia), energy and nutrients intake, food group intake, and HbA1c control-related risk factors were compared.
Results
Compared to the 4 th survey, the 7 th survey showed an increase in diabetes prevalence among men, an increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the older patients, and an increase in the duration of diabetes. The energy ratio from carbohydrate consumption in the 7 th survey was lower than in the 4 th .Compared to the 4 th survey, thiamine and riboflavin intake had improved, and the intakes of vitamin A, vitamin C, and niacin had worsened in the 7 th . A comparison of food group intakes showed that there was a decrease in the consumption of whole grains, potatoes, and milk and an increase in the intake of beverages and alcoholic beverages. The risk factors for poor control of HbA1c were the duration of diabetes and co-morbid hypertriglyceridemia in the 4 th survey, whereas subjective health perception, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia as co-morbidities were found to be risk factors in the 7 th in addition to the risk factors highlighted in the 4 th survey.
Conclusions
For the future management of elderly Korean diabetes patients, greater care is indicated for men over 75 years, and those with low levels of education. It is necessary to increase the intake of milk and vegetables, and reduce the intake of beverages and alcoholic beverages. In addition, it is necessary to reduce the incidence of obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia for proper control of blood sugar.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors Influencing the Dietary Behavior of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study
    Sohyun Jin, Youngshin Song
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2024; 31(1): 80.     CrossRef
  • Association of ultra-processed food with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in elderly populations (urban and rural): a cross-sectional study
    Seung Jae Lee, Mi Sook Cho
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • Consistency of 1-day and 3-day average dietary intake and the relationship of dietary intake with blood glucose, hbA1c, BMI, and lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes
    DaeEun Lee, Haejung Lee, Sangeun Lee, MinJin Lee, Ah Reum Khang
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2023; 25(1): 20.     CrossRef
  • 739 View
  • 32 Download
  • 3 Crossref
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[Korean]
Dietary Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Status in Korean Menopausal Women: Based on the 2016 ~ 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Pil-Sook Park, Mei-Sheng Li, Mi-Yeon Park
Korean J Community Nutr 2021;26(6):482-494.   Published online December 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2021.26.6.482
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study evaluated dietary behavior and nutritional status according to the metabolic syndrome status in Korean menopausal women.
Methods
The subjects were 1,392 menopausal women aged 50 to 64 who took part in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2016 and 2017. Subjects were classified into normal (NOR) group, pre-metabolic syndrome (Pre-MetS) group, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) groups according to the number of metabolic syndrome risk factors present.
Results
The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 33.7%. Using the NOR group as a reference, the odds of belonging to the MetS group in Model 1 adjusted for age were higher at 53% (OR = 1.53, 95% CI:1.011-2.307) for ‘not used’ subjects compared to ‘used’ subjects of the nutrition labeling system. Using the NOR group as a reference, every 1g increase in the intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased the odds of belonging to the MetS group in Model 1 adjusted for age by 3% (MUFA, OR = 0.97, 95% CI:0.946-0.991; PUFA, OR = 0.97, 95% CI:0.942-0.993).
Conclusions
These results suggest that to reduce the number of risk factors of metabolic syndrome in menopausal women, nutritional education should emphasize the adequate intake of riboflavin, unsaturated fatty acids, protein, and calcium, and also encourage the recognition and use of nutritional labeling. Results of this study are expected to be utilized as basic data for the health management of menopausal women.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Cardiocerebrovascular Disease or Fatty Liver Incidence Associated with Pattern of Metabolic Risk Factors and Nutritional Status of Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
    Pil Sook Park, Mei Sheng Li, Chong Yu Ding, Mi Yeon Park
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(2): 165.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship Between the Korean Adults Diet Evaluated Using Dietary Quality Indices and Metabolic Risk Factors: Based on the 2016 ~ 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Chong-Yu Ding, Pil-Sook Park, Mi-Yeon Park
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(3): 223.     CrossRef
  • 435 View
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  • 2 Crossref
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[English]
Comparison of Nutrient Intake between Hypercholesterolemic and Normal groups based on the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Hyun-A Lee, Hyung-Sook Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2020;25(5):396-405.   Published online October 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2020.25.5.396
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study was conducted to compare the nutrient intake of normal healthy adults with those having hypercholesterolemia. Methods We analyzed data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI). A total of 12,636 adults (5,223 males and 7,413 females) aged 19 or older were included in the study. Results Males with hypercholesterolemia were older and had a higher waist circumference, body mass index, fasting blood sugar levels (FBS) and serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations compared to the normal group. Females with hypercholesterolemia were older and had higher FBS levels and serum TG concentrations compared to the normal group. While comparing nutrient intake by the 24-hour recall method, the male normal group showed a higher intake of fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), vitamin A and thiamin compared to the hypercholesterolemic group. However, the male normal group had a lower intake of iron and vitamin C compared to the hypercholesterolemic group. The female normal group had a higher intake of energy, protein, fat, SFA, MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, riboflavin, and niacin compared to the hypercholesterolemic group, but had a lower intake of iron compared to the hypercholesterolemic group. A comparison of nutrient intake by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) showed the following: There was no significant difference in nutrient intake between the normal men and women and those with hypercholesterolemia. After adjustment for confounding factors, nutrient intake by FFQ of the male normal group showed higher levels of n-3 fatty acid and vitamin C compared to the group with hypercholesterolemia. However, there was no significant difference in nutrient intake between the two groups of women. Conclusions The average intake of n-3 fatty acids and vitamin C of the male group with hypercholesterolemia was lower than that of the normal group. However, since KNHANES is a cross-sectional study, prospective cohort studies are required to analyze the risk factors of hypercholesterolemia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Blue Food Consumption and Its Relation to Nutrient Intake among Koreans
    Yonghee Suk, Min June Lee, Sunny Ham
    Nutrients.2024; 16(18): 3128.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of blood biochemical characteristics and dietary intake by sex in gastric cancer patients over 40 years in Korea based on 7th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: a cross-sectional study
    Hyeon-Ju Lee, Sung-Won Oh, Sook-Bae Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(1): 48.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Fruit Consumption and the Korean Healthy Eating Index of Adults Using the 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Sun A Choi, Sung Suk Chung, Jeong Ok Rho
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2021; 50(10): 1124.     CrossRef
  • 317 View
  • 1 Download
  • 3 Crossref
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Original Articles
[English]
Comparison Analysis of Dietary Behavior and Nutrient Intakes of the Elderly according to Their Family Status: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2016
Ji Hong Oh, Bok Mi Jung
Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(4):309-320.   Published online August 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.4.309
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
This study was undertaken to compare dietary life of the elderly living alone and in a family, and to compare differences based on gender, for the 2013-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
METHODS
The subjects included 2,612 elderly people aged over 65 years who participated in the health survey, health examination and nutrition survey. Subjects on a diet therapy were excluded. This study analyzed the general characteristics, dietary habits, daily energy and nutrient intakes, CPF ratio, estimated average requirement (EAR), nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR), index of nutrient quality (INQ), and food consumption of the elderly living alone and in a family. We also compared the differences based on gender.
RESULTS
Daily intake of food, water, dietary fiber, potassium, retinol, and riboflavin were low in the male elderly subjects living alone. The elderly living with family revealed higher NAR and MAR as compared to the elderly living alone. Although all MAR values were <1, the elderly living alone had lower values. Considering the intake of food, the consumption of seaweed, fish and shellfish, and oils (animal) was higher in elderly men living with families, whereas women living with families consumed more vegetables, fruits, seaweeds and seafood, as compared to their counterparts living alone. Furthermore, analyzing the foods consumed by the elderly people living alone, female subjects consumed more seaweed, milk and animal oil as compared to male subjects.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study indicate that the elderly living alone have poor nutrient intake as compared to the elderly living with families. Based on this research data, we recommend that it is necessary to improve the health and nutritional status of the elderly living alone.

Citations

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  • Food insecurity and its associated characteristics of the elderly in Seoul: analysis of the data from the Seoul Food Survey 2023
    Hyunjeong Park, Youngmin Nam, Linxi Huang, Youngmi Lee, Jihyun Yoon
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2025; 19(1): 117.     CrossRef
  • Profiling the socioeconomic characteristics, dietary intake, and health status of Korean older adults for nutrition plan customization: a comparison of principal component, factor, and cluster analyses
    Kyungsook Woo, Kirang Kim
    Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024043.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation on the Nutrition Quotient Scores of Elderly People Living Alone in Korea
    Gyoungok Gang, Min Lee, Eun-hui Choi, Hye-Lim Lee, Hyun-Young Lee, Hye-Ja Chang, Jung-Hwa Choi, Na-Young Yi, Kyung-Eun Lee, Min-Jae Chung, Tong-Kyung Kwak
    Nutrients.2023; 15(17): 3750.     CrossRef
  • Changes in nutritional status of Korean older adults during COVID-19 Pandemic by household income and demographic factors-using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2019-2020): a cross-sectional study
    You-Sin Lee, Yoonna Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(4): 302.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the Nutrient Intake and Health Status of Elderly Koreans According to their BMI Status: Focus on the Underweight Elderly Population
    You-Sin Lee, Yoonna Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(5): 422.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the health and nutritional status of Korean elderly considering the household income level, using the 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Jin Mo Khil
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • Social participation, health‐related behavior, and depression of older adults living alone in Korea
    Seojin Won, Hyemee Kim
    Asian Social Work and Policy Review.2020; 14(1): 61.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the dietary quality and nutritional status of elderly people using the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E) in Seoul
    Sun-Wook Ham, Kyung-Hee Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(1): 68.     CrossRef
  • Health and Nutrition Status of Elderly People with Multimorbidity: A Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013~2015)
    Na-Gyeong Oh, Jung-Sook Seo
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(6): 502.     CrossRef
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  • 9 Crossref
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[English]
Evaluation of the Nutrition Status and Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence of the Members according to the Number of Household Members based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2014)
Jin Young Lee, Soo Kyong Choi, Jung Sook Seo
Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(3):232-244.   Published online June 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.3.232
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the nutritional status and prevalence of metabolic syndrome of the people who participated in the KNHANES according to the number of household members. They were assessed by using information from the 2013~2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
METHODS
A total of 6,088 persons aged 19 years and over participated in 2013~2014 KNHANES, and they were classified into three groups according to the number of household members (single-person, two-person, three-person & over). The dietary behavior, nutritional status, health-related factors and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome of the subjects were investigated with using information from the survey questionnaires of KNHANES. The nutrient intake data of the subjects were obtained by the 24-hour recall method and this was analyzed for evaluating the nutrition adequacy ratio and the index of nutritional quality. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the subjects, and according to the study groups, was estimated using the blood and physical measurement data of the subjects.
RESULTS
As for EQ-5D index available for all the health states generated by the EQ-5D descriptive system, the single-person household member was the lowest among all the household types. The index of nutrition quality for protein, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin and vitamin C in the single-person household was lower than that of the two-person or the three-person and over households (p<0.001). The mean adequacy ratio of single-person households was significantly decreased compared with that of the other types of households (p<0.001). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in the single-person households than that in the multiple-person households (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
These results showed that dietary behaviors, nutrition status and health status might be influenced by the number of household members. The results from this study would be useful for improving Korean people's dietary life and health status by implementing evidence-based, specialized intervention for the members of diverse types of households.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Dietary Behaviors and Health Status by Income Level in Single-Adult Households in Korea: An Analysis of Data From the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Min-Hee Han, Bok-Mi Jung, Mi-Kyeong Choi
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2025; 14(1): 55.     CrossRef
  • Understanding the charactersitics and types of single-person households based on food purchase frequencies in Korea: a cross-sectional study using the 2023 Consumer Behavior Survey for Foods
    So-Yun Kim, Youngmin Nam, Jong-Youn Rha, Haerang Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2025; 30(1): 27.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Food and Nutrient Intake according to the Income Level in Korean Adult Single-Person Households: Using Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018)
    Min-Hee Han, Bok-Mi Jung
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2024; 35(3): 445.     CrossRef
  • Higher Animal-Based Protein Intake Levels Show a Greater Likelihood of Having Metabolic Syndrome in Single-Person Households Among Korean Adults
    Yeongin Lee, Hyojee Joung
    Nutrients.2024; 16(23): 4239.     CrossRef
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    EunJung Lee, Ji-Myung Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(2): 316.     CrossRef
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    Meera Kim
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2023; 52(4): 414.     CrossRef
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    Se-Eun Kim, Min-Seo Park, Hyun-Joo Bae
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2022; 55(5): 587.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of Nutrient Intake and Dietary Quality of Korean Adults in Metabolic Syndrome Patients According to Taking Medical Care: Based on the 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Juhee Lee, Kyungsuk Choi
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(4): 321.     CrossRef
  • Relationships of Dietary Factors with Obesity, Hypertension, and Diabetes by Regional Type among Single-Person Households in Korea
    Kyung Won Lee, Dayeon Shin
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    Doreen Liou, Jessica A. Karasik
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(17): 9322.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between Meal Regularity and Oral Health and Metabolic Syndrome of Adults in Single Korean Households
    Jin-Ah Jung, Hye-Won Cheon, On-Ju Ju
    Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2021; 21(3): 185.     CrossRef
  • Association of Household Income Level with Vitamin and Mineral Intake
    Haegyu Oh, Juyeon Kim, Yune Huh, Seung Hoon Kim, Sung-In Jang
    Nutrients.2021; 14(1): 38.     CrossRef
  • Nutritional status and metabolic syndrome risk according to the dietary pattern of adult single-person household, based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Yu Been Keum, Qi Ming Yu, Jung-Sook Seo
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(1): 23.     CrossRef
  • Home Meal Replacement Use and Eating Habits of Adults in One-Person Households
    Mi-Kyeong Choi, Eun-Sun Park, Mi-Hyun Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(6): 476.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Dietary Behavior of Eating Alone in Single Households by Status of Workers and Age
    Pil Kyoo Jo, Yu Jin Oh
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(5): 408.     CrossRef
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[English]
Daily Water Consumption and its Contribution to Calcium Intake in Korean Adults
Eun Sun Park, Yeon Kyung Lee, Mi Hyun Kim, Mi Kyeong Choi
Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(1):18-23.   Published online February 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.1.18
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
Although water is essential for life and can supply essential minerals, studies that evaluate calcium intake through drinking water are limited. The aim of this study was to assess calcium contents of natural mineral water (NMW) and its possible contribution to calcium intake in healthy adults.
METHODS
This study examined water consumption in 640 Korean adults with selfselected diet, analyzed the calcium content of 10 different brands of bottled NMWs sold in Korea, and assessed the amount of calcium intake from drinking water and its daily contribution to the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of calcium.
RESULTS
Mean calcium content in 10 bottled NMWs was 20.9 mg/l. Daily water intakes from food composition database and calculated using energy intake based on 0.53 ml/kcal were 957.2 ml and 1109.8 ml for men and 848.3 ml and 951.6 ml for women, respectively, with a significant difference by gender (p < 0.001). Daily drinking water intake was significantly higher among men than women (1203.9 ml vs. 1004.3 ml, respectively, p < 0.001). Daily calcium intakes from foods were 564.0 mg for men and 534.2 mg for women. Daily possible calcium intakes from drinking bottled water were 25.2 mg for men and 21.0 mg for women (p < 0.001). The contribution of daily calcium intake from drinking bottled water to RNI of calcium was 3.3% for men and 2.9% for women without significant difference.
CONCLUSIONS
One half of the daily total water intake was consumed as drinking water, and possible calcium intake through drinking water was about 3% of RNI.

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  • Assessing contribution of bottled water in nutrient absorption using the bottled water nutritional quality index (BWNQI) in Iran
    Masoomeh Askari, Reza Saeedi, Ramin Nabizadeh, Ahmad Zarei, Maryam Ghani, Marzieh Ehsani, Mahmood Alimohammadi, Mehrnoosh Abtahi
    Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Variability of urinary creatinine, specific gravity, and osmolality over the course of pregnancy: Implications in exposure assessment among pregnant women
    Gowoon Lee, Sunmi Kim, Hyunwoong Park, Jeonghwan Lee, Jung Pyo Lee, Younglim Kho, Gyuyeon Choi, Jiwon Park, Suwalee Worakhunpiset, Hyo-Bang Moon, Kyungho Choi
    Environmental Research.2021; 198: 110473.     CrossRef
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[English]
Development of 9(th) Revision Korean Food Composition Table and Its Major Changes
Su Hui Park, Se Na Kim, Sang Hoon Lee, Jeong Sook Choe, Youngmin Choi
Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(4):352-365.   Published online August 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.4.352
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
The Korean Food Composition Table (KFCT) was first published in 1970, and has since been updated every five years by the Rural Development Administration (RDA). This study was conducted to introduce the development strategies, features, and challenges of the 9th revision of the KFCT.
METHODS
Due to the increasing demands of nutrient database users and generators, the RDA started a new research project in 2013 to improve the quantity and quality of data for the 9th revision of the KFCT. Over 1,000 food items frequently consumed in Korea were selected as key foods using the results of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. About 200 raw materials and processed food items were collected and analyzed every year. Target nutrients that were analyzed by collaborative labs, such as, sugars, selenium, iodine, and biotin, were increased from 22 to 43. Analytical sample handling procedures and data quality evaluation systems were also established in collaboration with 10 contracted labs. Data were evaluated for data quality according to the FAO/INFOODS, CODEX, and AOAC guidelines.
RESULTS
The 9th revision contains data on 3,000 food items and up to 43 and 140 food nutrients for the printed table and the excel database file, respectively. Overall, 1,485 data items were newly added, 973 of which were provided by the RDA and 512 were cited from foreign nutrient databases. The remaining 1,515 food items were maintained as in the 8th revision.
CONCLUSIONS
The KFCT provides the basic infrastructure for food and nutrition policy, research, and dietary practice in South Korea. The use of the KFCT has increased exponentially in the past few years in both public and private sectors; accordingly, increased efforts should be paid to the preparation, improvement, and maintenance of KFCT.

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  • Impact of energy intake on the association between protein intake and the prevalence of frailty in older Korean adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014–2018
    Seokju Kang, Youri Jin, Yongsoon Park
    The Journal of nutrition, health and aging.2025; 29(4): 100518.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between urinary sodium excretion and bone mineral density in pediatrics: population-based study from KNHANES V 2010–2011
    In Kyung Lee, Yoo Mi Kim, Han Hyuk Lim
    Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 37(6): 553.     CrossRef
  • Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure Adherence to a Mediterranean-Type Diet in Youth
    Yu-Jin Kwon, Young-Hwan Park, Yae-Ji Lee, Li-Rang Lim, Ji-Won Lee
    Nutrients.2024; 16(16): 2754.     CrossRef
  • Nutrition survey methods and food composition database update of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
    Seon-Joo Park, Jieun Lyu, Kyoungho Lee, Hae-Jeung Lee, Hyun-Young Park
    Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024042.     CrossRef
  • Fruits and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Cohort
    Hojun Yu, Cheol Min Lee, Seung-Won Oh
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2024; 45(1): 44.     CrossRef
  • Ultra-Processed Food Intakes Are Associated with Depression in the General Population: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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    Nutrients.2023; 15(9): 2169.     CrossRef
  • Analyzing the Sugar Components of Domestic Agricultural Products for Establishing the National Standard Food Composition Data-Base
    Eun-Ha Jang, Ki-Yeon Lee, Kyung-Dae Kim, Jae-Hee Lee, Ji-Sun Park, Jae-Gil Lim, Jin-Kwan Ham, Jin-Ju Park
    Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2023; 33(1): 71.     CrossRef
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    Taesic Lee, Tae-Ha Chung
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    Hyowon Choi, Hunju Lee, Yeon-Soon Ahn
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(6): 533.     CrossRef
  • Intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish associated with prevalence of low lean mass and muscle mass among older women: Analysis of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2011
    Yeji Kim, Yongsoon Park
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of Protein Intake with Handgrip Strength and Its Relation to Strength Exercise in Korean Adults Aged over 60 Years in the KNHANES (2014-18)
    Eun Young Choi
    Nutrients.2023; 15(4): 1014.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Vitamin K Content in Commonly Consumed Foods in Korea
    Seungjun Lee, Youngmin Choi, Minjoo Gu, Seungjoo Baik, Jeehye Sung, Heon Sang Jeong, Junsoo Lee
    Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2022; 51(12): 1272.     CrossRef
  • The association between fruit and vegetable consumption and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: does multivitamin use matter?
    Jihae Kim, Li-Juan Tan, Hyein Jung, Yumi Roh, Kyungjoon Lim, Sangah Shin
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    Doyeon Han, Minsung Chung, Yongsoon Park
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    Nutrients.2021; 13(12): 4206.     CrossRef
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    You Joung Heo, Yun Jeong Lee, Kyunghoon Lee, Jae Hyun Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Young Ah Lee, Junghan Song, Dengshun Miao
    PLOS ONE.2021; 16(10): e0258585.     CrossRef
  • Association of Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity with Bone Mass and Osteoporosis Risk in Korean Women: Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011
    Donghyun Kim, Anna Han, Yongsoon Park
    Nutrients.2021; 13(4): 1149.     CrossRef
  • Association between Iron Intake and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: Significance of Iron Intake and the Ratio between Iron Intake and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake
    Kyuho Kim, YoonJu Song, Tae Jung Oh, Sung Hee Choi, Hak Chul Jang
    Nutrients.2020; 12(11): 3365.     CrossRef
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    Yunkoo Kang, Jieun Kim, Do-Yeon Kim, Seung Kim, Sowon Park, Hyunjung Lim, Hong Koh
    Nutrients.2020; 12(10): 3048.     CrossRef
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    Frontiers in Nutrition.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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[English]
Representative Nutrients Contents and Nutritional Adequacy Evaluation of Single-Dish Meal for Middle School Students
Gisun Lee, Youngnam Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(2):93-101.   Published online April 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.2.93
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
With the increasing number of single households and so-called Honbab-jok, those who eat alone, people tend to enjoy convenient and simple meals, such as single dish meals. This study was performed to provide data on the energy and nutrient content, and nutritional adequacy of single-dish meal.
METHODS
From the literature reviews, 61 types of single-dish meals were selected, and divided into 4 groups (steamed rice, noodle, porridge, and sandwich·burger), and a further 11 sub-groups (bibimbab, fried rice, topped rice, rolled rice/warm noodle, cold noodle, seasoned noodle, dukgook/porridge/, and sandwich, burger). In addition, 382 junior high school students from Gyeonggi, Sejong, Jeonbuk, and Chungnam areas were recruited for the survey. The survey questionnaires were composed of the characteristics, preference, and intake frequency of single-dish meals. The representative energy content (arithmetic mean) of single-dish meals were calculated, and compared with the energy contents of preference and intake frequency-weighted values adjusted. The representative nutrient contents, energy contribution ratio, and INQ (index of nutritional quality) of a single-dish meal were calculated for a nutritional adequacy evaluation.
RESULTS
The study subjects considered a single-dish meal as tasty, simple and fast to prepare, inexpensive, nutritious, and no low calorie food. The preference scores of all but 1 sub-group of single-dish meals were ≥ 5.00 (5.00~5.97), and 1 sub-group (porridge) was 4.67 on a 7-point scale. The intake frequency of 11 sub-groups were 0.31~1.71/week, porridge was the lowest at 0.31 and warm noodles was the highest at 1.71. Fried rice, rolled rice, and warm noodle' intake frequency were ≥ 1/week. The representative energy of steamed rice, noodle, sandwich·burger were 443, 429, and 428 kcal, respectively, and that of porridge was 264 kcal. Less than 5% differences in the representative energy of 4 groups were observed when adjusted for the preference or intake frequency-weighted values. The energy contribution ratio of macro-nutrients calculations showed that porridge was a high carbohydrate and low fat food, whereas sandwich·burger were high fat and low carbohydrate foods. The INQ of calcium and vitamin C were less than 1.0 in all 4 food groups, but the INQ of protein and thiamin were > 1.0 in all 4 single-dish food groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The representative energy in the 4 groups of single-dish meal was 264~450 kcal, which is a rather low calorie meal, and the energy contribution ratio of macro-nutrients were inadequate. The protein and thiamin levels were sufficient but the calcium and vitamin C levels were insufficient in all 4 groups of a single-dish meal judged by the INQ. The additional intake of fruits and milk·dairy products between meals with a single-dish meal, supply of calcium and vitamin C may increase, which will result in an improved nutritional balance.
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[English]
Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Young Women according to Breakfast Frequency in Seoul
Da Mee Kim, Youl Ri Kim, Kyung Hee Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(2):102-115.   Published online April 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.2.102
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
Although breakfast is important to nutrition balance, prevention of overeating, and weight control, people in their 20s (males: 55.1%, females: 49.9%) were reported to have the highest rate of skipping breakfast in 2016 Korea Health Statistics. This study aims to examine dietary habits and nutrient intake depending on breakfast frequency among young women in Seoul.
METHODS
The subjects were 655 young women in Seoul from August to October 2016, and the survey was performed by using a questionnaire that included general characteristics, dietary habits, and eating behavior. Body composition was determined by bioelectric impedance analysis. Nutritional status was examined by the 24-hour recall method.
RESULTS
The participants were classified by breakfast intake frequency; ‘≥ 5 times/week (n=160)’, ‘1–4 times/week (n=327)’, and ‘breakfast skipping (n=168)’. The ‘breakfast skipping’ group had lower frequency and regularity of meals. In addition, the ‘breakfast skipping’ group had a higher frequency of eating-out and late-night meals. There was no difference in total calories between the ‘breakfast skipping’ group and other groups, but the ‘breakfast skipping’ group had significantly low carbohydrate and fiber intakes. The participants showed lower intakes of calories, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin, folic acid, calcium, potassium, and zinc in comparison with recommended intakes. Especially, the ‘breakfast skipping’ group had significantly lower fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, potassium levels compared to the ‘≥ 5 times/week’ group. For Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), the ‘breakfast skipping’ group recorded a ratio of 0.60, which was lower than those of other groups. Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) including fiber, vitamin C, calcium and phosphorus were significantly lower in the breakfast skipper group, compared to the breakfast eater group.
CONCLUSIONS
The ‘breakfast skipping’ group showed low regularity of meals and a high frequency of eating-out and late-night meals. The breakfast regular eater group showed high intake of micronutrients and quality of meals was high in general. Skipping breakfast could lower nutrient intake and quality of meals, which requires attention.

Citations

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  • Attributes of multiple concurrent functional gastrointestinal disorders in female university students in South Korea
    Hyo Kyung Kim, Hyunjung Kim, Aram Lee
    Women & Health.2024; 64(8): 674.     CrossRef
  • Beliefs, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and eating behaviors according to the breakfast frequency among female university students in South Korea
    Hye Jin Kim, Kyung Won Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(6): 1170.     CrossRef
  • Revision of Nutrition Quotient for Korean adults: NQ-2021
    Sung-Min Yook, Young-Suk Lim, Jung-Sug Lee, Ki-Nam Kim, Hyo-Jeong Hwang, Sehyug Kwon, Ji-Yun Hwang, Hye-Young Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2022; 55(2): 278.     CrossRef
  • Association between Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and Dietary Quality using Nutritional Quotient among Adults in Daegu, Korea
    Kilye Kim, Yeon-Kyung Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(5): 350.     CrossRef
  • Dietary Life of Chinese International Students according to the Frequency of University Foodservice Use in Korea
    Yan Cui, Hye-Jong Yoo, Injoo Choi, Jihyun Yoon
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(4): 291.     CrossRef
  • Development of Nutrition Quotient for Korean adults: item selection and validation of factor structure
    Jung-Sug Lee, Hye-Young Kim, Ji-Yun Hwang, Sehyug Kwon, Hae Rang Chung, Tong-Kyung Kwak, Myung-Hee Kang, Young-Sun Choi
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2018; 51(4): 340.     CrossRef
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[English]
Nutrient Intakes of Male College Combat Sport Athletes by Weight Control Status
Ji Yeon Kim, Ji Seon Lee, Seong Suk Cho, Hyon Park, Kyung Won Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(6):495-506.   Published online December 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.6.495
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
Weight control practices are common in combat sport athletes. This study was performed to examine nutrient intakes of male college combat sport athletes (taekwondo, boxing, judo) by weight control (WC) status.
METHODS
Subjects were male combat sport athletes (n=90) from colleges in Gyeonggi Province. Survey was conducted during 2016. Questionnaire included general characteristics, weight control, and dietary intakes during the period of training, weight control, weigh-in ~ before competition and between competitions. Subjects were grouped into high- and normal WC groups. T-test, χ²-test, Fisher's exact test and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
During training, energy intake was 75.4% of EER and C:P:F ratio was 57.5:13.9:28.7. Iron and zinc intakes were different by WC groups (p<0.05). During weight control, energy intake was 44.7% of EER in normal WC and 30.5% in high WC group (p<0.05). C:P:F ratio was 69:11.1:19.5, and ratio from protein and fat was lower in the high WC group (p<0.05). Most nutrient intakes during weight control were less than 50% of 2015 KDRIs (RNI or AI), and intakes including thiamin (p<0.01), vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, folate, calcium, potassium and zinc (p<0.05) were significantly lower in the high WC. Energy intake after weighing before the competition was 1,315 kcal, and energy (kcal/kg BW, p<0.05) and carbohydrate intakes (g/kg BW, p<0.01) were significantly higher in the high WC group. Energy intake between competitions was 691.1 kcal, with no difference by the WC group.
CONCLUSIONS
Nutrients intakes of combat sport athletes were inadequate. Dietary intakes during weight control were much below than the KDRIs, especially in the high WC group. It is needed to develop nutrition education programs for combat sport athletes to avoid severe energy restrictions and to apply specific dietary guides to each period of training and weight control.

Citations

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  • Weight control practices, beliefs, self-efficacy, and eating behaviors in college weight class athletes
    Ji Seon Lee, Seong Suk Cho, Kyung Won Kim
    Nutrition Research and Practice.2020; 14(1): 45.     CrossRef
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[English]
Metabolic Syndrome Status of Chinese Workers and Their Physical Profiles, Lifestyle Scores, and Nutrient Intakes
Chao Wang, Hokyung Ryu
Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(1):63-73.   Published online February 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.1.63
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to survey the related factors of metabolic syndrome of Chinese workers aged 20 years and above.
METHODS
The study was conducted at three locations in Shandong, China, currently working and took the physical examination (PE) within one year in the area as target participants. Personal characteristics, physical and biochemical results based on the PE, lifestyle habits, and food intake of the participants were used to analyze the relationship with metabolic syndrome.
RESULTS
Results showed that overall, thirty-one subjects (22.5%) had metabolic syndrome, twenty males (32.7%) and eleven females (14.2%). Metabolic syndrome was related to age, gender, educational level and occupational type with more risk in male (P < 0.05), people of older age (P < 0.001), low educational level (P < 0.05) and nonoffice workers (P < 0.01). According to the life style scores, lifestyle evaluation showed specifically alcohol consumption and smoking (P < 0.001) and stress management (P < 0.05) as important factors that were associated with the metabolic syndrome. High calorie (P < 0.01) and carbohydrate (P < 0.01) intakes were observed on male participants with metabolic syndrome in comparison to the non-metabolic syndrome but no significant difference on female participants.
CONCLUSIONS
This results of this study can be used as significant supporting data to prevent and control metabolic syndrome in Chinese workers.
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[English]
The Nutrient Intakes and their Relationships with the Use of Diuretics, Symptom Severity and Physical Functioning in Heart Failure Patients
Jun Hee Jang, Haejung Lee, Youngjoo Park, Kook Jin Chun, Jong Hyun Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(2):190-199.   Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.2.190
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in nutrient intake according to using diuretics, symptom severity and degree of physical functioning in heart failure patients.
METHODS
A secondary data analysis was conducted by using baseline data of an intervention study for heart failure patients. In this study, 131 heart failure patients were included. Data were collected using medical records, NYHA (New York Heart Association functional classification) class, and 6-minute-walking test and 24-hour diet recall. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test by SPSS 21.0. Nutrient intake was assessed using CAN-pro 2.0.
RESULTS
Majority of the participants consumed total calorie less than Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) and consumed carbohydrates more than 65% of their total calorie intakes. 24.4% of the participants consumed fat more than 30% of their total calorie intakes and 23.7% consumed saturated fat more than 7% of their total calorie intakes. 100.0% of the participants consumed protein less than 7% of their total calorie intakes and 73.3% of the participants consumed more than recommended intakes of sodium. More than 90.0% of the participants consumed less than adequate intakes of potassium (90.1%) and Vitamin D (91.6%), respectively. 100% and 62.6% of the participants consumed less than Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of magnesium and Vitamin B1, respectively. Nutrient intakes in heart failure patients were different for potassium intake according to the usage of diuretics. The participants with symptom severity tended to intake protein less properly and the participants walking more than 300.0 m tended to intake sodium improperly high.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study indicated the need for screening nutrient intakes of heart failure patients. It is necessary to increase the intake of total calories and most nutrients and to restrict sodium intakes among heart failure patients.

Citations

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  • Nutrition Intervention Process for Heart Failure Patients according to Their Nutritional Problems
    Hosun Lee, Suk Yong Jeong, Hae Ryeon Choi, Seok-Min Kang
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2021; 10(2): 172.     CrossRef
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[English]
Thermic Effect of Food, Macronutrient Oxidation Rate and Satiety of Medium-chain Triglyceride
Hee Ryoung Son, Myung Ju Lee, Eun Kyung Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(6):468-478.   Published online December 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.6.468
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermic effects, the macronutrient oxidation rates and the satiety of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT).
METHODS
The thermic effects of two meals containing MCT or long-chain triglycerides (LCT) were compared in ten healthy men (mean age 24.4 +/- 2.9 years). Energy content of the meal was 30% of resting metabolic rate of each subject. Metabolic rate and macronutrient oxidation rate were measured before the meals and for 6 hours after the meals by indirect calorimetry. Satiety was estimated by using visual analogue scales (VAS) at 8 times (before the meal and for 6 hours after meal).
RESULTS
Total thermic effect of MCT meal (42.8 kcal, 8.0% of energy intake) was significantly higher than that (26.8 kcal, 5.1% of energy intake) of the LCT meal. Mean postprandial oxygen consumption was also significantly different between the two types of meals (MCT meal: 0.29 +/- 0.35 L/min, LCT meal: 0.28 +/- 0.27 L/min). There were no significant differences in total postprandial carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates between the two meals. However, from 30 to 120 minutes after consumption of meals, the fat oxidation rate of MCT meal was significantly higher than that of the LCT meal. Comparison of satiety values (hunger, fullness and appetite) between the two meals showed that MCT meal maintained satiety for a longer time than the LCT meal.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed the possibility that long-term substitution of MCT for LCT would produce weight loss if energy intake remained constant.
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[English]
Socio-demographic Characteristics, Nutrient Intakes and Mental Health Status of Older Korean Adults depending on Household Food Security: Based on the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Yoon Jung Yang
Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(1):30-40.   Published online February 28, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.1.30
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to investigate the associations of food security with socio-demographic characteristics, nutrient intakes and mental health status among older Korean adults.
METHODS
This study was conducted using data from the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Subjects were 4,451 adults aged 65~98 years. Food security was measured using a self-reported question on food sufficiency of subjects' household. Based on the answers, study subjects were classified into secure, mildly insecure, moderately insecure, and severely insecure groups. Dietary intake was estimated by 24-hour dietary recall. Nutrient intake was assessed by dietary reference intakes (DRI). As for mental health status, the data on mental stress, depression, and suicide ideation were used.
RESULTS
Rate of food insecurity in older adults was 14.3%. Old age, being female, low education, low income level, living alone, and discomfort in daily living were more related to food insecurity. Means of nutrient intakes were significantly different according to food security status. Intakes of calcium, potassium, and vitamin B2 were lower than recommended intakes in all groups. Consumption amounts of soy and soybean products, vegetables, mushrooms, fruits, vegetable oils, meats, eggs, seafood, and dairy products were lower in food insecure groups. Mental stress, depression, and suicide ideation were higher in food insecure groups independent of the gender and income level.
CONCLUSIONS
These present findings suggested that food security is related to mental health as well as nutrition status in older Korean adults. A national system that include food and psychosocial support programs for the elderly should be considered in order to improve the overall health of older Korean adults.

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    지수 백, 영란 허
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    Muhammad T, KM Sulaiman, Drishti Drishti, Shobhit Srivastava
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    T. Muhammad, Priya Saravanakumar, Abhishek Sharma, Shobhit Srivastava, C.V. Irshad
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    Jussara Maysa Campos, Rita de Cássia Coelho de Almeida Akutsu, Izabel Cristina Rodrigues Silva, Karin Savio Oliveira, Renata Monteiro
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    Jiyoun Hong, Taisun Hyun
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    Cindy W. Leung, June M. Tester
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    Ajung Bae, Jihyun Yoon, Soh-Yoon Yun, Kana Asano
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(1): 104.     CrossRef
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    Ajung Bae, Jihyun Yoon, Soh-Yoon Yun, Kana Asano
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(1): 104.     CrossRef
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    Jae Eun Shim, Seo-jin Kim, Kirang Kim, Ji-Yun Hwang
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    Mariam Nakitto, Kana Asano, Injoo Choi, Jihyun Yoon
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[English]
Analysis of Bone Mineral Density, Biochemical Index and Nutrient Intakes of 30-70 Years Old Women: Based on 2011 KNHANES
Jae Ok Koo, Myung Sook Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(4):328-341.   Published online August 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.4.328
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to investigate bone mineral density (BMD), blood pressure, age and biochemical index and nutrient intakes, and to analyze the relationship between BMD, blood pressure, biochemical index, nutrient intakes of Korean women.
METHODS
The study subjects were 499 women with a age range of 30-79 years living in Seoul and Kyunggi area who participated in 2011 KNHANES. The study subjects were divided into 5 age groups: 30 years (145), 40 years (110), 50 years (102), 60 years (85) and 70 years (57), and 3 BMD groups: normal 258 (50.4%), osteopenia 163 (32.9%) and osteoporosis 78 (16.7%).
RESULTS
The average waist circumference, BMI and body fat increased with age, but fat free mass decreased with age. Average BMD and T-score was decreased from 0.84, 0.74 g/cm2 in 30 years to 0.05, -1.05 g/cm2 in 70 years. The rates of osteopenia and osteoporosis increased significantly 22% in 30~40 years, 47% in 50 years and 56% in 60~70 years. Systolic blood pressure and cholesterol were significantly increased with age. The rates of hypertension was significantly increased 2.1% in 30 years, 30.4% in 50 years 89.5% in 70 years. Average nutrient intakes such as protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A and C were significantly decreased with age. There were significant negative correlations between age and calcium, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we found the risk of osteoporosis and hypertension were significantly increase with over 50 years age. Calcium and protein intake decreased with age. Therefore, in order to prevent osteoporosis and hypertension, adult women need to be educated regarding the importance of protein, calcium and other nutrients in their diet.

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  • Association between dietary intake, body measurements, and urinary bone resorption markers in young adults with osteopenia and osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study
    Mi-Hyun Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2023; 28(4): 282.     CrossRef
  • Dietary behaviors and nutritional status according to the bone mineral density status among adult female North Korean refugees in South Korea
    Su-Hyeon Kim, Soo-Kyung Lee, Sin-Gon Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(5): 449.     CrossRef
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[English]
A Study on Food Habits and Nutrient Intakes according to BMI in Food and Nutrition Major and Non-major Female Students in Kyungnam University
Eun Hee Seo
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(4):297-316.   Published online August 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.4.297
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to investigate the body image, food habits, nutrition knowledge, food intake frequency, nutrient intakes of female university students in Masan.
METHODS
Two groups (n = 302, nutrition major: 147, non-major: 155) were classified into underweight, normal weight and overweight/obesity groups according to BMI respectively.
RESULTS
Height and weight of all subjects were 161.5 cm, 53.2 kg and were 161.5 cm, 55.1 kg, 161.5 cm, 51.3 kg in major and non-major female students, respectively. The BMI and body weight were significantly different (p < 0.001). Significantly higher proportions of underweight students in both study groups had perceived as 'normal' or 'fat' (p < 0.001). Higher proportion of the subjects skipped breakfast and main reason was no time to eat. Nutrition knowledge score was significantly higher in major than in non-major subjects (p < 0.001). Fish intake frequency score was significantly higher in non-majors, while the vegetable intake frequency score was significantly higher in majors. Nutrient intakes were significantly higher the majors compared to non-majors, particularly the intake of calcium (p < 0.05), zinc (p < 0.001), vitamin C (p < 0.001) and vitamin E (p < 0.01). Subjects in both groups did not have adequate nutrient intakes compared to KDRIs. BMI showed a positive correlation with body image, body weight and nutrition knowledge score (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that systematic nutrition education program which can be applied in real life is important for the formation of correct choices of food and good eating habits.

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  • Dietary life and mukbang- and cookbang-watching status of university students majoring in food and nutrition before and after COVID-19 outbreak
    Hyunjoo Kang, Sowon Yun, Hongmie Lee
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(1): 104.     CrossRef
  • Relationship among the use of food-related content, dietary behaviors, and dietary self-efficacy of high school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas
    Min-Hwan Oh, Kyungeui Hong, Sung-Eun Kim
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(3): 297.     CrossRef
  • Survey on Health Status and Food Habits of Male College Students in Wonju Area According to Drinking Behavior
    Seung-Lim Lee
    Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2016; 22(1): 41.     CrossRef
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    Seok-Young Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(2): 131.     CrossRef
  • Health-related Factors, Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Habits among Nursing and Allied Health College Students
    Su Ol Kim
    Journal of the Korean Society of School Health.2015; 28(3): 158.     CrossRef
  • Nutrition Knowledge, Food Habit Problems and Dietary Attitudes of Nursing Students
    Su-Ol Kim, So-Myeong Kim
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2015; 21(4): 466.     CrossRef
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    Chae-Jeong Han
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    Seung Lim Lee, Sun Hee Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(2): 96.     CrossRef
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[English]
Association of Whole Grain Consumption with Nutrient Intakes and Metabolic Risk Factors in Generally Healthy Korean Middle-Aged Women
Ye Jin Kim, Jin Hee Yum, Seungmin Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(2):176-186.   Published online April 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.176
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
Epidemiological studies have suggested that a higher consumption of whole grain foods can significantly reduce the risk of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity. The objective of the current study was to examine associations among the consumption of whole grains and nutrient intakes and biochemical indicators associated with chronic diseases among generally healthy middle-aged Korean women.
METHODS
Using 24-hour recall data from the 2008-2009 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, whole grain intake (g/day) was calculated for a total of generally healthy 1,953 subjects. The subjects were divided into three groups by the level of whole grain consumption (0 g/day, > 0 and < 20 g/day or > or = 20 g/day). Mean values or proportions of various nutrient intakes and metabolic risk factors were compared according to the level of whole grain consumption. All statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software version 9.2.
RESULTS
We observed that the overall consumption of whole grains was quite low. Specifically, 58.2% of subjects reported no whole grain consumption on the day of the survey, and the mean whole grain intake was only 15.3 g/day. The whole grain consumption was positively associated with intakes of various macro and micronutrients, namely, plant proteins and fats, dietary fiber, calcium, plant iron, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, beta-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6 and folic acid. In addition, we found significantly decreasing trends in abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia as whole grain intake levels increase.
CONCLUSIONS
The study findings suggested the importance of promoting whole grain consumption as an efficient tool for improving various dietary aspects and preventing chronic diseases.
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[English]
Dietary Intake Status among Korean Female Breast Cancer Survivors
Myungsook Park, Eunkyung Hwang, Hyeong Gon Moon, Dong Young Noh, Jung Eun Lee
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(2):163-175.   Published online April 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.163
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to evaluate dietary intake among female breast cancer survivors in a cross-sectional study.
METHODS
A total of 127 women who had breast cancer surgery at least 6 months before baseline were included. Dietary intake of female breast cancer survivors was assessed through self-reported 3 day-dietary records. To compare dietary intake between breast cancer survivors and general female population without cancer, we selected the 1:4 age matched women from the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). In the KNHANES, participants were asked about their dietary intake using the 24-hour dietary recalls. We also examined whether dietary intake varied by age group, cancer stage, or time since surgery among breast cancer survivors. We used the generalized linear model to compare their dietary intakes.
RESULTS
Intakes of total energy, beta-carotene, folate, vitamin C, plant iron and fruits were lower among breast cancer survivors with longer time since surgery compared to those with shorter time (p < 0.05). Breast cancer patients with higher stage at diagnosis tended to consume less legumes (p = 0.01) than those with lower stage. When we compared dietary intake between breast cancer survivors and the general female population without cancer, breast cancer survivors were more likely to consume most of macro- and micro-nutrients in larger quantity (p < 0.05) and adhere to healthier diet characterized by higher intakes of legumes, seed and nuts, vegetables and fishes and shells than the general female population who never had been diagnosed with cancer (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study results suggested that the intakes of nutrients and foods varied by time since surgery and cancer stage among breast cancer survivors and dietary intakes among breast cancer survivors differed from that in the general population. Further prospective studies are warranted to explore the association between dietary intakes of specific food items and survival among Korean breast cancer survivors.

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  • Utilization of Nutrition Labels and Its Relation to Nutrient Intake among Cancer Survivors: The 2019–2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Kyujin Choi, Seyoung Son, Hee-Kyung Joh, Su-Min Jeong
    Korean Journal of Family Practice.2023; 13(4): 225.     CrossRef
  • Nutrient intakes from supplement and factors associated with supplement use among breast cancer survivors: A cross‐sectional study
    Jiyoung Youn, Sihyun Park, Sihan Song, Hyeong‐Gon Moon, Dong‐Young Noh, So‐Youn Jung, Eunsook Lee, Zisun Kim, Hyun Jo Youn, Jihyoung Cho, Young Bum Yoo, Se Kyung Lee, Taisun Hyun, Jung Eun Lee
    European Journal of Cancer Care.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Comparisons of Nutritional Intake and Diet Quality Index-International in Gynecological Cancer Survivors and Normal Women: Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013~2016
    Bo-Young Seo, Eun-Sil Her
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(5): 406.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Utilizing Smartphone Application Peer Support on Health Behavior and Body Mass Index among Breast Cancer Survivors
    Gaeun Park, Haejung Lee, Hyun Yul Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2019; 49(5): 550.     CrossRef
  • Determinants of Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations among Breast Cancer Survivors in Korea
    Woo-Kyoung Shin, Zisun Kim, Hyun Youn, Jihyoung Cho, Jung Lee
    Nutrients.2018; 10(3): 380.     CrossRef
  • Development of a FFQ for breast cancer survivors in Korea
    Woo-kyoung Shin, Sihan Song, Eunkyung Hwang, Hyeong-Gon Moon, Dong-Young Noh, Jung Eun Lee
    British Journal of Nutrition.2016; 116(10): 1781.     CrossRef
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[English]
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Abnormalities in Korea Children and Adolescents and Nutrient intakes: Using 2008 the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Hang Me Nam, Mi Ja Choi
Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(2):133-141.   Published online April 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.133
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), metabolic abnormalities, and nutrient intakes in Korea children and adolescents using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008.
METHODS
A sample of 838 children and adolescent males (n = 442) and females (n = 396) aged 10-18 was used from the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey. The diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome subjects was adapted from modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III by Ford. To compare nutrient intakes, we used a judgment sampling. The first group was composed of all children and adolescents (n = 46) with MS. The second one along with the first group had children and adolescents with the same age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) but without MS (n = 46). The control group like the first two had children and adolescents with same sex and same age but with normal BMI and without MS (n = 46).
RESULTS
In this randomized controlled controlled trial, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 5.8%. The risk factors was associated with the MS were abdominal obesity 9.4%, hypertriglyceridemia 25.0%, low HDL-cholesterol 10.3%, hypertension 23.4%, and hyperglycemia 7.1%. Among metabolic abnormalities, blood pressure was significantly affected by sex, age and obesity. On the other hand, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and waist circumference were directly linked to obesity. There were no significant differences in nutrient intakes among the three groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of MS was higher in children (10-11 years old) than in adolescents (12-18 years old). There was a difference in hypertension among risk factors by gender, and there were no significant differences in nutrient intakes.

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  • Prevalence Trends of Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Children and Adolescents from a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey
    Ji Hyun Kim, Jung Sub Lim
    Life.2022; 12(9): 1404.     CrossRef
  • Biochemical Index, Nutrition Label Use, and Weight Control Behavior in Female Adolescents: Using the 2010 and 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Mi-Ja Choi, Hyun-Ju Jo, Mi-Kyung Kim
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2020; 9(1): 32.     CrossRef
  • Socioeconomic and Behavioral Characteristics Associated With Metabolic Syndrome Among Overweight/Obese School-age Children
    Ok Kyung Ham
    Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2017; 32(1): 30.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Adolescents According to the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III and International Diabetes Federation
    Seonho Kim, Wi-Young So
    Nutrients.2016; 8(10): 588.     CrossRef
  • Dietary Assessment and Factors Related to Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Youth: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007~2013
    Yong-Suk Kwon, Yangsuk Kim, Eun-Mi Ahn, Hyun Ju Kang, Young-Hee Park, Young Kim
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2016; 27(4): 875.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of nutrient intake and food variety by age in Korean adolescents: Based on 2010~2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Yun-Jung Bae
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(3): 236.     CrossRef
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[English]
Assessment of Menu Plan Prepared by Middle School Students According to Ordinary Meal Pattern and Single Serving Size
Jung Ok Kim, Youngnam Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(4):333-343.   Published online August 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.4.333
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
It is important to prepare and execute the menu plan for proper and balanced intake of nutrients in the adolescence. This study investigated the new approach for planning menu by ordinary meal pattern based on cooked foods groups. The amounts of cooked foods in the menu plan assumed to be single serving size. The middle school second graders participated for the study. A total of 313 questionnaires were analyzed using CAN-pro 3.0 and SPSS WIN 12.0 program. The average content of energy in the menu plan was 2,453 kcal, the average ratios of energy contribution by carbohydrate, protein and fat were 54.3%, 17.9%, 27.8%, respectively. A total of 56.9% menu plans (94.9% of male and 8.7% of female students') were below the lowest limit of optimum carbohydrate energy ratio of 55%. A total of 29.1% menu plans (33.1% of male and 23.9% of female students') were exceed the highest limit of optimum fat energy ratio of 30%. The NAR of minerals and vitamins were all 1.0 except for calcium (0.92) and folate (0.88). When INQ of the individual cooked food groups were calculated, kimch was the highest in all minerals and vitamins examined, suggesting that kimch may be the best source for all minerals and vitamins, including calcium and folate with the minimum change in energy content. In conclusion, the menu plan by ordinary meal pattern in this study was low in carbohydrate, high in fat, and contained enough minerals and vitamins except for calcium and folate for middle school students.

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  • Status of serving labeling of home meal replacement-soups and stews, and evaluation of their energy and nutrient content per serving
    Mi-Hyun Kim, In-Young Choi, Jee-Young Yeon
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(5): 560.     CrossRef
  • Nutritional Adequacy Analysis of Recommended Menu in Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2015
    Youngnam Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(4): 279.     CrossRef
  • Proposition and Application of a Dish-Based Target Pattern for Korean Adolescent Girls
    Mi Jin Park, Youngnam Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(2): 87.     CrossRef
  • Validation of Nutrient Intake Estimation based on One Serving Size
    Yi-Yeong Kim, Mi-Hyun Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2015; 28(5): 871.     CrossRef
  • Revision of the Target Pattern based on Single Serving Size of Dishes for Korean Adolescent Meal Plan
    Mi Jin Park, Youngnam Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(1): 21.     CrossRef
  • Revision and Application of the Target Pattern in Food Guidance System: Administered to 2nd grade middle school students
    Ha Yeon Lee, Youngnam Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(3): 274.     CrossRef
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[English]
Evaluation of Nutrient Intake and Meal Variety with Breakfast Eating in Korean Adolescents: Analysis of Data from the 2008~2009 National Health and Nutrition Survey
Yun Jung Bae
Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(3):257-268.   Published online June 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.3.257
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutrient intake and meal variety with breakfast eating in Korean adolescents using data from the 2008-2009 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The analysis included 1245 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. The subjects were divided into two groups according to breakfast skipping (BS: breakfast skipping, n = 235, BE: breakfast eating, n = 1110). The BS group was significantly higher in its frequency of eating soda drinks, instant noodle, and ice cream than the BE group. The BS group consumed significantly lower quantities of plant calcium and plant protein per 1,000 kcal compared to the BE group. Also the intake of cereal and vegetables in the BS group was significantly lower than those in the BE group, however, the intake of beverage in the BS group was significantly higher than that in the BE group. The average number of foods of the BE and BS groups were 29.50 and 25.85, respectively and revealed a statistical significance (p < 0.0001). The snack intake and % energy from snack intake of the BS group were significantly higher than those of the BE group. Also, the fasting blood glucose concentrations were significantly higher in the BS group compared to the BE group. In conclusion, adolescents who skip breakfast may have lower meal variety and higher blood glucose concentrations. Therefore, in support of proper dietary management, it is necessary to promote and encourage breakfast eating.

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    Sarim Kim, Jiyoung Jeong, Juyeon Kang, Jihye Kim, Yoon Jung Yang
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  • 제한적인 등교 상황에서 중고등학생의 신체적·정신적 건강 및 식생활 행태 변화:
    민지 손, 은주 윤
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    Yunseo Chung, Kyunghee Jung-Choi, Bo Young Kim, Kyoung Ae Kong
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  • Evaluation of dietary habits according to breakfast consumption in Korean adolescents: based on the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013 ~ 2015
    Hyun-Suk Kim, Ui-Suk Lee, Seon-Hyeong Kim, Youn-Soo Cha
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(2): 217.     CrossRef
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    Geunyeong Kang, Yoonna Lee, Mihyang UM, Seunghee Kye
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    Journal of School Health.2019; 89(3): 181.     CrossRef
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    Ayoung Kim, Jinhee Kim, Seunghee Kye
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2018; 51(5): 465.     CrossRef
  • Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Young Women according to Breakfast Frequency in Seoul
    Da-Mee Kim, Youl-Ri Kim, Kyung-Hee Kim
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(2): 102.     CrossRef
  • Study on Skipping Breakfast in Adolescents Classified by Household Type
    Jaehong Park, Soye You
    The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2017; 28(2): 329.     CrossRef
  • Development of NQ-A, Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adolescents, to assess dietary quality and food behavior
    Hye-Young Kim, Jung-Sug Lee, Ji-Yun Hwang, Sehyug Kwon, Hae Rang Chung, Tong-Kyung Kwak, Myung-Hee Kang, Young-Sun Choi
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    Yun-Jung Bae, Jee-Young Yeon
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    Yun-Jung Bae
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    Yang Song, Hyo-Jin Ahn, Ji-Hye Choi, Se-Young Oh
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[English]
Correlation of Nutrient Intake, Obesity-related Anthropometrics, and Blood Lipid Status with Instant Coffee-mix Intakes in Gangneung and Samcheok Residents
Eun Kyung Kim, Jeong Sook Choe, Eun Kyung Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(2):134-141.   Published online April 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.2.134
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
This study was conducted to investigate instant coffee-mix intakes and its relations with anthropometric measurements, nutrient intake, and blood lipid in Gangneung and Samcheok residents. Coffee-mix is a mixture of instant coffee, sugar and coffee-creamer. It is a standardized convenience food in Korea. Recently, Koreans appear to consume too much of instant coffee-mix. The respondents of this study were 218 Koreans (Gangneung region 133, Samcheok region 85). The average age was 56.0 years (male), 57.5 years (female). They were divided into 2 groups, the instant coffee-mix drinkers and the non-drinkers. The nutrient intake and anthropometric measurements and their relations with coffee-mix intakes were analyzed (nutrient intakes were calculated by converting per 1,000 kcal and adjusted by age, region). As for male, body fat was significantly higher in coffee-mix drinkers (18.1 kg, 25.0%) than in nondrinkers (17.1 kg, 23.8%). In the case of females, serum triglyceride was significantly higher in coffee-mix drinkers (109.1 mg/dL) than in nondrinkers (102.9 mg/dL). Coffee-mix intakes and coffee-mix's contributions to energy were higher for participants from Samcheok (21.2 g, 4.7%) than those from Gangneung (16.6 g, 3.4%). In addition, for Samcheok, coffee-mix's contribution to energy was significantly higher in male (5.6%) than in female (4.2%). Coffee-mix intakes and energy contribution of coffee-mix were not significantly correlated with anthropometric measurements. Only HDL-cholestrol showed significantly negative correlation with coffee-mix's contributions to energy. Based on the above results, we conclude that usual instant coffee-mix intake may increase intakes of sugar and fat and exert negative effects on serum lipids. Therefore, it is needed to control too much instant coffee-mix intake in the dietary management of rural residents.

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    Nutrients.2023; 15(20): 4385.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of 24-hour Recalls with a Food Frequency Questionnaire in Assessing Coffee Consumption: The Health Examinees (HEXA) Study
    An Na Kim, Jiyoung Youn, Hyun Jeong Cho, Taiyue Jin, Sangah Shin, Jung Eun Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(1): 48.     CrossRef
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    Eunhee Choi, Seoeun Ahn, Hyojee Joung
    Nutrients.2020; 12(5): 1412.     CrossRef
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    Eun-Suk Park, Eun-Hyun Lee
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    Jee-Young Yeon, Yun-Jung Bae
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(3): 257.     CrossRef
  • The effect of coffee consumption on food group intake, nutrient intake, and metabolic syndrome of Korean adults—2010 KNHANES (V-1)
    Fangfang Song, JiEun Oh, KyungWon Lee, Mi Sook Cho
    NFS Journal.2016; 4: 9.     CrossRef
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[English]
Nutritional Evaluation and Its Relation to the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome according to the Consumption of Cooked Rice and Cooked Rice with Multi-grains in Korean Adults: Based on 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Soo Hyun Son, Hwa Jung Lee, Kyong Park, Tae Youl Ha, Jung Sook Seo
Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(1):77-87.   Published online February 28, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.1.77
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
This study was conducted to investigate the nutrient intakes of subjects by quartile of percent energy intake from cooked rice, consumption of cooked rice mixed with multi-grains and to evaluate rice consumption in relation to the risk of metabolic syndrome. The subjects were 5,830 males and females aged between 20~64 years based on 2007-2008 KNHNES data. Levels of percent energy intake from cooked rice were classified into 4 groups (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 groups: 25% of each) using data of 24-hour recall method from KNHNES. Using medical examination and questionnaire, subjects were classified according to diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome. The subjects with higher age, being married, lower education, lower economic level were more likely to take higher percent energy intake from cooked rice. Quartile Q3 of percent energy intake from cooked rice tended to show higher Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) for fiber, calcium, iron, potassium and vitamin A. INQ of protein, dietary fiber, calcium, thiamin, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C by consumption of cooked rice mixed with multi-grains was higher than that by consumption of cooked white rice when adjusted for age. No association with a risk for metabolic syndrome was found for quartile of percent energy intake from cooked rice or cooked rice mixed with multi-grains compared to cooked white rice after adjusting for energy, gender, age, BMI, alcohol, smoking, income and physical activity. In conclusion, consumption of over 54% energy intake from cooked rice or only cooked white rice showed relatively low INQs, but was not associated with a higher risk for metabolic syndrome.

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    Chunhoo Cheon, So-Mi Oh, Soobin Jang, Jeong-Su Park, Sunju Park, Bo-Hyoung Jang, Yong-Cheol Shin, Seong-Gyu Ko
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    Hee-Kyung Jang
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2014; 27(4): 660.     CrossRef
  • The Risk of Metabolic Syndrome by Dietary Patterns of Middle-aged Adults in Gyeonggi Province
    You-Sin Lee, Moo-Yong Lee, Sim-Yeol Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(6): 527.     CrossRef
  • Cooking Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Cooked Rice According to the Addition of Glutinous and Non-glutinous Sorghum
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    Korean Journal of Crop Science.2013; 58(4): 399.     CrossRef
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[English]
Anthropometric Index, Dietary Habits and Nutrient Intake of the Oldest-old Population Aged 95 and Over Living in Seoul
Chung Shil Kwak, Ji Hyun Cho, Miyong Yon, Sang Chul Park
Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(5):603-622.   Published online October 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.5.603
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
The population aged 95 years and older in Seoul approximately increased to five-fold over the past 10 years, while nationwide rates increased to three-fold. In order to examine the dietary habit and nutritional status of oldest-old population living in Seoul, we recruited 87 subjects (25 males and 62 females) aged 95 years and older. The prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) were 18.2% and 18.2% in males, and 20.8% and 9.4% in females, respectively. In self-assessment of health, only 25.3% answered to be unhealthy. More males exercised regularly and reported a wide range of activities than females. The average of %Kcal from carbohydrate, protein and fat (C : P : F) was 64.9 : 13.8 : 21.2 in males and 68.1 : 14.2 : 17.7 in females. The average daily energy intake was 1,307 kcal in males and 1,304 kcal in females. More than 75% of subjects were taking under estimated average requirements (EAR) for vitamin B1, B2 & C and Ca. The average of mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was 0.66 in males and 0.70 in females, and 28.8% of males and 12.9% of females were in MAR < 0.50. Based on MAR, 32.0% of males and 14.5% females were classified as normal and 16.0% of males and 25.8% of females were classified as malnourished. Our subjects were taking more animal food, especially milk and its products, compared to those living, in rural areas. However, a significant proportion did not meet the EAR for vitamin B1, B2 & C and Ca.

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    Sojeong Lee, Seungmin Lee
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    Jong-Sook Kwon, Seung Hee Lee, Kang Min Lee, Yoonna Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(2): 200.     CrossRef
  • A study on the Needs for Nutrition Management Program for Elderly Who use Welfare Facilities
    Min-June Lee, Jung-Hyun Kim, Ok-Jin Park, Young-Mi Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(1): 65.     CrossRef
  • The Prevalence of Obesity by Percentage of Body Fat, Waist Circumference, and Body Mass Index and Their Association with Prevalence of Chronic Diseases of Elderly in Seoul Area
    Min Jeong Kang, Jung Young Park, Jung Yun Kim, Yeon Joo Lee, Min Hee Do, Sang Sun Lee
    The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2014; 27(3): 358.     CrossRef
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[English]
The Relationship among Insulin Resistance, Blood Profiles and Nutrient Intake in Overweight or Obese Children and Adolescents
Jae Hee Kim, Eun Kyung Kim
Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(5):530-542.   Published online October 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.5.530
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
The purposes of this study were to investigate blood profiles and nutrient intakes of groups that are different in obese levels, and to find the credible predictor of insulin resistance. The subjects were classified as normal weight (%IBW < or = 110), obese without MS and obese with MS according to IDF definition of the risk group in metabolic syndrome (MS). Subjects of this study were included 137 (59 boys, 78 girls) free living children and adolescents (mean age 12.6 +/- 3.4 years) in Gangneung area, South Korea. %IBW of normal weight (94.9%), obese without MS (123.8%) and obese with MS (131.5%) were significantly different among groups. HOMA-IR had positive correlations with TG (r = 0.634), waist circumference (r = 0.553), atherogenic index (r = 0.513), %IBW (r = 0.453) and ALT (r = 0.360), but showed negative correlations with HDL cholesterol (r = -0.417, p < 0.001). HOMA-IR showed positive correlation with polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (p < 0.05). The energy intake of obese with MS was 1762 kcal/day which was not significantly different from those of normal weight and obese without MS. Total fatty acid intakes of two obese groups were significantly higher than that of normal weight. The results of this study suggest that waist circumference and ALT as well as TG, atherogenic index and weight can be credible indices to predict the insulin resistance in children and in adolescents. In addition, nutrition education and adequate diet should be provided to prevent MS in children and in adolescents.

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    Mi-Ja Choi, Hyun-Ju Jo, Mi-Kyung Kim
    Clinical Nutrition Research.2020; 9(1): 32.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with Obesity among Korean Adolescents based on the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016)
    Hyun Young Koo, Eun Kyung Lee
    Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(1): 28.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(1): 32.     CrossRef
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    Hee-Sook Lim, Soon-Kyung Kim, Yoon-Hyung Park, Young-Lim Shin
    The Korean Journal of Obesity.2016; 25(4): 225.     CrossRef
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